The generalized state space of a commutative C*-algebra, denoted S_H(C(X)), is the set of positive unital maps from C(X) to the algebra B(H) of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H. C*-convexity is one of several non-commutative analogs of convexity which have been discussed in this context. In this paper we show that a C*-extreme point of S_H(C(X)) satisfies a certain spectral condition on the operators in the range of the associated positive operator-valued measure. This result enables us to show that C*-extreme maps from C(X) into K^+, the algebra generated by the compact and scalar operators, are multiplicative. This generalizes a result of D. Farenick and P. Morenz. We then determine the structure of these maps.
Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a von Neumann algebra, and let $0<p,q\le\infty$. Then the space $\Hom_\mathcal{M}(L^p(\mathcal{M}),L^q(\mathcal{M}))$ of all right $\mathcal{M}$-module homomorphisms from $L^p(\mathcal{M})$ to $L^q(\mathcal{M})$ is a reflexive subspace of the space of all continuous linear maps from $L^p(\mathcal{M})$ to $L^q(\mathcal{M})$. Further, the space $\Hom_\mathcal{M}(L^p(\mathcal{M}),L^q(\mathcal{M}))$ is hyperreflexive in each of the following cases: (i) $1\le q<p\le\infty$; (ii) $1\le p,q\le\infty$ and $\mathcal{M}$ is injective, in which case the hyperreflexivity constant is a…
To each finite-dimensional operator space $E$ is associated a commutative operator algebra $UC(E)$, so that $E$ embeds completely isometrically in $UC(E)$ and any completely contractive map from $E$ to bounded operators on Hilbert space extends uniquely to a completely contractive homomorphism out of $UC(E)$. The unit ball of $UC(E)$ is characterized by a Nevanlinna factorization and transfer function realization. Examples related to multivariable von Neumann inequalities are discussed.
For a von Neumann algebra $\cal M$ with a faithful normal tracial state $τ$ and a positive ergodic homomorphism $α:\mathcal L^1(\mathcal M,τ)\to \mathcal L^1(\mathcal M,τ)$ such that $α$ does not increase the norm in $\mathcal M$ and $τ\circ α=τ$, we establish a non-commutative counterpart of the classical Wiener-Wintner Theorem.
In this paper, we consider the real rank zero $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras which can be written as an inductive limit of the Elliott-Thomsen building blocks and prove a decomposition result for the connecting homomorphisms; this technique will be used in the classification theorem.
In the current paper, we generalize the "compact operator" part of the Voiculescu's non-commutative Weyl-von Neumann theorem on approximate equivalence of unital $*$-homomorphisms of an commutative C$^*$ algebra $\mathcal{A}$ into a semifinite von Neumann algebra. A result of D. Hadwin for approximate summands of representations into a finite von Neumann factor $\mathcal{R}$ is also extended.
In this paper we characterize surjective isometries on certain classes of non-commutative spaces associated with semi-finite von Neumann algebras: the Lorentz spaces $L^{w,1}$, as well as the spaces $L^1+L^\infty$ and $L^1\cap L^\infty$. The technique used in all three cases relies on characterizations of the extreme points of the unit balls of these spaces. Of particular interest is that the representations of isometries obtained in this paper are global representations.
We show that the multiplier algebra of the Fourier algebra on a locally compact group $G$ can be isometrically represented on a direct sum on non-commutative $L^p$ spaces associated to the right von Neumann algebra of $G$. If these spaces are given their canonical Operator space structure, then we get a completely isometric representation of the completely bounded multiplier algebra. We make a careful study of the non-commutative $L^p$ spaces we construct, and show that they are completely isometric to those considered recently by Forrest, Lee and Samei; we improve a result about module homomo…
We prove that every weak-local derivation on a C$^*$-algebra is continuous, and the same conclusion remains valid for weak$^*$-local derivations on von Neumann algebras. We further show that weak-local derivations on C$^*$-algebras and weak$^*$-local derivations on von Neumann algebras are derivations. We also study the connections between bilocal derivations and bilocal $^*$-automorphism with our notions of extreme-strong-local derivations and automorphisms.
Motivated by importance of operator spaces contained in the set of all scalar multiples of isometries ($MI$-spaces) in a separable Hilbert space for $C^*$-algebras and E-semigroups we exhibit more properties of such spaces. For example, if an $MI$-space contains an isometry with shift part of finite multiplicity, then it is one-dimensional. We propose a simple model of a unilateral shift of arbitrary multiplicity and show that each separable subspace of a Hilbert space is the range of a shift. Also, we show that $MI$-spaces are non-symmetric, very unfriendly to multiplication, and prove a Comm…
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra. We call a pair $(G, B)$ a Gelfand theory for $A$ if the following axioms are satisfied: (G 1) $B$ is a $C^\ast$-algebra, and $G : A \to B$ is a homomorphism; (G 2) the assignment $L \mapsto G^{-1}(L)$ is a bijection between the sets of maximal modularleft ideals of $B$ and $A$, respectively; (G 3) for each maximal modular left ideal $L$ of $B$, the linear map $G_L : A / G^{-1}(L) \to B /L $ induced by $B$ has dense range. The Gelfand theory of a commutative Banach algebra is easily seen to be characterized by these axioms. Gelfand theories of arbitrary Banach algeb…
We classify unital monomorphisms into certain simple Z-stable C^*-algebras up to approximate unitary equivalence. The domain algebra C is allowed to be any unital separable commutative C^*-algebra, or any unital simple separable nuclear Z-stable C^*-algebra satisfying the UCT such that C\otimes B is of tracial rank zero for a UHF algebra B. The target algebra A is allowed to be any unital simple separable Z-stable C^*-algebra such that A\otimes B has tracial rank zero for a UHF algebra B, or any unital simple separable exact Z-stable C^*-algebra whose projections separate traces and whose extr…
We aim to characterize the category of injective *-homomorphisms between commutative C*-subalgebras of a given C*-algebra A. We reduce this problem to finding a weakly terminal commutative subalgebra of A, and solve the latter for various C*-algebras, including all commutative ones and all type I von Neumann algebras. This addresses a natural generalization of the Mackey-Piron programme: which lattices are those of closed subspaces of Hilbert space? We also discuss the way this categorified generalization differs from the original question.
It is easy to see that every character (i.e. unital *-homomorphism to the complex numbers) of a commutative unital associative *-algebra is a pure state (i.e. extreme point in the convex set of all normalized positive linear functionals). This article gives sufficient conditions for the converse to be true as well. In order to formulate these results together with similar ones, e.g. for locally convex *-algebras, the notion of an abstract O*-algebra (unital associative *-algebra with an order defined by positive linear functionals) is introduced. Many concepts and intermediary results discusse…
We develop a completely bounded counterpart to the non-commutative Choquet boundary of an operator space. We show how the class of completely bounded linear maps is too large to accommodate our purposes. To overcome this obstacle, we isolate the subset of completely bounded linear maps on an operator space admitting a dilation of the same norm which is multiplicative on the generated $C^*$-algebra. We view such maps as analogues of the familiar unital completely contractive maps, and we exhibit many of their structural properties. Of particular interest to us are those maps which are extremal …
Let $A$ and $B$ be C*-algebras and $φ\colon A\to B$ be a $*$-homomorphism. We discuss the properties of the kernel and (co-)image of the induced map $\mathrm{K}_{0}(φ)\colon \mathrm{K}_{0}(A) \to \mathrm{K}_{0}(B)$ on the level of K-theory. In particular, we are interested in the case that the co-image is torsion free, and show that it holds when $A$ and $ B $ are commutative and unital, $B$ has real rank zero, and $φ$ is unital and injective. We also show that $ A$ is embeddable in $B$ if $ \mathrm{K}_{0}(φ)$ is injective and $A$ has stable rank one and real rank zero.
The algebra $Ψ(M)$ of order zero pseudodifferential operators on a compact manifold $M$ defines a well-known $C^*$-extension of the algebra $C(S^*M)$ of continuous functions on the cospherical bundle $S^*M\subset T^*M$ by the algebra $\K$ of compact operators. In his proof of the index theorem, Higson defined and used an asymptotic homomorphism $T$ from $C_0(T^*M)$ to $\K$, which plays the role of a deformation for the commutative algebra $C_0(T^*M)$. Similar constructions exist also for operators and symbols with coefficients in a $C^*$-algebra. We show that the image of the above extension u…
The full Fock space over $\mathbb C ^d$ can be identified with the free Hardy space, $H^2 (\mathbb B ^d _\mathbb N)$ - the unique non-commutative reproducing kernel Hilbert space corresponding to a non-commutative Szegö kernel on the non-commutative, multi-variable open unit ball $\mathbb B ^d _\mathbb N := \bigsqcup _{n=1} ^\infty \left( \mathbb C^{n\times n} \otimes \mathbb C ^d \right) _1$. Elements of this space are free or non-commutative functions on $\mathbb B ^d _\mathbb N$. Under this identification, the full Fock space is the canonical non-commutative and several-variable analogue of…
A positive linear operator $T$ between two unital $f$-algebras, with point separating order duals, $A$ and $B$ is called a Markov operator for which $% T\left( e_{1}\right) =e_{2}$ where $e_{1},e_{2}$ are the identities of $A$ and $B$ respectively. Let $A$ and $B$ be semiprime $f$-algebras with point separating order duals such that their second order duals $A^{\sim \sim }$ and $B^{\sim \sim }$ are unital $f$-algebras. In this case, we will call a positive linear operator $T:A\rightarrow B$ \ to be a Pre-Markov operator, if the second adjoint operator of $T$ is a Markov operator. A positive li…
Let $A$ be a unital Banach algebra. We give a characterization of the left Banach $A$-modules $X$ for which there exists a commutative unital $C^*$-algebra $C(K)$, a linear isometry $i\colon X\to C(K)$, and a contractive unital homomorphism $θ\colon A\to C(K)$ such that $i(a\cdotp x) =θ(a)i(x)$ for any $a\in A, x\in X$. We then deduce a "commutative" version of the Christensen-Effros-Sinclair characterization of operator bimodules. In the last section of the paper, we prove a $w^*$-version of the latter characterization, which generalizes some previous work of Effros and Ruan.
Let ${\sf CK}_{*}$ denote the C$^{*}$-algebra defined by the direct sum of all Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We introduce a comultiplication $Δ_ϕ$ and a counit $ε$ on ${\sf CK}_{*}$ such that $Δ_ϕ$ is a nondegenerate $*$-homomorphism from ${\sf CK}_{*}$ to ${\sf CK}_{*}\otimes {\sf CK}_{*}$ and $ε$ is a $*$-homomorphism from ${\sf CK}_{*}$ to ${\bf C}$. From this, ${\sf CK}_{*}$ is a counital non-commutative non-cocommutative C$^{*}$-bialgebra. Furthermore, C$^{*}$-bialgebra automorphisms, a tensor product of representations and C$^{*}$-subbialgebras of ${\sf CK}_{*}$ are investigated.
We study new classes of linear preservers between C$^*$-algebras and JB$^*$-triples. Let $E$ and $F$ be JB$^*$-triples with $\partial_{e} (E_1)$. We prove that every linear map $T:E\to F$ strongly preserving Brown-Pedersen quasi-invertible elements is a triple homomorphism. Among the consequences, we establish that, given two unital C$^*$-algebras $A$ and $B,$ for each linear map $T$ strongly preserving Brown-Pedersen quasi-invertible elements, then there exists a Jordan $^*$-homomorphism $S: A\to B$ satisfying $T(x) = T(1) S(x)$, for every $x\in A$. We also study the connections between linea…
A functor from the category of directed trees with inclusions to the category of commutative C*-algebras with injective *-homomorphisms is constructed. This is used to define a functor from the category of directed graphs with inclusions to the category of C*-algebras with injective *-homomorphisms. The resulting C*-algebras are identified as Toeplitz graph algebras. Graph algebras are proved to have inductive limit decompositions over any family of subgraphs with union equal to the whole graph. The construction is used to prove various structural properties of graph algebras.
It is shown how to use non-commutative stopping times in order to stop the CCR flow of arbitrary index and also its isometric cocycles, i.e., left operator Markovian cocycles on Boson Fock space. Stopping the CCR flow yields a homomorphism from the semigroup of stopping times, equipped with the convolution product, into the semigroup of unital endomorphisms of the von Neumann algebra of bounded operators on the ambient Fock space. The operators produced by stopping cocycles themselves satisfy a cocycle relation.
In this article we characterize the extreme points of the unit ball of a non-commutative (quantum) Lorentz space associated with a semi-finite von Neumann algebra. This enables us to show that surjective isometries between non-commutative Lorentz spaces are projection disjointness preserving and finiteness preserving, which facilitates a characterization of the structure of these isometries.
Based on results of Harding, Heunen, Lindenhovius and Navara, (2019), we give a connection between the category of AW*-algebras and their normal Jordan homomorphisms and a category COG of orthogemetries, which are structures that are somewhat similar to projective geometries, consisting of a set of points and a set of lines, where each line contains exactly 3 points. They are constructed from the commutative AW*-subalgebras of an AW*-algebra that have at most an 8-element Boolean algebra of projections. Morphisms between orthogemetries are partial functions between their sets of points as in p…
A pro-C^*-algebra is a (projective) limit of C^*-algebras in the category of topological *-algebras. From the perspective of non-commutative geometry, pro-C^*-algebras can be seen as non-commutative k-spaces. An element of a pro-C^*-algebra is bounded if there is a uniform bound for the norm of its images under any continuous *-homomorphism into a C^*-algebra. The *-subalgebra consisting of the bounded elements turns out to be a C^*-algebra. In this paper, we investigate pro-C^*-algebras from a categorical point of view. We study the functor (-)_b that assigns to a pro-C^*-algebra the C^*-alge…
We show that no faithful functor from the category of Hilbert spaces with linear isometries into the category of sets preserves directed colimits. Thus Hilbert spaces cannot form an abstract elementary class, even up to change of language. We deduce an analogous result for the category of commutative unital $C^\ast$-algebras with $\ast$-homomorphisms. This implies, in particular, that this category is not axiomatizable by a first-order theory, a strengthening of a conjecture of Bankston.
