通过重建祖先剧目研究行为进化的框架
A framework for studying behavioral evolution by reconstructing ancestral repertoires
摘要：
尽管密切相关的动物物种之间经常存在广泛的行为变化，但我们对行为进化背后的遗传基础的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们提出了一个新的框架来研究行为进化的计算估计祖先的行为剧目。我们测量了来自六种果蝇的个体的行为，使用无人监督的技术，并确定了每个物种所表现出的刻板动作。然后，我们拟合一个广义线性混合模型来估计祖先物种表现出的行为套件，以及物种内和物种间的行为协方差。我们发现，种内行为变异的大部分原因是个体之间行为隐藏状态的差异，也就是所谓的“情绪”。“最后，我们提出了一种方法来识别似乎一起进化的行为组，说明行为集而不是个体行为可能是如何进化的。我们的方法为识别共同进化行为提供了一个新的框架，并可能为研究行为进化的遗传基础提供新的机会。
英文摘要：
Although extensive behavioral changes often exist between closely related animal species, our understanding of the genetic basis underlying the evolution of behavior has remained limited. Here, we propose a new framework to study behavioral evolution by computational estimation of ancestral behavioral repertoires. We measured the behaviors of individuals from six species of fruit flies using unsupervised techniques and identified suites of stereotyped movements exhibited by each species. We then fit a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to estimate the suites of behaviors exhibited by ancestral species, as well as the intra- and inter-species behavioral covariances. We found that much of intraspecific behavioral variation is explained by differences between individuals in the status of their behavioral hidden states, what might be called their "mood." Lastly, we propose a method to identify groups of behaviors that appear to have evolved together, illustrating how sets of behaviors, rather than individual behaviors, likely evolved. Our approach provides a new framework for identifying co-evolving behaviors and may provide new opportunities to study the genetic basis of behavioral evolution.
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