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arXiv 0909.5306cond-mat.stat-mech
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马尔可夫动力学的非平衡线性响应,I:跳跃过程和过阻尼扩散

Nonequilibrium linear response for Markov dynamics, I: jump processes and overdamped diffusions

Marco Baiesi, Christian Maes, Bram Wynants

摘要:

在稳态和非稳态状态下,失去平衡的系统对能量脉冲的线性响应简单地表示为两个特定的时间关联函数之和。对这些量有一个自然的解释。第一项对应于可观测和过剩熵通量之间的相关性,产生与平衡中的能量耗散的关系。第二个术语有了新的含义:它是可观测的和动力学活动或反应性中的过剩之间的相关性,在动力学涨落理论中起着重要的作用。在职业统计中,它表现为一种广义的逃跑率。所得的响应公式适用于所有可观测量,并允许直接的数值或实验评估,例如在讨论有效温度时,因为它只涉及显式量的统计平均,例如不需要非平衡分布的表达式。物理解释和数学推导是独立的动力学的许多细节,但在这第一部分,他们被限制到马尔可夫跳跃过程和过阻尼扩散。

英文摘要:

Systems out of equilibrium, in stationary as well as in nonstationary regimes, display a linear response to energy impulses simply expressed as the sum of two specific temporal correlation functions. There is a natural interpretation of these quantities. The first term corresponds to the correlation between observable and excess entropy flux yielding a relation with energy dissipation like in equilibrium. The second term comes with a new meaning: it is the correlation between the observable and the excess in dynamical activity or reactivity, playing an important role in dynamical fluctuation theory out-of-equilibrium. It appears as a generalized escape rate in the occupation statistics. The resulting response formula holds for all observables and allows direct numerical or experimental evaluation, for example in the discussion of effective temperatures, as it only involves the statistical averaging of explicit quantities, e.g. without needing an expression for the nonequilibrium distribution. The physical interpretation and the mathematical derivation are independent of many details of the dynamics, but in this first part they are restricted to Markov jump processes and overdamped diffusions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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