通过非平衡驱动加速随机过程：对最大加速比的热力学约束
Accelerating stochastic processes through nonequilibrium driving: Thermodynamic constraints on the maximum speed-up
- University of Padova（帕多瓦大学）
- INFN, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究推导了依赖轨迹的可观测量存活率加速比的热力学边界，通过连续时间马尔可夫跳跃过程和过阻尼扩散两种场景分析，在两类模型系统上验证了相关不等式，为随机过程加速提供了热力学约束。
AI中文摘要：
我们推导了一组新的边界，用于控制由扰动应用引起的依赖轨迹的可观测量存活率的加速比。通过在连续时间马尔可夫跳跃过程和过阻尼扩散这两种不同场景下研究存活概率，我们获得了可实现加速比边界的不同形式。这些边界是通过受限路径概率的非线性响应理论得到的，且与热力学明确关联。对于任意随时间变化的存活率，我们发现一个线性边界，该边界既取决于扰动强度，也取决于扰动前的熵产生率。对于以恒定存活率为特征的稀有过程，该边界呈指数形式，由扰动产生的 excess heat（ excess heat 为专有名词，保留）决定。我们在两个典型模型系统上举例说明了这些不等式，即单环网络和双稳态势中的受迫扩散。
英文摘要：
We derive a new set of bounds controlling the speed-up of the survival rate of trajectory-dependent observables induced by the application of a perturbation. Via the study of survival probabilities in two different contexts, continuous-time Markov jump processes and overdamped diffusions, we obtain different fashions of the bound on the achievable boost. These bounds, obtained by a nonlinear response theory of constrained path probabilities, are explicitly linked to thermodynamics. For arbitrary time-dependent survival rates, we find a linear bound that depends on both the perturbation strength and the entropy production rate prior to the perturbation. For rare processes characterized by a constant survival rate, the bound is exponential and is determined by the excess heat generated by the perturbation. We exemplify the inequalities on two prototypical model systems, namely, a unicyclic network and forced diffusion in a bistable potential.
