随机热力学中的守恒律和对称性
Conservation laws and symmetries in stochastic thermodynamics
摘要：
唯象非平衡态热力学描述了守恒量（如物质、能量和电荷）如何从外部储存器流过系统，以及它们如何不可逆地从一种形式退化为另一种形式。随机热力学是在系统的配置空间中循环的概率通量。这两个框架的一致性是由局部细致平衡条件授予的，该条件指定了在配置之间的单个转换期间与储层交换的物理量的量。我们表明，拓扑结构的配置空间至关重要地决定了数量的独立的热力学亲和力（力），水库产生的系统，并提供了一个通用的算法，产生的基本亲和力和共轭电流的总耗散，基于宏观守恒定律的电流和微观对称性的亲和力之间的相互作用。
英文摘要：
Phenomenological nonequilibrium thermodynamics describes how fluxes of conserved quantities such as matter, energy and charge flow from outer reservoirs across a system, and how they irreversibly degrade from one form to another. Stochastic thermodynamics is formulated in terms of probability fluxes circulating in the system's configuration space. The consistency of the two frameworks is granted by the condition of local detailed balance, which specifies the amount of physical quantities exchanged with the reservoirs during single transitions between configurations. We demonstrate that the topology of the configuration space crucially determines the number of independent thermodynamic affinities (forces) that the reservoirs generate across the system, and provide a general algorithm that produces the fundamental affinities and their conjugate currents contributing to the total dissipation, based on the interplay between macroscopic conservations laws for the currents and microscopic symmetries of the affinities.
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