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arXiv 0901.1576nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
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动力学与流体力学:Landau/Cooper-Frye冻析公式的推广

Kinetics vs hydrodynamics: generalization of Landau/Cooper-Frye prescription for freeze-out

Yu. M. Sinyukov, S. V. Akkelin, Iu. A. Karpenko, Y. Hama

摘要:

在Boltzmann方程中考虑了A+A碰撞流体动力学方法中的谱形成问题。分析和数值计算表明,尽管冻结并不尖锐,且具有有限的时间宽度,但粒子动量谱仍能以Cooper-Frye形式呈现。后者等于在固定动量$p$下最大发射点$(t_σ({\bf r},p),{\bf r})$处粒子碰撞速率的倒数。这些点的集合形成超曲面$t_σ({\bf r},p)$,其强烈依赖于$p$的值,并且通常不完全包围初始致密物质。这是与标准库珀-弗莱公式(CFp)的重要区别,所有$p$具有共同的冻结超曲面,这显著影响预测光谱。此外,众所周知的问题CFp的负贡献的频谱从冻结超曲面的非空间的部分,自然是消除在这个改进的处方。

英文摘要:

The problem of spectra formation in hydrodynamic approach to A+A collisions is considered within the Boltzmann equations. It is shown analytically and illustrated by numerical calculations that the particle momentum spectra can be presented in the Cooper-Frye form despite freeze-out is not sharp and has the finite temporal width. The latter is equal to the inverse of the particle collision rate at points $(t_σ({\bf r},p),{\bf r})$ of the maximal emission at a fixed momentum $p$. The set of these points forms the hypersurfaces $t_σ({\bf r},p)$ which strongly depend on the values of $p$ and typically do not enclose completely the initially dense matter. This is an important difference from the standard Cooper-Frye prescription (CFp), with a common freeze-out hypersurface for all $p$, that affects significantly the predicted spectra. Also, the well known problem of CFp as for negative contributions to the spectra from non-space-like parts of the freeze-out hypersurface is naturally eliminated in this improved prescription.

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