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arXiv 1802.02670cond-mat.stat-mech
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微观非平衡系统的随机控制

Stochastic control in microscopic nonequilibrium systems

Steven J. Large, Raphaël Chetrite, David A. Sivak

摘要:

在纳米尺度上量化能量流有望指导未来各种学科的研究,从微观控制和操纵到自主操作的分子机器。对非平衡过程的热力学成本的一般理解将阐明高效微观机器的设计原则。相当大的努力已经投入到寻找和分类的确定性控制协议,驱动系统之间的状态以最小的能量成本迅速。但对于自治的微观系统,驱动过程本身是随机的。在这里,我们概括了一个线性响应框架,将这种协议的变化,推导出一个下限的工作,实现在有限的协议持续时间,远离准静态限制。我们的研究结果在模型系统中得到证实。这一理论提供了一个热力学原理的快速运作,独立的功能激励。

英文摘要:

Quantifying energy flows at nanometer scales promises to guide future research in a variety of disciplines, from microscopic control and manipulation, to autonomously operating molecular machines. A general understanding of the thermodynamic costs of nonequilibrium processes would illuminate the design principles for efficient microscopic machines. Considerable effort has gone into finding and classifying the deterministic control protocols that drive a system rapidly between states at minimum energetic cost. But for autonomous microscopic systems, driving processes are themselves stochastic. Here we generalize a linear-response framework to incorporate such protocol variability, deriving a lower bound on the work that is realized at finite protocol duration, far from the quasistatic limit. Our findings are confirmed in model systems. This theory provides a thermodynamic rationale for rapid operation, independent of functional incentives.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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