arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.06735cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.soft
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活动场论的热力学:与储层耦合的能量代价

Thermodynamics of active field theories: Energetic cost of coupling to reservoirs

Tomer Markovich, Étienne Fodor, Elsen Tjhung, Michael E. Cates

摘要:

活性物质的标志是其微观成分在能源消耗的驱动下的自主定向运动。这导致了大尺度动力学和结构的出现,而没有任何平衡等价物。虽然主动场论提供了一个有用的流体动力学描述,它是不清楚如何正确地量化的能量成本的动态从这样一个粗粒度的描述。我们提供了一个物理上一致的框架,以确定在流体动力学水平的主动系统和周围的恒温器之间的能量交换。基于线性不可逆热力学,我们确定了在非平衡驱动的基础上,活动场如何与下伏储层耦合。这导致评估在恒温器中耗散的热的速率,作为维持系统远离平衡的成本的度量,这与活跃场动态的不可逆性有关。我们证明了我们的方法在两个流行的主动场论的适用性:(i)一个保守的密度场再现主动相分离的动力学,及(ii)耦合动力学的密度和偏振描述能动变形液滴。结合数值和分析的方法,我们提供了空间地图的散热,比较它们与不可逆措施的活动场动力学,并探讨如何整体散热的变化与新兴的秩序。

英文摘要:

The hallmark of active matter is the autonomous directed motion of its microscopic constituents driven by consumption of energy resources. This leads to the emergence of large scale dynamics and structures without any equilibrium equivalent. Though active field theories offer a useful hydrodynamic description, it is unclear how to properly quantify the energetic cost of the dynamics from such a coarse-grained description. We provide a thermodynamically consistent framework to identify the energy exchanges between active systems and their surrounding thermostat at the hydrodynamic level. Based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, we determine how active fields couple with the underlying reservoirs at the basis of nonequilibrium driving. This leads to evaluating the rate of heat dissipated in the thermostat, as a measure of the cost to sustain the system away from equilibrium, which is related to the irreversibility of the active field dynamics. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in two popular active field theories: (i) the dynamics of a conserved density field reproducing active phase separation, and (ii) the coupled dynamics of density and polarization describing motile deformable droplets. Combining numerical and analytical approaches, we provide spatial maps of dissipated heat, compare them with the irreversibility measure of the active field dynamics, and explore how the overall dissipated heat varies with the emerging order.

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