重建加勒比地区的人口遗传史
Reconstructing the Population Genetic History of the Caribbean
摘要:
加勒比海盆地是近代历史上以前分散的人口之间一些最复杂的相互作用的家园。在这里,通过利用全基因组SNP阵列数据,我们的特点加勒比人口的祖先组成部分在次大陆的水平和揭示精细规模的人口结构模式区分岛屿从大陆加勒比人口以及其他西班牙裔/拉丁裔群体。我们提供了遗传学证据的内陆南美洲起源的美洲土著组成部分岛屿人口和广泛的前哥伦布基因流在加勒比海盆地。加勒比衍生的欧洲成分显示出显着的分化,从父母伊比利亚人口,大概是由于创始人的影响,在新世界的殖民化。人口模型的基础上,我们重建复杂的人口历史的加勒比地区,因为大陆混合的开始。我们发现,岛屿人口最好的混合物吸收两个脉冲的非洲移民,恰逢早期和最大的跨大西洋奴隶贸易的活动阶段。这两种豆类似乎起源于西非的不同地区,在今天的非洲-加勒比基因组中留下了两个可区分的特征,并揭示了加勒比奴隶贸易期间动态的遗传影响。
英文摘要:
The Caribbean basin is home to some of the most complex interactions in recent history among previously diverged human populations. Here, by making use of genome-wide SNP array data, we characterize ancestral components of Caribbean populations on a sub-continental level and unveil fine-scale patterns of population structure distinguishing insular from mainland Caribbean populations as well as from other Hispanic/Latino groups. We provide genetic evidence for an inland South American origin of the Native American component in island populations and for extensive pre-Columbian gene flow across the Caribbean basin. The Caribbean-derived European component shows significant differentiation from parental Iberian populations, presumably as a result of founder effects during the colonization of the New World. Based on demographic models, we reconstruct the complex population history of the Caribbean since the onset of continental admixture. We find that insular populations are best modeled as mixtures absorbing two pulses of African migrants, coinciding with early and maximum activity stages of the transatlantic slave trade. These two pulses appear to have originated in different regions within West Africa, imprinting two distinguishable signatures in present day Afro-Caribbean genomes and shedding light on the genetic impact of the dynamics occurring during the slave trade in the Caribbean.
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