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arXiv 0909.1223astro-ph.GA
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NGC3576的多代大质量恒星形成

Multi-generation massive star-formation in NGC3576

C. R. Purcell, V. Minier, S. N. Longmore, Ph. André, A. J. Walsh, P. Jones, F. Herpin, T. Hill, M. R. Cunningham, M. G. Burton

摘要:

最近的1.2毫米连续观测表明,巨大的HII区域NGC 3576被嵌入在一个扩展的对流尘埃云的中心。远离HII区域的大部分暗条包含许多只能在(亚)毫米波长处看到的团块,这些团块可能在演化的非常早期阶段容纳了大量的原恒星物体。我们已经使用澳大利亚望远镜紧凑阵列(ATCA)的图像云的NH 3(1,1),(2,2)和(4,4)的过渡,22 GHz的水脉泽,和23 GHz的连续辐射。我们还利用22米的Mopra天线绘制了分子线13 CO(1-0)、C18 O(1-0)、HCO+(1-0)、H13 CO+(1 -0)、CS(1-0)和N2 H+(1-0)的区域。观察到HII区域正在扩展到分子云中,扫过气体的团壳,而中央星团则将分子气体分散到东方。靠近HII中心区域的温度最高,表明那里嵌入的年轻恒星团正在加热气体。在暗条的臂中发现了六个新的水脉泽,它们都与NH3发射峰有关,证实了恒星的形成已经在这些核心中开始。核心质量从5到516个太阳质量不等,大多数似乎受到引力束缚。André等人(2008)的补充结果暗示,七个核心将继续形成质量在15到50个太阳质量之间的大质量恒星。大尺度的速度结构的细丝是光滑的,但至少有一个团块显示向内的气体运动的签名通过NH3(1,1)线轮廓的不对称性。同样的团块表现出增强的丰度N2 H+,再加上没有CO表明耗尽到尘埃颗粒表面。位于NGC 3576中心的HII区域可能会在相关云的大部分中引发大质量恒星的形成。

英文摘要:

Recent 1.2-mm continuum observations have shown the giant HII region NGC3576 to be embedded in the centre of an extended filamentary dust-cloud. The bulk of the filament away from the HII region contains a number of clumps seen only at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths and which may host massive protostellar objects at a very early stage of evolution. We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to image the cloud for the NH3(1,1), (2,2) and (4,4) transitions, 22 GHz water masers, and 23 GHz continuum emission. We also utilised the 22-m Mopra antenna to map the region for the molecular lines 13CO (1-0), C18O (1-0), HCO+ (1-0), H13CO+ (1-0), CS (1-0) and N2H+ (1-0).The HII region is observed to be expanding into the molecular cloud, sweeping up a clumpy shell of gas, while the central star cluster is dispersing the molecular gas to the east. Temperatures are highest adjacent to the central HII region, indicating that the embedded cluster of young stars there is heating the gas. Six new water masers were detected in the arms of the filament, all associated with NH3 emission peaks, confirming that star-formation has begun within these cores. Core masses range from 5 to 516 solar masses and most appear to be gravitationally bound. Complementary results by André et al. (2008) imply that seven cores will go on to form massive stars between 15 and 50 solar masses. The large scale velocity structure of the filament is smooth, but at least one clump shows the signature of inward gas motions via asymmetries in the NH3 (1,1) line profiles. The same clump exhibits an enhanced abundance of N2H+, which coupled with an absence of CO indicates depletion onto the dust grain surface. The HII region at the heart of NGC3576 is potentially triggering the formation of massive stars in the bulk of the associated cloud.

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