arXiv 0908.30672009-08-21q-bio.OTq-bio.GN

遗传密码构建与进化的统一理论

A Unified Theory on Construction and Evolution of the Genetic Code

Liaofu Luo

备注：: 40 pages; 7 figures

摘要：

本文提出了一个关于遗传密码的构造和进化的定量理论。通过引入突变劣化（MD）的概念，建立了MD最小化的理论形式，证明了：1.遗传密码中密码子的冗余分布服从MD最小化原则，2.氨基酸在码表上的疏水-疏水分布是全局MD（GMD）最小的，3.标准遗传密码可由GMD的自适应最小化推导出来，4.遗传密码的遗传变异是遗传密码的最小化。4.标准遗传密码的变异可以用GMD形式化进行定量解释，进化的总趋势是GMD不增加，这反映了对密码的选择。我们证明了密码子的冗余分布和氨基酸的疏水-亲水（H-P）分布相对于突变参数在编码中是稳健的，并指出GMD可以看作是适应景观上的非适应度函数。最后，研究了码结构对称性的一个重要方面--阴阳对偶性。密码子之间的阴阳二重性为理解遗传密码中的H-P结构提供了坚实的基础。

英文摘要：

A quantitative theory on the construction and the evolution of the genetic code is proposed. Through introducing the concept of mutational deterioration (MD) and developing a theoretical formalism on MD minimization we have proved: 1, the redundancy distribution of codons in the genetic code obeys MD minimization principle; 2, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic distribution of amino acids on the code table is global MD (GMD) minimal; 3, the standard genetic code can be deduced from the adaptive minimization of GMD; 4, the variants of the standard genetic code can be explained quantitatively by use of GMD formalism and the general trend of the evolution is GMD non-increasing which reflects the selection on the code. We have demonstrated that the redundancy distribution of codons and the hydrophobic-hydrophilic (H-P) distribution of amino acids are robust in the code relative to the mutational parameter, and indicated that the GMD can be looked as a non-fitness function on the adaptive landscape. Finally, an important aspect on the symmetry of the code construction, the Yin-Yang duality is investigated. The Yin-Yang duality among codons affords a sound basis for understanding the H-P structure in the genetic code.

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