We describe the Reidemeister spectrum $Spec_RG$ for $G = N_{rc},$ the free nilpotent group of rank $r$ and class $c,$ in the cases: $r \in {\mathbb N}$ and $c = 1;$ $r = 2, 3$ and $c = 2;$ $ r = 2$ and $c = 3,$ and prove that any group $N_{2c}$ for $c \geq 4$ satisfies to the $R_{\infty}$ property. As a consequence we obtain that every free solvable group $S_{2t}$ of rank 2 and class $t \geq 2$ (in particular the free metabelian group $M_2 = S_{22}$ of rank 2) satisfies to the $R_{\infty}$ property. Moreover, we prove that any free solvable group $S_{rt}$ of rank $r \geq 2$ and class $t$ big enough also satisfies to the $R_{\infty}$ property.
We investigate the Reidemeister spectrum of direct products of nilpotent groups. More specifically, we prove that the Reidemeister spectra of the individual factors yield complete information for the Reidemeister spectrum of the direct product if all groups are finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent and have a directly indecomposable rational Malcev completion. We show this by determining the complete automorphism group of the direct product.
In this paper we study the Reidemeister spectrum of 2-step nilpotent groups associated to graphs. We develop three methods, based on the structure of the graph, that can be used to determine the Reidemeister spectrum of the associated group in terms of the Reidemeister spectra of groups associated to smaller graphs. We illustrate our methods for several families of graphs, including all the groups associated to a graph with at most four vertices. We also apply our results in the context of topological fixed point theory for nilmanifolds.
We consider coincidence Reidemeister zeta functions for tame endomorphism pairs of nilpotent groups of finite rank, shedding new light on the subject by means of profinite completion techniques. In particular, we provide a closed formula for coincidence Reidemeister numbers for iterations of endomorphism pairs of torsion-free nilpotent groups of finite rank, based on a weak commutativity condition, which derives from simultaneous triangularisability on abelian sections. Furthermore, we present results in support of a Pólya-Carlson dichotomy between rationality and a natural boundary for the an…
Let $N$ be a finitely generated nilpotent group. Algorithm is constructed such, that for every automorphism $ϕ\in Aut(N)$ defines the Reidemeister number $R(ϕ).$ It is proved that any free nilpotent group of rank $r = 2$ or $r = 3$ and class $c \geq 4r,$ or rank $r \geq 4$ and class $c \geq 2r,$ belongs to the class $R_{\infty}.$
Let $R$ be an integral domain of zero characteristic. In this note we study the Reidemeister spectrum of the group ${\rm UT}_n(R)$ of unitriangular matrices over $R$. We prove that if $R^+$ is finitely generated and $n>2|R^*|$, then ${\rm UT}_n(R)$ possesses the $R_{\infty}$-property, i. e. the Reidemeister spectrum of ${\rm UT}_n(R)$ contains only $\infty$, however, if $n\leq|R^*|$, then the Reidemeister spectrum of ${\rm UT}_n(R)$ has nonempty intersection with $\mathbb{N}$. If $R$ is a field, then we prove that the Reidemeister spectrum of ${\rm UT}_n(R)$ coincides with $\{1,\infty\}$, i. e…
In this paper we study the number of twisted conjugacy classes (the Reidemeister number) for automorphisms of crystallographic groups. We present two main algorithms for crystallographic groups whose holonomy group has finite normaliser in $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{Z})$. The first algorithm calculates whether a group has the $R_\infty$-property; the second calculates the Reidemeister spectrum. We apply these algorithms to crystallographic groups up to dimension $6$.
We prove a dichotomy between rationality and a natural boundary for the analytic behavior of the Reidemeister zeta function for automorphisms of non-finitely generated torsion abelian groups and for endomorphisms of groups $\mathbb Z_p^d,$ where $\mathbb Z_p$ the group of p-adic integers. As a consequence, we obtain a dichotomy for the Reidemeister zeta function of a continuous map of a topological space with fundamental group that is non-finitely generated torsion abelian group. We also prove the rationality of the coincidence Reidemeister zeta function for tame endomorphisms pairs of finitel…
We prove that for any automorphism $ϕ$ of the restricted wreath product $\mathbb{Z}_2 \mathrm{wr} \mathbb{Z}^k$ and $\mathbb{Z}_3 \mathrm{wr} \mathbb{Z}^{2d}$ the Reidemeister number $R(ϕ)$ is infinite, i.e. these groups have the property $R_\infty$. For $\mathbb{Z}_3 \mathrm{wr} \mathbb{Z}^{2d+1}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_p \mathrm{wr} \mathbb{Z}^k$, where $p>3$ is prime, we give examples of automorphisms with finite Reidemeister numbers. So these groups do not have the property $R_\infty$. For these groups and $\mathbb{Z}_m \mathrm{wr} \mathbb{Z}$, where $m$ is relatively prime to $6$, we prove the t…
There are 9 kinds of crystallographic groups $Π$ of Sol. For any automorphism $φ$ on $Π$, we study the Reidemeister number $R(φ)$. Using the averaging formula for the Reidemeister numbers, we prove that most of the crystallographic groups of Sol have the $R_\infty$ property.
Let $F$ be either a free nilpotent group of a given class and of finite rank or a free solvable group of a certain derived length and of finite rank. We show precisely which ones have the $R_{\infty}$ property. Finally, we also show that the free group of infinite rank does not have the $R_{\infty}$ property.
A group $G$ has the $R_{\infty}$--property if the number $R(φ)$ of twisted conjugacy classes is infinite for any automorphism $φ$ of $G$. For such a group $G$, the $R_{\infty}$--nilpotency index is the least integer $c$ such that $G/γ_{c+1}(G)$ still has the $R_\infty$--property. In this paper, we determine the $R_{\infty}$--nilpotency degree of all Baumslag--Solitar groups.
We prove that if $\mathbb{F}$ is an algebraically closed field of zero characteristic which has infinite transcendence degree over $\mathbb{Q}$, then there exists a field automorphism $φ$ of ${\rm SL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ and ${\rm GL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ such that $R(φ)=1$. This fact implies that ${\rm SL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ and ${\rm GL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ do not possess the $R_{\infty}$-property. However, if the transcendece degree of $\mathbb{F}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ is finite, then ${\rm SL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ and ${\rm GL}_n(\mathbb{F})$ are known to possess the $R_{\infty}$-property.
We say a group $G$ has property $R_\infty$ if the number $R(φ)$ of twisted conjugacy classes is infinite for every automorphism $φ$ of $G$. For such groups, the $R_\infty$-nilpotency degree is the least integer $c$ such that $G/γ_{c+1}(G)$ has property $R_\infty$. In this work, we compute the $R_\infty$-nilpotency degree of all Generalized Solvable Baumslag-Solitar groups $Γ_n$. Moreover, we compute the lower central series of $Γ_n$, write the nilpotent quotients $Γ_{n,c}=Γ_n/γ_{c+1}(Γ_n)$ as semidirect products of finitely generated abelian groups and classify which integer invertible matrice…
We prove that a saturated weakly branch group $G$ has the property $R_\infty$ (any automorphism $ϕ:G\to G$ has infinite Reidemeister number) in each of the following cases: 1) any element of $Out(G)$ has finite order; 2) for any $ϕ$ the number of orbits on levels of the tree automorphism $t$ inducing $ϕ$ is uniformly bounded and $G$ is weakly stabilizer transitive; 3) $G$ is finitely generated, prime-branching, and weakly stabilizer transitive with some non-abelian stabilizers (with no restrictions on automorphisms). Some related facts and generalizations are proved.
In this note we study the Reidemeister spectrum for metabelian groups of the form ${\mathbb Q}^n\rtimes \mathbb Z$ and ${\mathbb Z[1/p]}^n\rtimes \mathbb Z$. Particular attention is given to the $R_{\infty}$ property of a subfamily of these groups. We also define a Nielsen spectrum of a space and discuss some examples.
We prove that the restricted wreath product ${\mathbb{Z}_n \mathbin{\mathrm{wr}} \mathbb{Z}^k}$ has the $R_\infty$-property, i. e. every its automorphism $φ$ has infinite Reidemeister number $R(φ)$, in exactly two cases: (1) for any $k$ and even $n$; (2) for odd $k$ and $n$ divisible by 3. In the remaining cases there are automorphisms with finite Reidemeister number, for which we prove the finite-dimensional twisted Burnside--Frobenius theorem (TBFT): $R(φ)$ is equal to the number of equivalence classes of finite-dimensional irreducible unitary representations fixed by the action ${[ρ]\mapsto…
Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ a finite $q$-group of exponent $q$ acting by automorphisms on a finite $q'$-group $G$. Assume that $A$ has order at least $q^3$. We show that if $γ_{\infty} (C_{G}(a))$ has order at most $m$ for any $a \in A^{\#}$, then the order of $γ_{\infty} (G)$ is bounded solely in terms of $m$ and $q$. If $γ_{\infty} (C_{G}(a))$ has rank at most $r$ for any $a \in A^{\#}$, then the rank of $γ_{\infty} (G)$ is bounded solely in terms of $r$ and $q$.
Let $G$ be a finite group, and $c$ an element of $\mathbb{Z}\cup \{\infty\}$. A subgroup $H$ of $G$ is said to be {\it $c$-nilpotent} if it is nilpotent, and has nilpotency class at most $c$. A subset $X$ of $G$ is said to be {\it non-$c$-nilpotent} if it contains no two elements $x$ and $y$ such that the subgroup $< x,y>$ is $c$-nilpotent. In this paper we study the quantity $ω_c(G)$, defined to be the size of the largest non-$c$-nilpotent subset of $L$. In the case that $L$ is a finite group of Lie type, we identify covers of $L$ by $c$-nilpotent subgroups, and we use these covers to constru…
It is well known there is no finitely generated abelian group which has the $R_\infty$ property. We will show that also many non-finitely generated abelian groups do not have the $R_\infty$ property, but this does not hold for all of them. In fact we construct an uncountable number of infinite countable abelian groups which do have the $R_{\infty}$ property. We also construct an abelian group such that the cardinality of the Reidemeister classes is uncountable for any automorphism of that group. 8 pages, no figures
It is well known that when $G$ is the fundamental group of a closed surface of negative Euler characteristic, it has the $R_{\infty}$ property. In this work we compute the least integer $c$, {\it called the $R_{\infty}$-nilpotency degree of $G$}, such that the group $G/ γ_{c+1}(G)$ has the $R_{\infty}$ property, where $γ_r(G)$ is the $r$-th term of the lower central series of $G$. We show that $c=4$ for $G$ the fundamental group of any orientable closed surface $S_g$ of genus $g>1$. For the fundamental group of the non-orientable surface $N_g$ (the connected sum of $g$ projective planes) this …
A finitely generated group $Γ$ is called strongly scale-invariant if there exists an injective endomorphism $φ: Γ\to Γ$ with the image $φ(Γ)$ of finite index in $Γ$ and the subgroup $\displaystyle \bigcap_{n>0}φ^n(Γ)$ finite. The only known examples of such groups are virtually nilpotent, or equivalently, all examples have polynomial growth. A question by Nekrashevych and Pete asks whether these groups are the only possibilities for such endomorphisms, motivated by the positive answer due to Gromov in the special case of expanding group morphisms. In this paper, we study this question for the …
Let $G$ be a finite group with the property that if $a,b$ are powers of $δ_1^*$-commutators such that $(|a|,|b|)=1$, then $|ab|=|a||b|$. We show that $γ_{\infty}(G)$ is nilpotent.
Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ an elementary abelian group of order at least $q^3$ acting by automorphisms on a finite $q'$-group $G$. It is proved that if $|γ_{\infty}(C_{G}(a))|\leq m$ for any $a\in A^{\#}$, then the order of $γ_{\infty}(G)$ is $m$-bounded. If $F(C_{G}(a))$ has index at most $m$ in $C_G(a)$ for any $a \in A^{\#}$, then the index of $F_2(G)$ is $m$-bounded.
We compute the numbers g(n,2,2) of nilpotent groups of order n, of class at most 2 generated by at most 2 generators, by giving an explicit formula for the Dirichlet generating function \sum_{n=1}^\infty g(n,2,2)n^{-s}.
Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ a finite $q$-group of exponent $q$ acting by automorphisms on a finite $q'$-group $G$. Assume that $A$ has order at least $q^3$. We show that if $γ_{\infty} (C_{G}(a))$ has order at most $m$ for any $a \in A^{\#}$, then the order of $γ_{\infty} (G)$ is bounded solely in terms of $m$. If the Fitting subgroup of $C_{G}(a)$ has index at most $m$ for any $a \in A^{\#}$, then the second Fitting subgroup of $G$ has index bounded solely in terms of $m$.
Given a group $G$ and an automorphism $φ$ of $G$, two elements $x, y \in G$ are said to be $φ$-conjugate if $x = g y φ(g)^{-1}$ for some $g \in G$. The number of equivalence classes is the Reidemeister number $R(φ)$ of $φ$, and if $R(φ) = \infty$ for all automorphisms of $G$, then $G$ is said to have the $R_\infty$-property. A finite simple graph $Γ$ gives rise to the right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$, which has as generators the vertices of $Γ$ and as relations $vw = wv$ if and only if $v$ and $w$ are joined by an edge in $Γ$. We conjecture that all non-abelian right-angled Artin groups have the…
A group is said to have the $R_\infty$ property if every automorphism has an infinite number of twisted conjugacy classes. We study the question whether $G$ has the $R_\infty$ property when $G$ is a finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. As a consequence, we show that for every positive integer $n\ge 5$, there is a compact nilmanifold of dimension $n$ on which every homeomorphism is isotopic to a fixed point free homeomorphism. As a by-product, we give a purely group theoretic proof that the free group on two generators has the $R_\infty$ property. The $R_{\infty}$ property for virtu…
In this paper we study conjugacy and subgroup separability properties in the class of nilpotent $\mathbb{Q}[x]$-powered groups. Many of the techniques used to study these properties in the context of ordinary nilpotent groups carry over naturally to this more general class. Among other results, we offer a generalization of a theorem due to G. Baumslag. The generalized version states that if $G$ is a finitely $\mathbb{Q}[x]$-generated $\mathbb{Q}[x]$-torsion-free nilpotent $\mathbb{Q}[x]$-powered group and $H$ is a $\mathbb{Q}[x]$-isolated subgroup of $G,$ then for any prime $π\in \mathbb{Q}[x]…
Let $R(ϕ)$ be the number of $ϕ$-conjugacy (or Reidemeister) classes of an endomorphism $ϕ$ of a group $G$. We prove for several classes of groups (including polycyclic) that the number $R(ϕ)$ is equal to the number of fixed points of the induced map of an appropriate subspace of the unitary dual space $\widehat G$, when $R(ϕ)<\infty$. Applying the result to iterations of $ϕ$ we obtain Gauss congruences for Reidemeister numbers. In contrast with the case of automorphisms, studied previously, we have a plenty of examples having the above finiteness condition, even among groups with $R_\infty$ pr…
We study the speed of convergence to the asymptotic cone for Cayley graphs of nilpotent groups. Burago showed that $\{(\mathbb{Z}^d, \frac{1}{n} ρ,id)\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ converges to $(\mathbb{R}^d,d_{\infty},id)$ and its speed is $O(\frac{1}{n})$ in the sense of Gromov-Hausdorff distance. Later Breuillard and Le Donne gave estimates for non-abelian cases, and constructed an example whose speed of convergence is slower than $O(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}})$. For $2$-step nilpotent groups, we show that if the Mal'cev completion is non-singular, then the speed of convergence is $O(\frac{1}{n})$ for any c…
Let $ϕ:G\to G$ be an automorphism of an infinite group $G$. One has an equivalence relation $\sim_ϕ$ on $G$ defined as $x\sim_ϕy$ if there exists a $z\in G$ such that $y=zxϕ(z^{-1})$. The equivalence classes are called $ϕ$-twisted conjugacy classes and the set $G/\!\!\sim_ϕ$ of equivalence classes is denoted $\mathcal R(ϕ)$. The cardinality $R(ϕ)$ of $\mathcal R(ϕ)$ is called the Reidemeister number of $ϕ$. We write $R(ϕ)=\infty$ when $\mathcal R(ϕ)$ is infinite. We say that $G$ has the $R_\infty$-{\it property} if $R(ϕ)=\infty$ for every automorphism $ϕ$ of $G$. We show that the groups $G=GL_…
We show that any soluble group $G$ of type Bredon-$\FP_{\infty}$ with respect to the family of all virtually cyclic subgroups such that centralizers of infinite order elements are of type $\FP_{\infty}$ must be virtually cyclic. To prove this, we first reduce the problem to the case of polycyclic groups and then we show that a polycyclic-by-finite group with finitely many conjugacy classes of maximal virtually cyclic subgroups is virtually cyclic. Finally we discuss refinements of this result: we only impose the property Bredon-$\FP_n$ for some $n \leq 3$ and restrict to abelian-by-nilpotent, …
Let $g$ be an element of a group $G$. For a positive integer $n$, let $E_n(g)$ be the subgroup generated by all commutators $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$ over $x\in G$, where $g$ is repeated $n$ times. We prove that if $G$ is a profinite group such that for every $g\in G$ there is $n=n(g)$ such that $E_n(g)$ is finite, then $G$ has a finite normal subgroup $N$ such that $G/N$ is locally nilpotent. The proof uses the Wilson--Zelmanov theorem saying that Engel profinite groups are locally nilpotent. In the case of a finite group $G$, we prove that if, for some $n$, $|E_n(g)|\leq m$ for all $g\in G$,…
We introduce a model of random f.g., torsion-free, $2$-step nilpotent groups (in short, $τ_2$-groups). To do so, we show that these are precisely the groups that admit a presentation of the form $ \label{tau2pres_0}\langle A, C \mid [a_i, a_j]= \prod_t {\scriptstyle c_t^{\scriptscriptstyle λ_{t,i,j}}} \ (i< j), \ [A,C]=[C,C]=1\rangle,$ where $A=\{a_1, \dots, a_n\}$, and $C=\{c_1, \dots, c_m\}$. Hence, one may select a random $τ_2$-group $G$ by fixing $A$ and $C$, and then randomly choosing exponents $λ_{t,i,j}$ with $|λ_{t,i,j}|\leq \ell$, for some $\ell$. We prove that, if $m\geq n-1\geq 1$, …
The $R_\infty$-nilpotency degree of some lollipop GBS groups
UFES – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；IFSP – Instituto Federal de São Paulo（圣保罗联邦理工学院）；UFSCar – Universidade Federal de São Carlos（圣卡洛斯联邦大学）
The \emph{generating chromatic number} of a group $G$, $\chigen(G)$, is the maximum number of colors $k$ such that there is a monochromatic generating set for each coloring of the elements of $G$ in $k$ colors. If no such maximal $k$ exists, we set $\chigen(G)=\infty$. Equivalently, $\chigen(G)$ is the maximal number $k$ such that there is no cover of $G$ by proper subgroups ($\infty$ if there is no such maximal $k$). We provide characterizations, for arbitrary gruops, in the cases $\chigen(G)=\infty$ and $\chigen(G)=2$. For nilpotent groups (in particular, for abelian ones), all possible chro…
