Motivated by applications to transition semigroups, we introduce the notion of a norming dual pair and study a Pettis-type integral on such pairs. In particular, we establish a sufficient condition for integrability. We also introduce and study a class of semigroups on such dual pairs which are an abstract version of transition semigroups. Using our results, we give conditions ensuring that a semigroup consisting of kernel operators has a Laplace transform which also consists of kernel operators. We also provide conditions under which a semigroup is uniquely determined by its Laplace transform.
In this paper we study the Pettis integral of fuzzy mappings in arbitrary Banach spaces. We present some properties of the Pettis integral of fuzzy mappings and we give conditions under which a scalarly integrable fuzzy mapping is Pettis integrable.
In a real locally convex Hausdorff space the closed convex hull of every metrizable compact set is compact if (and only if) every continuous curve has a Pettis integral with respect to Lebesgue measure. For such spaces there is a natural concept of Bochner integrals.
The aim of this paper is to study relationships among "gauge integrals" (Henstock, Mc Shane, Birkhoff) and Pettis integral of multifunctions whose values are weakly compact and convex subsets of a general Banach space, not necessarily separable. For this purpose we prove the existence of variationally Henstock integrable selections for variationally Henstock integrable multifunctions. Using this and other known results concerning the existence of selections integrable in the same sense as the corresponding multifunctions, we obtain three decomposition theorems. As applications of such decompos…
We study semigroups of bounded operators on a Banach space such that the members of the semigroup are continuous with respect to various weak topologies and we give sufficient conditions for the generator of the semigroup to be closed with respect to the topologies involved. The proofs of these results use the Laplace transforms of the semigroup. Thus we first give sufficient conditions for Pettis integrability of vector valued functions with respect to scalar measures.
Strong Bochner type integrals with values in locally convex spaces are introduced. It is shown that the strong integral exists in the same cases as the weak (Gelfand-Pettis) integral is known to exist. The strong integral has better continuity properties that the weak integral.
In the standard theory of delay equations, the fundamental solution does not 'live' in the state space. To eliminate this age-old anomaly, we enlarge the state space. As a consequence, we lose the strong continuity of the solution operators and this, in turn, has as a consequence that the Riemann integral no longer suffices for giving meaning to the variation-of-constants formula. To compensate, we develop the Stieltjes-Pettis integral in the setting of a norming dual pair of spaces. Part I provides general theory, Part II deals with "retarded" equations, and in Part III we show how the Stielt…
The goal of this article is to develop a theory for direct integrals of $C_0$-semigroups on Hilbert spaces parallel to the recent approach by Lachowicz and Moszyński for direct sums of Banach spaces, diagonal operators, and semigroups. In it we deal with the existence and characterisation of semigroups, asymptotic rates, and questions of decomposability.
Di Piazza and Preiss asked whether every Pettis integrable function defined on [0,1] and taking values in a weakly compactly generated Banach space is McShane integrable. In this paper we answer this question in the negative.
We give a new and very short proof of a theorem of Greiner asserting that a positive and contractive $C_0$-semigroup on an $L^p$-space is strongly convergent in case that it has a strictly positive fixed point and contains an integral operator. Our proof is a streamlined version of a much more general approach to the asymptotic theory of positive semigroups developed recently by the authors. Under the assumptions of Greiner's theorem, this approach becomes particularly elegant and simple. We also give an outlook on several generalisations of this result.
This paper deals with generators $\mathsf{A}$ of strongly continuous right linear semigroups in Banach two-sided spaces whose set of scalars is an arbitrary Clifford algebra $\mathit{C}\ell(0,n)$. We study the invertibility of operators of the form $P(\mathsf{A})$, where $P(x)\in\mathbb{R}[x]$ is any real polynomial, and we give an integral representation for $P(\mathsf{A})^{-1}$ by means of a Laplace-type transform of the semigroup $\mathsf{T}(t)$ generated by $\mathsf{A}$. In particular, we deduce a new integral representation for the operator $(\mathsf{A}^2 - 2\mathrm{Re}(q) \,\mathsf{A} + …
For stochastic $C_0$-semigroups on $L^1$-spaces there is wealth of results that show strong convergence to an equilibrium as $t \to \infty$, given that the semigroup contains a partial integral operator. This has plenty of applications to transport equations and in mathematical biology. However, up to now partial integral operators do not play a prominent role in theorems which yield uniform convergence of the semigroup rather than only strong convergence. In this article we prove that, for irreducible stochastic semigroups, uniform convergence to an equilibrium is actually equivalent to being…
We show that, for a class of systems described by a Lagrangian L(x,\dot{x},t) = 1/2\dot{x}^{2} - V(x,t) the propagator can be reduced via Noether's Theorem to a standard path integral multiplied by a phase factor. Using Henstock's integration technique, this path integral is given a firm mathematical basis. Finally, we recast the propagator as an evolutionary semigroup.
We characterize the semigroups of composition operators that are strongly continuous on the mixed norm spaces $H(p,q,α)$. First, we study the separable spaces $H(p,q,α)$ with $q<\infty,$ that behave as the Hardy and Bergman spaces. In the second part we deal with the spaces $H(p,\infty,α),$ where polynomials are not dense. To undertake this study, we introduce the integral operators, characterize its boundedness and compactness, and use its properties to find the maximal closed linear subspace of $H(p,\infty,α)$ in which the semigroups are strongly continuous. In particular, we obtain that thi…
It is shown that operator-selfdecomposable measures, or more precisely their Urbanik decomposability semigroups, induce generalized Mehler semigroups of bounded linear operators. Moreover, those semigroups can be represented as random integrals of operator valued functions with respect to stochastic Lévy processes. Our Banach space setting is in the contrast with the Hilbert spaces on which so far and most often the generalized Mehler semigroups were studied. Furthermore, we give new proofs of the random integral representation.
The Weil representation of a real symplectic group $Sp(2n,R)$ admits a canonical extension to a holomorphic representation of a certain complex semigroup consisting of Lagrangian linear relations (this semigroup includes the Olshanski semigroup). We obtain the explicit realization of the Weil representation of this semigroup in the Cartier model, i.e., in the space of smooth sections of a certain line bundle on the $2n$-dimensional torus $T^{2n}$. We show that operators of the representation are integral operators whose kernels are theta-functions on $T^{4n}$.
In this paper we introduce the notion of slice regular right linear semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space. It is an operatorial function which is slice regular (a noncommutative counterpart of analyticity) and which satisfies a noncommutative semigroup law characterizing the exponential function in an infinite dimensional noncommutative setting. We prove that a right linear operator semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space is slice regular if and only if its generator is spherical sectorial. This result provides a connection between the slice regularity and the noncommutative semigroups the…
By suitably extending a Feynman-Kac formula of Simon [Canadian Math. Soc. Conf. Proc, 28 (2000), 317-321], we study one-parameter semigroups generated by (the negative of) rather general Schroedinger operators, which may be unbounded from below and include a magnetic vector potential. In particular, a common domain of essential self-adjointness for such a semigroup is specified. Moreover, each member of the semigroup is proven to be a maximal Carleman operator with a continuous integral kernel given by a Brownian-bridge expectation. The results are used to show that the spectral projections of…
Let E be a type 2 UMD Banach space, H a Hilbert space and let p be in [1,\infty). Consider the following stochastic delay equation in E: dX(t) = AX(t) + CX_t + b(X(t),X_t)dW_H(t), t>0; X(0) = x_0; X_0 = f_0. Here A : D(A) -> E is the generator of a C_0-semigroup, the operator C is given by a Riemann-Stieltjes integral, B : E x L^p(-1,0;E) -> γ(H,E) is a Lipschitz function and W_H is an H-cylindrical Brownian motion. We prove that a solution to \eqref{SDE1} is equivalent to a solution to the corresponding stochastic Cauchy problem, and use this to prove the existence, uniqueness and continuity …
A Feynman formula is a representation of a solution of an initial (or initial-boundary) value problem for an evolution equation (or, equivalently, a representation of the semigroup resolving the problem) by a limit of $n$-fold iterated integrals of some elementary functions as $n\to\infty$. In this note we obtain some Feynman formulae for a class of semigroups associated with Feller processes. Finite dimensional integrals in the Feynman formulae give approximations for functional integrals in some Feynman--Kac formulae corresponding to the underlying processes. Hence, these Feynman formulae gi…
In this article we consider the Levy processes and the corresponding semigroup. We represent the generator of this semigroup in a convolution form. Using the obtained convolution form and the theory of integral equations we investigate the properties of a wide class of Levy processes (potential, quasi-potential, the probability of the Levy process remaining within the given domain, long time behavior, stable processes). We analyze in detail a number of concrete examples of the Levy processes (stable processes, the variance damped Levy processes, the variance gamma processes, the normal Gaussia…
This note is devoted to representation of some evolution semigroups. The semigroups are generated by pseudo-differential operators, which are obtained by different (parametrized by a number $τ$) procedures of quantization from a certain class of functions (or symbols) defined on the phase space. This class contains functions which are second order polynomials with respect to the momentum variable and also some other functions. The considered semigroups are represented as limits of $n$-fold iterated integrals when $n$ tends to infinity (such representations are called Feynman formulae). Some of…
We give a brief account of a construction called tokens here, which is significant in algebra, analysis, combinatorics, and physics. Tokens allow to express a semigroup on one set via a semigroup convolution on another set. Therefore tokens are similar to intertwining operators but are more flexible. Keywords: semigroups, hypergroups, tokens, poset, multiplicative functions, polynomial sequence of binomial type, integral kernel, wavelets, refinement equation, special functions, quantum propagator, path integral, quantum computing.
An oscillator group $G$ is a semidirect product of a Heisenberg group with a one-parameter group. In this article we construct Olshanski semigroups for infinite-dimensional oscillator groups. These are complex involutive semigroups which have a polar decomposition. The main application will be for representations $π$ of $G$ which are semibounded, i.e., there exists a non-empty open subset $U$ of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ such that the operators $idπ(x)$ from the derived representation are uniformly bounded from above for $x\in U$. More precisely we show that every semibounded representati…
We give the upper and the lower estimates of heat kernels for Schrödinger operators $H=-Δ+V$, with nonnegative and locally bounded potentials $V$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 1$. We observe a factorization: the contribution of the potential is described separately for each spatial variable, and the interplay between the spatial variables is seen only through the Gaussian kernel - optimal in the lower bound and nearly optimal in the upper bound. In some regimes we observe the exponential decay in time with the rate corresponding to the bottom of the spectrum of $H$. Our estimates identify in a fa…
We study iterations of integral kernels satisfying a transience-type condition and we prove exponential estimates analogous to Gronwall\rq{}s inequality. As a consequence we obtain estimates of Schrödinger perturbations of integral kernels, including Markovian semigroups.
We give the regularization for fractional integral by delta sequence and apply it to obtain existence-uniqueness theorems in Colombeau algebras for nonlinear equations with singularities: nonlinear system of integral equations with polar kernel and nonlinear parabolic equations (of ordinary type, with nonlinear conservative term and with Schrödinger kernel) with strongly singular initial data and non-Lipschitz nonlinearities. In a case of nonlinear parabolic equations we do in fact regularization of heat semigroup with delta sequence with respect to the time variable $t.$ We do the same for li…
We extend the Feynman-Kac formula for Schrödinger type operators on vector bundles over noncompact Riemannian manifolds to possibly very singular potentials that appear in hydrogen like quantum mechanical problems and that need not be bounded from below or locally square integrable. This path integral formula is then used to prove several L^p-type results, like bounds on the ground state energy and L^2 -> L^p smoothing properties of the corresponding Schrödinger semigroups. As another main result, we will prove that with a little control on the Riemannian structure, the latter semigroups are a…
