在巨大分子云中形成大质量星团的普遍途径
A universal route for the formation of massive star clusters in giant molecular clouds
摘要：
年轻的大质量星团（YMC，M $\geq$ 10 $^4$ M $_{\odot}$）被认为是球状星团（GC）的现代类似物，是早期宇宙中极端恒星形成的产物。YMC形成的确切条件和机制仍然未知-这一事实因其众多的大质量年轻恒星产生的极端辐射场而进一步复杂化。在这里，我们表明，GC大小的集群自然产生的辐射流体动力学模拟孤立的10 $^7$ M $_{\odot}$巨分子云（GMCs）与当地宇宙的典型属性，即使在辐射反馈的影响下。在所有的情况下，这些大质量的星系团在500万年内通过与几个质量较小的星系团大致相等的附加气体吸积和合并的组合增长到GC级质量。将GMC的重元素丰度降低10倍，降低了气体对辐射的不透明度，更好地代表了GCs的高红移形成条件。这导致更高的气体吸积，导致最大的星系团的质量增加约4倍。当结合模拟的质量较低的GMC（10 $^{4-6}$ M $_{\odot}$），一个明确的关系出现之间的最大YMC质量和主机GMC的质量。我们的研究结果表明，YMC，并可能GC，是一个简单的扩展本地团簇形成更大规模的云，并不需要建议的异国情调的形成方案。
英文摘要：
Young massive star clusters (YMCs, with M $\geq$10$^4$ M$_{\odot}$) are proposed modern-day analogues of the globular clusters (GCs) that were products of extreme star formation in the early universe. The exact conditions and mechanisms under which YMCs form remain unknown -- a fact further complicated by the extreme radiation fields produced by their numerous massive young stars. Here we show that GC-sized clusters are naturally produced in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of isolated 10$^7$ M$_{\odot}$ Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) with properties typical of the local universe, even under the influence of radiative feedback. In all cases, these massive clusters grow to GC-level masses within 5 Myr via a roughly equal combination of filamentary gas accretion and mergers with several less massive clusters. Lowering the heavy-element abundance of the GMC by a factor of 10 reduces the opacity of the gas to radiation and better represents the high-redshift formation conditions of GCs. This results in higher gas accretion leading to a mass increase of the largest cluster by a factor of ~4. When combined with simulations of less massive GMCs (10$^{4-6}$ M$_{\odot}$), a clear relation emerges between the maximum YMC mass and the mass of the host GMC. Our results demonstrate that YMCs, and potentially GCs, are a simple extension of local cluster formation to more massive clouds and do not require suggested exotic formation scenarios.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
