Based on the recently introduced uniform $λ-$adjustment for closed subspaces of Banach spaces we extend the concept of the strictly singular and finitely strictly singular operators to the sequences of closed subspaces and operators in Banach spaces and prove theorems about lower semi--Fredholm stability. We also state some new open questions related to strict singularity and the geometry of Banach spaces.
We introduce a new concept of perturbation of closed linear subspaces and operators in Banach spaces called uniform lambda-adjustment which is weaker than perturbations by small gap, operator norm, q-norm, and K2-approximation. In arbitrary Banach spaces some of the classical Fredholm stability theorems remain true under uniform lambda-adjustment, while other fail. However, uniformly lambda-adjusted subspaces and linear operators retain their (semi--)Fredholm properties in a Banach space which dual is Fréchet-Urysohn in weak* topology. We also introduce another concept of perturbation called u…
In this paper, we present some common fixed point theorems for a commuting pair of mappings, including a generalized nonexpansive single valued mapping and a generalized nonexpansive multivalued mapping in strictly convex Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve some recent known results.
We present condition on higher order asymptotic behaviour of basic sequences in a Banach space ensuring the existence of bounded non-compact strictly singular operator on a subspace. We apply it in asymptotic $\ell_p$ spaces, $1\leq p<\infty$, in particular in convexified mixed Tsirelson spaces and related asymptotic $\ell_p$ HI spaces.
Extending recent results by Cascales, Kadets, Orihuela and Wingler (2016), Kadets and Zavarzina (2017), and Zavarzina (2017) we demonstrate that for every Banach space $X$ and every collection $Z_i, i\in I$ of strictly convex Banach spaces every non-expansive bijection from the unit ball of $X$ to the unit ball of sum of $Z_i$ by $\ell_1$ is an isometry.
It is shown that if a Banach space X has the weak Banach-Saks property and the weak fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings and Y satisfies property asymptotic (P) (which is weaker than the condition WCS(Y)>1), then the direct sum of X and Y endowed with a strictly monotone norm enjoys the weak fixed point property. The same conclusion is valid if X admits a 1-unconditional basis.
In this paper we deal with those Banach spaces $Z$ which satisfy the Mazur--Ulam property, namely that every surjective isometry $Δ$ from the unit sphere of $Z$ to the unit sphere of any Banach space $Y$ admits an unique extension to a surjective real-linear isometry from $Z$ to $Y$. We prove that for every countable set $Γ$ with $\vert Γ\vert \geq 2$, the Banach space $\bigoplus_{γ\in Γ}^{c_0} X_γ$ satisfies the Mazur--Ulam property, whenever the Banach space $X_γ$ is strictly convex with dim$((X_γ)_{\mathbb{R}})\geq 2$ for every $γ$. Moreover we prove that the Banach space $C_0(K,X)$ satisfi…
Let $X$ and $Y$ be separable Banach spaces and denote by $\sss\sss(X,Y)$ the subset of $\llll(X,Y)$ consisting of all strictly singular operators. We study various ordinal ranks on the set $\sss\sss(X,Y)$. Our main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, we define a new rank $\rs$ on $\sss\sss(X,Y)$. We show that $\rs$ is a co-analytic rank and that dominates the rank $\varrho$ introduced by Androulakis, Dodos, Sirotkin and Troitsky [Israel J. Math., 169 (2009), 221-250]. Secondly, for every $1\leq p<+\infty$ we construct a Banach space $Y_p$ with an unconditional basis such that $\sss\sss…
We give a simple example of a countable metric space $M$ that does not embed bi-Lipschitz with distortion strictly less than 2 into any Asplund space. Actually, if $M$ embeds with distortion strictly less than 2 to a Banach space $X$, then $X$ contains an isomorphic copy of $\ell_1$. We also show that the space $M$ does not embed with distortion strictly less than $2$ into $\ell_1$ itself but it does embed isometrically into a space that is isomorphic to $\ell_1$.
We explore the relation between lattice versions of strict singularity for operators from a Banach lattice to a Banach space. In particular, we study when the class of disjointly strictly singular operators, those not invertible on the span of any disjoint sequence, coincides with that of lattice strictly singular operators, i.e. those not invertible on any (infinite dimensional) sublattice. New results are given which help to clarify the existing relation between these two classes.
We construct a family $(\mathcal{X}_\al)_{\al\le ω_1}$ of reflexive Banach spaces with long transfinite bases but with no unconditional basic sequences. In our spaces $\mathcal{X}_\al$ every bounded operator $T$ is split into its diagonal part $D_T$ and its strictly singular part $S_T$.
We show that the perturbation class for the upper semi-Fredholm operators between two Banach spaces X and Y coincides with the strictly singular operators when X is subprojective and that the perturbation class for the lower semi-Fredholm operators coincides with the strictly cosingular operators when Y is superprojective. Similar results were previously obtained under stronger conditions for X and Y.
It is known that if $M$ is a finite-dimensional Banach space, or a strictly convex space, or the space $\ell_1$, then every non-expansive bijection $F: B_M \to B_M$ is an isometry. We extend these results to non-expansive bijections $F: B_E \to B_M$ between unit balls of two different Banach spaces. Namely, if $E$ is an arbitrary Banach space and $M$ is finite-dimensional or strictly convex, or the space $\ell_1$ then every non-expansive bijection $F: B_E \to B_M$ is an isometry.
V. D. Milman proved in \cite{Milman:70} that the product of two strictly singular operators on $L_p[0,1]$ ($1\le p<\infty$) or on $C[0,1]$ is compact. In this note we utilize Schreier families $§_ξ$ in order to define the class of $§_ξ$-strictly singular operators, and then we refine the technique of Milman to show that certain products of operators from this class are compact, under the assumption that the underlying Banach space has finitely many equivalence classes of Schreier-spreading sequences. Finally we define the class of $§_ξ$-hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces and we examine …
We prove that Banach spaces $\ell_1\oplus_2\mathbb{R}$ and $X\oplus_\infty Y$, with strictly convex $X$ and $Y$, have plastic unit balls (we call a metric space plastic if every non-expansive bijection from this space onto itself is an isometry).
The main result: the dual of separable Banach space $X$ contains a total subspace which is not norming over any infinite dimensional subspace of $X$ if and only if $X$ has a nonquasireflexive quotient space with the strictly singular quotient mapping.
The class of strictly singular operators originating from the dual of a separable Banach space is written as an increasing union of $ω_1$ subclasses which are defined using the Schreier sets. A question of J. Diestel, of whether a similar result can be stated for strictly cosingular operators, is studied.
A Banach space (or its norm) is said to have the diameter $2$ property (D$2$P in short) if every nonempty relatively weakly open subset of its closed unit ball has diameter $2$. We construct an equivalent norm on $L_1[0,1]$ which is weakly midpoint locally uniformly rotund and has the D$2$P. We also prove that for Banach spaces admitting a norm-one finite-co-dimensional projection it is impossible to be uniformly rotund in every direction and at the same time have the D$2$P.
Let $C$ be a closed convex cone in a Banach ideal space $X$ on a measurable space with a $σ$-finite measure. We prove that conditions $C\cap X_+=\{0\}$ and $C\supset -X_+$ imply the existence of a strictly positive continuous functional on $X$, whose restriction to $C$ is non-positive.
Steinhaus proved that given a~positive integer $n$, one may find a circle surrounding exactly $n$ points of the integer lattice. This statement has been recently extended to Hilbert spaces by Zwoleński, who replaced the integer lattice by any infinite set that intersects every ball in at most finitely many points. We investigate Banach spaces satisfying this property, which we call (S), and characterise them by means of a new geometric property of the unit sphere which allows us to show, e.g., that all strictly convex norms have (S), nonetheless, there are plenty of non-strictly convex norms s…
We prove that if $ C $ is a family of separable Banach spaces which is analytic with respect to the Effros-Borel structure and none member of $ C $ is isometrically universal for all separable Banach spaces, then there exists a separable Banach space with a monotone Schauder basis which is isometrically universal for $ C $ but still not for all separable Banach spaces. We also establish an analogous result for the class of strictly convex spaces.
Fixed a Banach operator ideal $\mathcal A$, we introduce and investigate two new approximation properties, which are strictly weaker than the bounded approximation property (BAP) for $\mathcal A$ of Lima, Lima and Oja (2010). We call them the weak BAP for $\mathcal A$ and the local BAP for $\mathcal A$, showing that the latter is in turn strictly weaker than the former. Under this framework, we address the question of approximation properties passing from dual spaces to underlying spaces. We relate the weak and local BAPs for $\mathcal A$ with approximation properties given by tensor norms and…
We show that a Banach space with numerical index one cannot enjoy good convexity or smoothness properties unless it is one-dimensional. For instance, it has no WLUR points in its unit ball, its norm is not Frechet smooth and its dual norm is neither smooth nor strictly convex. Actually, these results also hold if the space has the (strictly weaker) alternative Daugavet property. We construct a (non-complete) strictly convex predual of an infinite-dimensional $L_1$ space (which satisfies a property called lushness which implies numerical index~1). On the other hand, we show that a lush real Ban…
A space $X$ is said to be hereditarily indecomposable if no two (infinite dimensional) subspaces of $X$ are in a direct sum. In this paper, we show that if $X$ is a complex hereditarily indecomposable Banach space, then every operator from a subspace $Y$ of $X$ to $X$ is of the form $λI + S$, where $I$ is the inclusion map and $S$ is strictly singular.
Exploiting several $\ell_p$-factorization results for strictly singular operators, we study the strict singularity of the multiplication operator $L_A R_B\colon T\mapsto ATB$ on $\mathcal L(X)$ for various Banach spaces~$X$.
We construct an indecomposable reflexive Banach space $X_{ius}$ such that every infinite dimensional closed subspace contains an unconditional basic sequence. We also show that every operator $T\in \mathcal{B}(X_{ius})$ is of the form $λI+S$ with $S$ a strictly singular operator.
We give an overview of normality and conormality properties of pre-ordered Banach spaces. For pre-ordered Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ with closed cones we investigate normality of $B(X,Y)$ in terms of normality and conormality of the underlying spaces $X$ and $Y$. Furthermore, we define a class of ordered Banach spaces called quasi-lattices which strictly contains the Banach lattices, and we prove that every strictly convex reflexive ordered Banach space with a closed proper generating cone is a quasi-lattice. These spaces provide a large class of examples $X$ and $Y$ that are not Banach lattice…
We study the class of compact convex subsets of a topological vector space which admits a strictly convex and lower semicontinuous function. We prove that such a compact set is embeddable in a strictly convex dual Banach space endowed with its weak$^*$ topology. In addition, we find exposed points where a strictly convex lower semicontinuous function is continuous.
A new method of defining hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces is presented. This method provides a unified approach for constructing reflexive HI spaces and also HI spaces with no reflexive subspace. All the spaces presented here satisfy the property that the composition of any two strictly singular operators is a compact one. This yields the first known example of a Banach space with no reflexive subspace such that every operator has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace.
We construct a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space $\eqs_d$ with a Schauder basis \seq{e}{n} on which there exist strictly singular non-compact diagonal operators. Moreover, the space $\mc{L}_{\diag}(\eqs_d)$ of diagonal operators with respect to the basis \seq{e}{n} contains an isomorphic copy of $\ell_{\infty}(\N)$.
Megrelishvili defines \emph{light groups} of isomorphisms of a Banach space as the groups on which the Weak and Strong Operator Topologies coincide, and proves that every bounded group of isomorphisms of Banach spaces with the Point of Continuity Property (PCP) is light. We investigate this concept for isomorphism groups $G$ of classical Banach spaces $X$ without the PCP, specially isometry groups, and relate it to the existence of $G$-invariant LUR or strictly convex renormings of $X$.
We show that if a Banach space X has the weak fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings and Y has the generalized Gossez-Lami Dozo property or is uniformly convex in every direction, then the direct sum of X and Y with a strictly monotone norm has the weak fixed point property. The result is new even if Y is finite-dimensional.
We answer the question of W.T. Gowers, giving an example of a bounded operator on a subspace of Gowers unconditional space which is not a strictly singular perturbation of a restriction of a diagonal operator. We make some observations on operators in arbitrary tight by support Banach space, showing in particular that in such space no two isomorphic infinitely dimensional subspaces form a direct sum.
Using the notion of $S_ξ$-strictly singular operator introduced by Androulakis, Dodos, Sirotkin and Troitsky, we define an ordinal index on the subspace of strictly singular operators between two separable Banach spaces. In our main result, we provide a sufficient condition implying that this index is bounded by $ω_1$. In particular, we apply this result to study operators on totally incomparable spaces, hereditarily indecomposable spaces and spaces with few operators.
Two new Banach space moduli, that involve weak convergent sequences, are introduced. It is shown that if either one of these moduli are strictly less than 1 then the Banach space has Property($K$)
It is proved that, for each pair (m,n) of non-negative integers, there is a Banach space X for which the group K_0(B(X)) is isomorphic to m copies of the integers and the group K_1(B(X)) is isomorphic to n copies of the integers. Along the way we compute the K-groups of all closed ideals of operators contained in the ideal of strictly singular operators, and we derive some results about the existence of splittings of certain short exact sequences.
We prove that if T is a strictly singular 1-1 operator defined on an infinite dimensional Banach space X, then for every infinite dimensional subspace Y of X there exists an infinite dimensional subspace Z of Y such that Z contains orbits of T of every finite length and the restriction of T on Z is a compact operator.
We introduce Banach spaces of vector-valued random variables motivated from mathematical finance. So-called risk functionals are defined in a natural way on these Banach spaces and it is shown that these functionals are Lipschitz continuous. The risk functionals cannot be defined on strictly larger spaces of random variables which creates a particular interest for the spaces presented. We elaborate key properties of these Banach spaces and give representations of their dual spaces in terms of vector measures with values in the dual space of the state space.
Let $X$ be a complex Banach space and let $J:X \to X^*$ be a duality section on $X$ (i.e. $\langle x,J(x)\rangle=\|J(x)\|\|x\|=\|J(x)\|^2=\|x\|^2$). For any unit vector $x$ and any ($C_0$) contraction semigroup $T=\{e^{tA}:t \geq 0\}$, Goldstein proved that if $X$ is a Hilbert space and if $|\langle T(t) x,J(x)\rangle| \to 1 $ as $t \to \infty$, then $x$ is an eigenvector of $A$ corresponding to a purely imaginary eigenvalue. In this article, we prove the similar result holds if $X$ is a strictly convex complex Banach space.
In this paper we characterize Birkhoff-James orthogonality of linear operators defined on a finite dimensional real Banach space $ \mathbb{X}. $ We also explore the symmetry of Birkhoff-James orthogonality of linear operators defined on $ \mathbb{X}. $ Using some of the related results proved in this paper, we finally prove that $ T \in \mathbb{L}(l_{p}^2) (p \geq 2, p \neq \infty) $ is left symmetric with respect to Birkhoff-James orthogonality if and only if $ T $ is the zero operator. We conjecture that the result holds for any finite dimensional strictly convex and smooth real Banach space…
An operator $T$ from a Banach lattice $E$ into a Banach space is disjointly non-singular ($DN$-$S$, for short) if no restriction of $T$ to a subspace generated by a disjoint sequence is strictly singular. We obtain several results for $DN$-$S$ operators, including a perturbative characterization. For $E=L_p$ ($1< p<\infty$) we improve the results, and we show that the $DN$-$S$ operators have a different behavior in the cases $p=2$ and $p\neq 2$. As an application we prove that the strongly embedded subspaces of $L_p$ form an open subset in the set of all closed subspaces.
Trees are very agreeable objects to work with, offering a diversity of behaviour within a structure that is sufficiently simple to admit precise analysis. Thus we are able to offer fairly satisfactory necessary and sufficient conditions on a tree $Υ$ for the existence of equivalent LUR or strictly convex norms on $\C_0(Υ)$ and for norms with the Kadec Property. In particular, we show that for a {\sl finitely branching} tree $Υ$ the space $\C_0(Υ)$ admits a Kadec renorming. Since some finitely branching trees fail the condition for strictly convex renormability, we obtain an example of a Banach…
We introduce and study some operational quantities which characterize the disjointly non-singular operators from a Banach lattice $E$ to a Banach space $Y$ when $E$ is order continuous, and some other quantities which characterize the disjointly strictly singular operators for arbitrary $E$.
We introduce a new topological property called (*) and the corresponding class of topological spaces, which includes spaces with $G_δ$-diagonals and Gruenhage spaces. Using (*), we characterise those Banach spaces which admit equivalent strictly convex norms, and give an internal topological characterisation of those scattered compact spaces $K$, for which the dual Banach space $C(K)^*$ admits an equivalent strictly convex dual norm. We establish some relationships between (*) and other topological concepts, and the position of several well-known examples in this context. For instance, we show…
There exists a real hereditarily indecomposable Banach space $X$ such that the quotient space $L(X)/S(X)$ by strictly singular operators is isomorphic to the complex field (resp. to the quaternionic division algebra). Up to isomorphism, the example with complex quotient space has exactly two complex structures, which are conjugate, totally incomparable, and both hereditarily indecomposable. So there exist two Banach spaces which are isometric as real spaces but totally incomparable as complex spaces. This extends results of J. Bourgain and S. Szarek from 1986. The quaternionic example, on the …
An algebra A of operators on a Banach space X is called strictly semi-transitive if for all non-zero x,y in X there exists an operator S in A such that Sx=y or Sy=x. We show that if A is norm-closed and strictly semi-transitive, then every A-invariant linear subspace is norm-closed. Moreover, Lat A is totally and well ordered by reverse inclusion. If X is complex and A is transitive and strictly semi-transitive, then A is WOT-dense in L(X). It is also shown that if A is an operator algebra on a complex Banach space with no invariant operator ranges, then A is WOT-dense in L(X). This generalize…
Motivated by a problem stated by S.A.Argyros and Th. Raikoftsalis, we introduce a new class of Banach spaces. Namely, for a sequence of separable Banach spaces $(X_n,\|\cdot\|_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$, we define the Bourgain Delbaen $\mathcal{L}^{\infty}$-sum of the sequence $(X_n,\|\cdot\|_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ which is a Banach space $\mathcal{Z}$ constructed with the Bourgain-Delbaen method. In particular, for every $1\leq p<\infty$, taking $X_n=\ell_p$ for every $n\in\mathbb{N}$ the aforementioned space $\mathcal{Z}_p$ is strictly quasi prime and admits $\ell_p$ as a complemented subspace. We s…
We prove that if $X$ is a quasi-normed space which possesses an infinite countable dimensional subspace with a separating dual, then it admits a strictly weaker Hausdorff vector topology. Such a topology is constructed explicitly. As an immediate consequence, we obtain an improvement of a well-known result of Kalton-Shapiro and Drewnowski by showing that a quasi-Banach space contains a basic sequence if and only if it contains an infinite countable dimensional subspace whose dual is separating. We also use this result to highlight a new feature of the minimal quasi-Banach space constructed by …
The first part of this article is a brief survey of the properties of so-called almost interior points in ordered Banach spaces. Those vectors can be seen as a generalization of ``functions which are strictly positive almost everywhere'' on $L^p$-spaces and of ``quasi-interior points'' in Banach lattices. In the second part we study the long--term behaviour of strongly positive operator semigroups on ordered Banach spaces; these are semigroups which, in a sense, map every non-zero positive vector to an almost interior point. Using the Jacobs--de Leeuw--Glicksberg decomposition together with th…
