一个简单的进化模型
A Simple Model for the Evolution of Evolution
摘要：
提出了一个简单的宏观进化模型，它既表现出间断平衡的性质，又表现出不同物种向更高复杂性进化的潜力动态。它是基于“分形演化”的现象，这已被证明构成一个记忆或随机反馈回路的非线性离散系统的基本属性。后者涉及每个物种的基本“认知”功能，这是由在某种预定义的分辨率内区分状态的能力所赋予的。一个现实的背景噪声的引入限制了反馈操作的范围产生了一个模式签名的健身空间的时间提升/突变距离的分布根据一个随机的魔鬼的楼梯功能。在系统规则的层次结构中引入另一个层次，实现了分辨率本身的自适应进化变化的可能性，从而提供了对物种认知能力的时间依赖性测量：一个额外的反馈回路利用适应度景观中不可避免的内在波动来指导分辨率的时间变化。将分辨率的小的自适应变化反馈到适应度空间中模式生命期的基本上无方向的变化中，有效地导致了每个物种的进化潜力增加的明显趋势（“分层涌现分形进化”）。
英文摘要：
A simple model of macroevolution is proposed exhibiting both the property of punctuated equilibrium and the dynamics of potentialities for different species to evolve towards increasingly higher complexity. It is based on the phenomenon of "fractal evolution" which has been shown to constitute a fundamental property of nonlinear discretized systems with one memory- or random-based feedback loop. The latter involves a basic "cognitive" function of each species given by the power of distinction of states within some predefined resolution. The introduction of a realistic background noise limiting the range of the feedback operation yields a pattern signature in fitness space with a distribution of temporal boost/mutation distances according to a randomized devil's staircase function. Introducing a further level in the hierarchy of the system's rules, the possibility of an adaptive evolutionary change of the resolution itself is implemented, thereby providing a time-dependent measure of the species' cognitive abilities: an additional feedback loop makes use of the inevitable intrinsic fluctuations within the fitness landscape to direct the temporal change of the resolution. Feeding back the small adaptive changes of resolution into the essentially directionless variations of the patterns' lifetimes in fitness space effectively leads to a clear tendency towards increasing evolution potentials for each species ("hierarchically emergent fractal evolution").
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