论标准遗传密码作为前生物单碱基对密码融合体的起源
On the origin of the standard genetic code as a fusion of prebiotic single-base-pair codes
摘要：
林分遗传密码的发生被认为是分布在两个显性和两个隐性结构域中的两个AU-和GC-密码融合的结果。这些代码的融合描述了简单的经验规则。这种形式化的方法解释了蛋白质氨基酸的数量和所产生的标准遗传密码中的密码子分配。它显示了正亮氨酸，吡咯赖氨酸，硒代半胱氨酸和其他两种未知的氨基酸，包括在益生元代码，融合后消失。对这两种缺失的氨基酸的性质进行了描述。解释了在线粒体中观察到的模棱两可的翻译。密码子的内部结构使我们能够更详细地了解前生物时期的分子进化。特别是，最古老的单碱基对代码的结构。融合概念揭示了DNA机器在单一显性AU代码水平上的外观。标准遗传密码出现之前的时间分为四个时期：前DNA时期、2-密码时期、融合前时期和融合后时期。益生元单碱基对编码可能有助于设计新型肽基催化剂。
英文摘要：
The genesis of the stand genetic code is considered as a result of a fusion of two AU- and GC-codes distributed in two dominant and two recessive domains. The fusion of these codes is described with simple empirical rules. This formal approach explains the number of the proteinogenic amino acids and the codon assignment in the resulting standard genetic code. It shows how norleucine, pyrrolysine, selenocysteine and two other unknown amino acids, included into the prebiotic codes, disappeared after the fusion. The properties of these two missing amino acids were described. The ambiguous translation observed in mitochondria is explained. The internal structure of the codes allows a more detailed insights into molecular evolution in prebiotic time. In particular, the structure of the oldest single base-pair code is presented. The fusion concept reveals the appearance of the DNA machinery on the level of the single dominant AU-code. The time before the appearance of standard genetic code is divided into four epochs: pre-DNA, 2-code, pre-fusion, and after-fusion epochs. The prebiotic single-base-pair codes may help design novel peptide-based catalysts.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
