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arXiv 1703.04722cond-mat.stat-mech
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维持目标非平衡态的最小能量成本

Minimum energetic cost to maintain a target nonequilibrium state

Jordan M. Horowitz, Kevin Zhou, Jeremy L. England

摘要:

在没有外部驱动的情况下,暴露于热涨落的系统将松弛到平衡。然而,恒定的功输入使得有可能抵消这种弛豫,并使系统保持在非平衡稳态。在这篇文章中,我们使用马尔可夫跳跃过程的随机热力学来计算在给定的能量景观中维持任意非平衡分布所必须提供和消耗能量的最小速率。这个下限取决于两个因素:在平衡态下的未驱动概率电流,和目标分布的热平衡的距离。通过显示在几个简单的例子,这一结果的后果,我们建议所需的能量成本的大分子修复和胞质蛋白定位的一般影响。

英文摘要:

In the absence of external driving, a system exposed to thermal fluctuations will relax to equilibrium. However, the constant input of work makes it possible to counteract this relaxation, and maintain the system in a nonequilibrium steady state. In this Article, we use the stochastic thermodynamics of Markov jump processes to compute the minimum rate at which energy must be supplied and dissipated to maintain an arbitrary nonequilibrium distribution in a given energy landscape. This lower bound depends on two factors: the undriven probability current in the equilibrium state, and the distance from thermal equilibrium of the target distribution. By showing the consequences of this result in a few simple examples, we suggest general implications for the required energetic costs of macromolecular repair and cytosolic protein localization.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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