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arXiv 0908.1064cond-mat.stat-mech
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量子Smoluchowski方程的系统研究

Quantum Smoluchowski equation: A systematic study

Stefan A. Maier, Joachim Ankerhold

摘要:

从简化动力学的形式精确的路径积分表达式出发,系统地分析了低温下的强摩擦区。该量子Smoluchowski机制允许在逆摩擦强度中的一种类型的半经典处理,使得可以导出对原始量子Smoluchowski方程[PRL 87,086802(2001),PRL 101,11903(2008)]的更高阶量子校正。漂移和扩散系数由位置上的平衡分布决定,并直接与极值路径及其周围波动的相应作用有关。结果表明,高阶修正的加入精确地再现了亚稳阱中衰变率在交叉点以上的量子增强。

英文摘要:

The strong friction regime at low temperatures is analyzed systematically starting from the formally exact path integral expression for the reduced dynamics. This quantum Smoluchowski regime allows for a type of semiclassical treatment in the inverse friction strength so that higher order quantum corrections to the original quantum Smoluchowski equation [PRL 87, 086802 (2001), PRL 101, 11903 (2008)] can be derived. Drift and diffusion coefficients are determined by the equilibrium distribution in position and are directly related to the corresponding action of extremal paths and fluctuations around them. It is shown that the inclusion of higher order corrections reproduces the quantum enhancement above crossover for the decay rate out of a metastable well exactly.

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