A frustrated Ising model on a diamond hierarchical lattice is studied. We obtain the exact partition function of this model and calculate the transition temperature, specific heat, entropy, magnetization, and ferromagnetic correlation function. Depending on the magnitude of a parameter giving the frustration, there exist three types of ground states: ferromagnetic, classical spin-liquid with highly developed short-range order, and paramagnetic. The dependence of the zero-temperature entropy on the frustration parameter has an infinite number of steps. The temperature dependence of the specific heat exhibits many peaks with decreasing temperature and entropy loss. The dominant spin configurations at low temperatures are also specified.
Phase transitions of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on several decorated planar lattices consisting of interconnected diamonds are investigated within the framework of the generalized decoration-iteration transformation. The main attention is paid to the systematic study of the finite-temperature phase diagrams in dependence on the lattice topology. The critical behaviour of the hybrid quantum-classical Ising-Heisenberg model is compared with the relevant behaviour of its semi-classical Ising analogue. It is shown that both models on diamond-like decorated planar lattices…
We report on the development of two dual worm constructions that lead to cluster algorithms for efficient and ergodic Monte Carlo simulations of frustrated Ising models with arbitrary two-spin interactions that extend up to third-neighbours on the triangular lattice. One of these algorithms generalizes readily to other frustrated systems, such as Ising antiferromagnets on the Kagome lattice with further neighbour couplings. We characterize the performance of both these algorithms in a challenging regime with power-law correlations at finite wavevector.
We introduce a Generalized Loop Move (GLM) update for Monte Carlo simulations of frustrated Ising models on two-dimensional lattices with bond-sharing plaquettes. The GLM updates are designed to enhance Monte Carlo sampling efficiency when the system's low-energy states consist of an extensive number of degenerate or near-degenerate spin configurations, separated by large energy barriers to single spin flips. Through implementation on several frustrated Ising models, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the GLM updates in cases where both degenerate and near-degenerate sets of configurations ar…
We consider by means of Monte Carlo simulations the relaxation in the paramagnetic phase of the anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice and of a fully-frustrated Ising model on a square lattice. In contradistinction to previous studies of the second model, we show that spin-spin correlation functions do not decay with a stretched-exponential law at low temperature but that both models display an exponential decay with logarithmic corrections that are interpreted as the signature of topological defects.
We show in this paper the results on the phase transition of the so-called fully frustrated simple cubic lattice with the Ising spin model. We use here the Monte Carlo method with the flat energy-histogram Wang-Landau technique which is very powerful to detect weak first-order phase transition. We show that the phase transition is clearly of first order, providing a definite answer to a question raised 25 years ago.
We study the dynamics of the critical two-dimensional fully-frustrated Ising model by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamical exponent is estimated at equilibrium and is shown to be compatible with the value $z_c=2$. In a second step, the system is prepared in the paramagnetic phase and then quenched at its critical temperature $T_c=0$. Numerical evidences for the existence of logarithmic corrections in the aging regime are presented. These corrections may be related to the topological defects observed in other fully-frustrated models. The autocorrelation exponent is estimated to be $λ…
Ground-state phase diagram of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on doubly decorated planar lattices is examined using the generalized decoration-iteration transformation. The main attention is devoted to the comparison of the ground-state properties of the quantum Ising-Heisenberg model and its semi-classical Ising analogue.
The critical relaxation from the low-temperature ordered state of the three-dimensional fully frustrated Ising model on a simple cubic lattice has been studied using the short time dynamics method. Particles with the periodic boundary conditions containing N = 262144 spins have been studied. Calculations have been performed by the standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. The static critical exponents of the magnetization and correlation radius have been obtained. The dynamic critical exponent of the model under study has been calculated.
Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we clarify the critical behaviour of the 3 dimensional simple cubic Ising Fully Frustrated system. We find two transition temperatures and two long range ordered phases. Within the present numerical accuracy, the transition at higher temperature is found to be second order and we have extracted the standard critical exponent using finite size scaling method. On the other hand, the transition at lower temperature is found to be first order. It is argued that entropy plays a major role on determining the low temperature state.
We study a 3-dimensional Ising model in which the tendency to order due to short-range ferromagnetic interactions is frustrated by competing long-range (Coulombic) interactions. Complete ferromagnetic ordering is impossible for any nonzero value of the frustration parameter, but the system displays a variety of phases characterized by periodically modulated structures. We have performed extensive Monte-Carlo simulations which provide strong evidence that the microphase separation transition between paramagnetic and modulated phases is a fluctuation-induced first-order transition. Additional tr…
The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the triangulated Kagome (triangles-in-triangles) lattice is exactly solved by establishing a precise mapping correspondence to the simple spin-1/2 Ising model on Kagome lattice. It is shown that the disordered spin liquid state, which otherwise occurs in the ground state of this frustrated spin system on assumption that there is a sufficiently strong antiferromagnetic intra-trimer interaction, is eliminated from the ground state by arbitrary but non-zero Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy.
We investigate a frustrated Ising spin system on the garnet lattice composed of a specific network of corner-sharing triangles. By means of Monte Carlo simulations with the heat bath algorithm, we discuss the magnetic properties at finite temperatures. It is shown that the garnet spin system with the nearest-neighbor couplings does not exhibit any magnetic transitions, yielding the large residual entropy at zero temperature. We also investigate the effect of the long-range dipolar interaction systematically to determine the phase diagram of the Ising model on the garnet lattice. We find that t…
Thermal entanglement of a geometrically frustrated spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster is examined within the framework of the exact diagonalization method by computing the measure of entanglement negativity. The calculated exact analytical results are applied in order to obtain theoretical prediction of the robustness of bipartite thermal entanglement of the tetranuclear nickel complex [Ni4(CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 (aetpy = 2-aminoethyl-pyridine) against rising temperature and magnetic field.
The geometrically frustrated spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on triangulated Husimi lattices is exactly solved by combining the generalized star-triangle transformation with the method of exact recursion relations. The ground-state and finite-temperature phase diagrams are rigorously calculated along with both sublattice magnetizations of the Ising and Heisenberg spins. It is evidenced that the Ising-Heisenberg model on triangulated Husimi lattices with two or three inter-connected triangles-in-triangles units displays in a highly frustrated region a quantum disorder irrespective of temperatur…
Here we consider the Ising-Heisenberg model in the expanded Kagomé lattice, also known as triangle-dodecagon (3-12) or star lattice. This model can still be understood as a decorated honeycomb lattice. Assuming that the Heisenberg spins are at the vertices of the triangle while other spins are of the Ising type. Thus, this model is equivalent to an effective Kagomé Ising lattice, through the decoration transformation technique. Thus this means that the model is exactly solvable so we can study the most relevant properties of this model. Like the phase diagram at zero temperature, exhibiting a …
The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg ferromagnet on the decorated triangular lattice consisting of inter-connected diamonds is investigated within the framework of an exact decoration-iteration mapping transformation. It is shown that the diamond-like decoration by a couple of the Heisenberg spins gives rise to a diverse critical behaviour including reentrant phase transitions with two consecutive critical points.
The ground state and the thermodynamics of a spin-1/2 asymmetric diamond Ising--Heisenberg chain are considered. For the $XYZ$ anisotropic Heisenberg interaction, the exact calculations of the free energy, entropy, heat capacity, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility are performed using the method of decoration-iteration transformation. In the case of antiferromagnetic interactions (Ising and $XXZ$ anisotropic Heisenberg ones), the ground state, magnetization process, temperature dependence of the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity are investigated. The influence of…
Through the direct decoration transformation approach, we obtain a general solution for the pentagonal Ising model, showing its equivalence to the isotropic free-fermion eight-vertex model. We study the ground-state phase diagram, in which one ferromagnetic (FM) state, one ferrimagnetic (FIM) state, and one frustrated state are found. Using the exact solution of the pentagonal Ising model, we discuss the finite-temperature phase diagrams and find a phase transition between the FIM state and the disordered state as well as a phase transition between the disordered state and the FM state. We als…
The phase transitions occurring in the frustrated Ising square antiferromagnet with first- ($J_1 < 0$) and second- ($J_2 < 0$) nearest-neighbor interactions are studied within the framework of the effective-field theory with correlations based on the different cluster sizes and for a wide range of $R = J_2/|J_1|$. Despite the simplicity of the model, it has proved difficult to precisely determine the order of the phase transitions. In contrast to the previous effective-field study, we have found a first-order transition line in the region close to $R = -0.5$ not only between the superantiferro…
Critical and in the highly frustrated regime also dynamical properties of the $J_1-J_2$ Ising model with competing nearest-neighbor $J_1$ and second-nearest-neighbor $J_2$ interactions on a honeycomb lattice are investigated by standard Monte Carlo and parallel tempering simulations. The phase boundary is determined as a function of the coupling ratio for the phase transition between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states within $R \equiv J_2/|J_1| \in [-1/4,0]$. It is confirmed that at least for $R \geq -0.2$ the transition remains second-order and complies with the standard Ising universa…
The symmetric spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain with different Landé g-factors of Ising and Heisenberg spins is exactly solved by combining the generalized decoration-iteration transformation and transfer-matrix method. The ground state of the system and magnetocaloric effect during the adiabatic (de)magnetization are particularly examined. It is evidenced that the considered mixed-spin diamond chain exhibits an enhanced magnetocaloric effect during the adiabatic (de)magnetization in the vicinity of field-induced phase transitions as well as in the zero-field limit if the frustrated phas…
We study the thermal phase transitions of the four-fold degenerate phases (the plaquette and single stripe states) in two-dimensional frustrated Ising model on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice using Monte Carlo simulations. The critical Ashkin-Teller-like behavior is identified both in the parameter regions with the plaquette and single stripe phases, respectively. The four-state Potts-critical end points differentiating the continuous transitions from the first-order ones are estimated based on finite-size scaling analyses. Furthermore, similar behavior of the transition to the four-fold single…
The entanglement between spin-1/2 interstitial Heisenberg dimers in the mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising-XXZ double sawtooth ladder is investigated at low temperature. Here, we consider a cyclic four-spin exchange interaction in square plaquette of each block, and investigate the effects of this amazing interaction on the bipartite entanglement between spin-1/2 interstitial dimers. Interestingly, we observe a remarkable difference in concurrence behavior with respect to the cyclic four-spin exchange interaction and magnetic field. Also, the critical points at which the concurrence vanishes are changed…
The spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain in a magnetic field is exactly solved by a rigorous treatment based on the transfer-matrix method. An exact ground-state phase diagram includes in total three unconventional quantum ground states with a quantum entanglement of the decorating spin-1 Heisenberg dimers apart from two ground states with a classical spin arrangement. It is evidenced that all three values of the magnetization allowed for the spin-1 diamond chain without translationally broken symmetry by the Oshikawa-Yamanaka-Affleck criterion can become evident in an outstanding stepwise ma…
Magnetizations of ferro- and antiferromagnetic Ising models with frustration on diamond hierarchical lattices are exactly obtained at zero temperature. For the zero-field classical spin-liquid phase found in [Kobayashi {\it et al}, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 074004 (2009) ], for which frustrating interactions play an important role, an infinitely small applied magnetic field can induce an infinitely small magnetization, despite classical Ising models that have discrete energy levels. In antiferromagnetic systems, the magnetization cannot saturate under finite magnetic fields owing to the competiti…
The mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising-Heisenberg model on a distorted diamond chain with the spin-1 nodal atoms and the spin-1/2 interstitial atoms is exactly solved by the transfer-matrix method. An influence of the geometric spin frustration and the parallelogram distortion on the ground state, magnetization, susceptibility and specific heat of the mixed-spin Ising-Heisenberg distorted diamond chain are investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that the zero-temperature magnetization curve may involve intermediate plateaus just at zero and one-half of the saturation magnetization. The temperature de…
The spin-1/2 Ising diamond chain in a magnetic field displays a remarkable pseudo-transition whenever it is driven sufficiently close to a ground-state phase boundary between a classical ferrimagnetic phase and a highly degenerate frustrated phase. The pseudo-transition of the spin-1/2 Ising diamond chain relates to intense thermal excitations from a nondegenerate ferrimagnetic ground state to a highly degenerate manifold of excited states with a frustrated character, which are responsible for an anomalous behavior of thermodynamic quantities. Temperature dependences of entropy and specific he…
Magnetization process of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain is examined by combining three exact analytical techniques: Kambe projection method, decoration-iteration transformation and transfer-matrix method. Multiple frustration-induced plateaus in a magnetization process of this geometrically frustrated system are found provided that a relative ratio between the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg- and Ising-type interactions exceeds some particular value. By contrast, there is just a single magnetization plateau if the frustrating Heisenberg interaction is sufficiently …
We present a mean field analysis of a fully frustrated Ising spin model on an Ising lattice gas. This is equivalent to a degenerate Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with frustration, which we analyze for different values of the quadrupolar interaction. This model might be useful in the study of structural glasses and related systems with disorder.
We use the effective-field theory with correlations based on different cluster sizes to investigate phase diagrams of the frustrated Ising antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice with isotropic interactions of the strength $J_1 < 0$ between nearest-neighbour pairs and $J_2 < 0$ between next-nearest neighbour pairs of spins. We present results for the ground-state energy as a function of the frustration parameter $R = J_2 /|J_1|$. We find that the cluster-size has a considerable effect on the existence and location of a tricritical point in the phase diagram at which the phase transition chang…
Magnetic frustrations and dimensionality play an important role in determining the nature of the magnetic long-range order and how it melts at temperatures above the ordering transition $T_N$. In this work, we use large-scale Monte Carlo simulations to study these phenomena in a class of frustrated Ising spin models in two spatial dimensions. We find that the melting of the magnetic long-range order into an isotropic gas-like paramagnet proceeds via an intermediate stage where the classical spins remain anisotropically correlated. This correlated paramagnet exists in a temperature range $T_N <…
We have investigated by Monte-Carlo simulation the phase diagram of a three-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions and small, but long-range (Coulombic) antiferromagnetic interactions. We have developed an efficient cluster algorithm and used different lattice sizes and geometries, which allows us to obtain the main characteristics of the temperature-frustration phase diagram. Our finite-size scaling analysis confirms that the melting of the lamellar phases into the paramgnetic phase is driven first-order by the fluctuations. Transitions between ordered phases…
The ground state and thermodynamics of a generalized spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain with the second-neighbor interaction between nodal spins are calculated exactly using the mapping method based on the decoration-iteration transformation. Rigorous results for the magnetization, susceptibility, and heat capacity are investigated in dependence on temperature and magnetic field for the frustrated diamond spin chain with the antiferromagnetic Ising and Heisenberg interactions. It is demonstrated that the second-neighbor interaction between nodal spins gives rise to a greater diversity of …
The study of frustrated spin systems often requires time-consuming numerical simulations. As the simplest approach, the classical Ising model is often used to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of such systems. Exploiting the small correlation lengths in frustrated Ising systems, we develop a method for obtaining a first approximation to the energetic properties of frustrated two-dimensional Ising systems using small networks of less than 30 spins. These small networks allow much faster numerical simulations, and more importantly, analytical calculation of the properties from the partition…
The mixed spin-(1/2, 1) Ising model on two fully frustrated triangles-in-triangles lattices is exactly solved with the help of the generalized star-triangle transformation, which establishes a rigorous mapping correspondence with the equivalent spin-1/2 Ising model on a triangular lattice. It is shown that the mutual interplay between the spin frustration and single-ion anisotropy gives rise to various spontaneously ordered and disordered ground states, which differ mainly in an occurrence probability of the non-magnetic spin state of the integer-valued decorating spins. We have convincingly e…
Ground-state and finite-temperature behaviour of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on decorated planar lattices consisting of inter-connected diamonds is investigated by means of the generalised decoration-iteration mapping transformation. The obtained exact results clearly point out that this model has a rather complex ground state composed of two unusual quantum phases, which is valid regardless of the lattice topology as well as the spatial dimensionality of the investigated system. It is shown that the diamond-like decorated planar lattices with a sufficiently high coord…
Ground state and thermodynamics of geometrically frustrated spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on two different but topologically related triangles-in-triangles lattices is investigated in particular. A rigorous mapping based on generalized star-triangle transformations enables one to derive exact analytical results for the free and internal energy, spontaneous magnetization, entropy and specific heat from the known exact results for the corresponding spin-1/2 Ising model on a triangular lattice. It is demonstrated that several unconventional quantum ordered and disordered phases may become the g…
We apply a set of machine-learning (ML) techniques for the global exploration of the phase diagrams of two frustrated 2D Ising models with competing interactions. Based on raw Monte Carlo spin configurations generated for random system parameters, we apply principal-component analysis (PCA) and auto-encoders to achieve dimensionality reduction, followed by clustering using the DBSCAN method and a support-vector machine classifier to construct the transition lines between the distinct phases in both models. The results are in very good agreement with available exact solutions, with the auto-enc…
The exactly solvable spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on diamond chain has been considered. We have found the exact results for the magnetization by using recursion relation method. The existence of the magnetization plateau has been observed at one third of the saturation magnetization in the antiferromagnetic case. Some ground-state properties of the model are examined. At low temperatures, the system has two ferrimagnetic (FRI1 and FRI2) phases and one paramagnetic (PRM) phase. Lyapunov exponents for the various values of the exchange parameters and temperatures have been analyzed. It have a…
We consider the diamond chain with S=1/2 XYZ vertical dimers which interact with the intermediate sites via the interaction of the Ising type. We also suppose all four spins form the diamond-shaped plaquette to have different g-factors. The non-uniform g-factors within the quantum spin dimer as well as the XY-anisotropy of the exchange interaction lead to the non-conserving magnetization for the chain. We analyze the effects of non-conserving magnetization as well as the effects of the appearance of negative g-factors among the spins from the unit cell. A number of unusual frustrated states fo…
The spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain with the second-neighbor interaction between the nodal spins is rigorously solved using the transfer-matrix method. Exact results for the ground state, magnetization process and specific heat are presented and discussed in particular. It is shown that the further-neighbor interaction between the nodal spins gives rise to three novel ground states with a translationally broken symmetry, but at the same time, it does not increases the total number of intermediate plateaus in a zero-temperature magnetization curve compared with the simplified model withou…
We consider two fully frustrated Ising models: the antiferromagnetic triangular model in a field of strength, $h=H T k_B$, as well as the Villain model on the square lattice. After a quench from a disordered initial state to T=0 we study the nonequilibrium dynamics of both models by Monte Carlo simulations. In a finite system of linear size, $L$, we define and measure sample dependent "first passage time", $t_r$, which is the number of Monte Carlo steps until the energy is relaxed to the ground-state value. The distribution of $t_r$, in particular its mean value, $< t_r(L) >$, is shown to obey…
Thermodynamic and magnetocaloric properties of geometrically frustrated Ising spin clusters of selected shapes and sizes are studied by exact enumeration. In the ground state the magnetization and the entropy show step-wise variations with an applied magnetic field. The number of steps, their widths and heights depend on the cluster shape and size. While the character of the magnetization plateau heights is always increasing, the entropy is not necessarily decreasing function of the field, as one would expect. For selected clusters showing some interesting ground-state properties, the calculat…
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of geometrically frustrated antiferromagnetic Ising (IA) and ferromagnetic spin ice (SI) models on a nanocluster with a `Star of David' topology, including next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions, are studied by an exact enumeration. In an external field applied in characteristic directions of the respective models, depending on the NNN interaction sign and magnitude, the ground state magnetization of the IA model is found to display up to three intermediate plateaus at fractional values of the saturation magnetization, while the SI model shows only one …
We discuss three exactly solvable spin models of geometric frustration. First, we discuss a 1-parameter subfamily of the 16 vertex model, which can be mapped to a planar Ising model and solved via Fisher-Dubedát decorations. We then consider a 1-parameter family generalization of the Villain's fully frustrated model, which interpolates between Onsager's 2D Ising model and the Villain one. We then discuss spin ice models on a tree, which can be solved exactly using recursions \textit{a lá Bethe}.
We investigate the role of a transverse field on the Ising square antiferromagnet with first-($J_1$) and second-($J_2$) neighbor interactions. Using a cluster mean-field approach, we provide a telltale characterization of the frustration effects on the phase boundaries and entropy accumulation process emerging from the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations. We found that the paramagnetic (PM) and antiferromagnetic phases are separated by continuous phase transitions. On the other hand, continuous and discontinuous phase transitions, as well as tricriticality, are observed in the p…
We study the nature of a low-temperature phase in the frustrated honeycomb-lattice Ising model with first- and second-neighbor antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions, $J_1$ and $J_2$, respectively, for $R = J_2/J_1 > 1/4$. It is known that for $R < 1/4$ there is a phase transition at low temperatures to the AF phase. Nevertheless, little is known about the critical behavior of the model for $R > 1/4$, except for recent effective field results which detected no phase transition down to zero temperature. Our Monte Carlo results suggest that for $R > 1/4$ there is at least one peculiar phase transit…
We propose a novel four-coloring model which describes "frustrated superfluidity" of $p$-band bosons in the diamond optical lattice. The superfluid phases of the condensate wavefunctions on the diamond-lattice bonds are mapped to four distinct colors at low temperatures. The fact that a macroscopic number of states satisfy the constraints that four differently colored bonds meet at the same site leads to an extensive degeneracy in the superfluid ground state at the classical level. We demonstrate that the phase of the superfluid wavefunction as well as the orbital angular momentum correlations…
It is evidenced that effective lattice-gas models of hard-core monomers and dimers afford a proper description of low-temperature features of spin-1/2 Heisenberg diamond and octahedral chains. Besides monomeric particles assigned within the localized-magnon theory to bound one- and two-magnon eigenstates, the effective monomer-dimer lattice-gas model additionally includes dimeric particles assigned to a singlet-tetramer (singlet-hexamer) state as a cornerstone of dimer-tetramer (tetramer-hexamer) ground state of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg diamond (octahedral) chain. A feasibility of the effective d…
To understand the origin of the dynamical transition, between high temperature exponential relaxation and low temperature nonexponential relaxation, that occurs well above the static transition in glassy systems, a frustrated spin model, with and without disorder, is considered. The model has two phase transitions, the lower being a standard spin glass transition (in presence of disorder) or fully frustrated Ising (in absence of disorder), and the higher being a Potts transition. Monte Carlo results clarify that in the model with (or without) disorder the precursor phenomena are related to the…
The ground state and magnetization process of the mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising diamond chain is exactly solved by employing the generalized decoration-iteration mapping transformation and the transfer-matrix method. The decoration-iteration transformation is first used in order to establish a rigorous mapping equivalence with the corresponding spin-1 Blume-Emery-Griffiths chain in a non-zero magnetic field, which is subsequently exactly treated within the framework of the transfer-matrix technique. It is shown that the ground-state phase diagram includes just four different ground states and the l…
The ground state and thermodynamic properties of an asymmetric diamond Ising--Hubbard chain with the on-site electron-electron attraction has been considered. The problem can be solved exactly using the decoration-iteration transformation. In the case of the antiferromagnetic Ising interaction, the influence of this attraction on the ground state and the temperature dependences of the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat has been studied.
