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arXiv 0901.0251q-bio.PEphysics.bio-phphysics.data-an
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物种个体大小的演化与分布

The evolution and distribution of species body size

Aaron Clauset, Douglas H. Erwin

摘要:

物种的身体大小的分类组内的分布表现出沉重的右尾延伸了许多数量级,其中大多数物种显着大于最小的物种。我们提供了一个简单的模型,进化时间的分支扩散,省略了明确的种间竞争和其他微进化过程的机制,但充分解释了这种分布的形状。我们估计模型的参数,化石数据,发现它鲁棒地再现了4002哺乳动物物种的分布从晚第四纪。所观察到的拟合表明,不对称分布产生的短期选择优势(科普规则)和长期选择的风险增加物种的身体大小之间的根本权衡,在存在的分类特定的身体大小的下限。

英文摘要:

The distribution of species body size within taxonomic groups exhibits a heavy right-tail extending over many orders of magnitude, where most species are significantly larger than the smallest species. We provide a simple model of cladogenetic diffusion over evolutionary time that omits explicit mechanisms for inter-specific competition and other microevolutionary processes yet fully explains the shape of this distribution. We estimate the model's parameters from fossil data and find that it robustly reproduces the distribution of 4002 mammal species from the late Quaternary. The observed fit suggests that the asymmetric distribution arises from a fundamental tradeoff between the short-term selective advantages (Cope's rule) and long-term selective risks of increased species body size, in the presence of a taxon-specific lower limit on body size.

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