发表机构
College of Physics, Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook（吉林大学物理学院; 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室; 纽约州立大学石溪分校化学系和物理与天文学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一类双储层信息引擎，证明测量误差可被利用为热力学资源，在特定条件下提升功输出和效率，并设计基于囚禁离子的实验方案。
AI 中文摘要
通常，测量误差会限制信息引擎的性能。然而，这并非普遍成立。在本工作中，我们提出了一类具有二能级系统的双储层信息引擎（TRIEs），并证明了TRIEs的功输出、效率以及功涨落与测量误差之间的单调关系由恶魔的控制参数决定。利用这一点，我们建立了允许TRIEs在任何测量误差水平下产生有用功的条件，并识别了这些性能参数可被测量误差同时优化的区域。此外，我们证明了当恶魔的能量成本仅由冷储层提供时，计入该成本的效率可以超越标准卡诺界限而不违反第二定律。最后，我们设计了一个双奥托循环TRIE，并基于囚禁的$^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^+$离子提供了其实验实现方案。重要的是，我们的结果可应用于多能级系统信息引擎。
英文摘要
In general, measurement error constrains the performance of information engines. However, this may not hold universally. In this work, we propose a class of two-reservoirs information engines (TRIEs) with a two-level system and demonstrate that the monotonic relationships between the work output, the efficiency, as well as the work fluctuations of the TRIEs and measurement error are determined by the demon's control parameters. Utilizing this, we establish the conditions that allow the TRIEs to generate useful work under any level of measurement error, and identify the regimes in which these performance parameters can be optimized simultaneously by the measurement error. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the demon's energy cost is supplied solely by the cold reservoir, the efficiency that accounts for this cost can surpass the standard Carnot bound without violating the second law. Finally, we design a dual Otto cycles TRIE and provide an experimental scheme for its implementation based on a trapped $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^+$ ion. Significantly, our results can be applied to the multi-level system information engines.
