Z. Arvasİ, T. S. Kuzpinari, E. Ö. Uslu
We introduce the notion of 3-crossed module, which extends the notions of 1-crossed module (Whitehead) and 2-crossed module (Conduché). We show that the category of 3-crossed modules is equivalent to the category of simplicial groups having a Moore complex of length 3. We make explicit the relationship with the cat$^{3}$-groups (Loday) and the 3-hyper-complexes (Cegarra-Carrasco), which also model algebraically homotopy 4-types.
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We introduce the notion of an induced 2-crossed module, which extends the notion of an induced crossed module (Brown and Higgins).
In this paper we define the notion of pullback lifting of a lifting crossed module over a crossed module morphism and interpret this notion in the category of group-groupoid actions as pullback action. Moreover, we give a criterion for the lifting of homotopic crossed module morphisms to be homotopic, which will be called homotopy lifting property for crossed module morphisms. Finally, we investigate some properties of derivations of lifting crossed modules according to base crossed module derivations.
In this study, internal categories in the category of the crossed modules are characterized and it has been shown that there is a natural equivalence between the category of the crossed modules over crossed modules, i.e. crossed squares, and the category of the internal categories within the category of crossed modules. Finally, we obtain examples of crossed squares using this equivalence.
The aim of this paper is to define the notion of lifting of a crossed module via a group morphism and give some properties of this type of the lifting. Further we obtain a criterion for a crossed module to have a lifting of crossed module. We also prove that the liftings of a certain crossed module constitute a category; and that this category is equivalent to the category of covers of that crossed module and hence to the category of group-groupoid actions of the corresponding groupoid to that crossed module.
In this paper using split extensions of group-groupoids we obtain the notion of crossed modules over group-grouoids which are also called 2-groups and we prove a categorical equivalence of these types of crossed modules and double group-groupoids which are internal to the category of group-groupoids. This equivalence enables us to produce more examples of double groupoids.
In this study, we interpret the notion of homotopy of morphisms in the category of crossed modules in a category $\mathsf{C}$ of groups with operations using the categorical equivalence between crossed modules and internal categories in $\mathsf{C}$. Further, we characterize the derivations of crossed modules in a category $\mathsf{C}$ of groups with operations and obtain new crossed modules using regular derivations of old one.
We define a cotriple (co)homology of crossed modules with coefficients in a $π_1$-module. We prove its general properties, including the connection with the existing cotriple theories on crossed modules. We establish the relationship with the (co)homology of the classifying space of a crossed module and with the cohomology of groups with operators. An example and an application are given.
We explain how the computation of induced crossed modules allows the computation of certain homotopy 2-types and, in particular, second homotopy groups. We discuss various issues involved in computing induced crossed modules and give some examples and applications.
We address the homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules of commutative algebras, which are equivalent to simplicial commutative algebras with Moore complex of length two. In particular, we construct for maps of 2-crossed modules a homotopy relation, and prove that it yields an equivalence relation in very unrestricted cases (freeness up to order one of the domain 2-crossed module). This latter condition strictly includes the case when the domain is cofibrant. Furthermore, we prove that this notion of homotopy yields a groupoid with objects being the 2-crossed module maps between two fixed 2-crosse…
We give a detailed description of the structure of the actor 2-crossed module related to the automorphisms of a crossed module of groupoids. This generalises work of Brown and Gilbert for the case of crossed modules of groups, and part of this is needed for work on 2-dimensional holonomy to be developed elsewhere (see math.DG/0009082).
We address the homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules of commutative algebras. In particular, we define the concept of a 2-fold homotopy between a pair of 1-fold homotopies connecting 2-crossed module maps $\A \to \A'$. We also prove that if the domain 2-crossed module $\A$ is free up to order one (i.e. if the bottom algebra is a polynomial algebra) then we have a 2-groupoid of 2-crossed module maps $\A \to \A'$ and their homotopies and 2-fold homotopies.
In this paper we define 3-crossed modules for commutative (Lie) algebras and investigate the relation between this construction and the simplicial algebras. Also we define the projective 3-crossed resolution for investigate a higher dimensional homological information and show the existence of this resolution for an arbitrary $\mathbf{k}$-algebra.
We address the (pointed) homotopy of crossed module morphisms in modified categories of interest; which generalizes the groups and various algebraic structures. We prove that, the homotopy relation gives rise to an equivalence relation; furthermore a groupoid structure, without any restriction on neither domain nor co-domain of the crossed module morphism. Additionally, we consider the particular cases such as associative algebras, Leibniz algebras, Lie algebras and dialgebras of crossed modules of this generalized homotopy definition. Then as the main part of the paper, we prove that the func…
We consider the categorical equivalence between crossed modules over groupoids and double groupoids with thin structures; and by this equivalence, we prove how normality and quotient concepts are related in these two categories and give some examples of these objects.
In this paper we define the notions of normal subcrossed module and quotient crossed module within groups with operations; and using the equivalence of crossed modules over groups with operations and internal groupoids we prove how normality and quotient concepts are related in these two categories. Further we prove an equivalence of crossed modules over groups with operations and cat$^1$-groups with operations for a certain algebraic category; and then by this equivalence we determine normal and quotient objects in the category of cat$^{1}$-groups with operations. Finally we characterize the …
We address the (pointed) homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules (of groups), which are known to faithfully represent Gray 3-groupoids, with a single object, and also connected homotopy 3-types. The homotopy relation between 2-crossed module maps will be defined in a similar way to Crans' 1-transfors between strict Gray functors, however being pointed, thus this corresponds to Baues' homotopy relation between quadratic module maps. Despite the fact that this homotopy relation between 2-crossed module morphisms is not, in general, an equivalence relation, we prove that if $A$ and $A'$ are 2-crosse…
An algebraic category $\mathcal{C}$ is called balanced if the cotriple cohomology of any object of $\mathcal{C}$ vanishes in positive dimensions on injective coefficient modules. Important examples of balanced and of non-balanced categories occur in the literature. In this paper we prove that the category of crossed modules in groups is non-balanced.
A Model Categoric Equivalence for Crossed Simplicial Modules
本文在有限交叉单纯群且基域特征为0的条件下，构造了单纯向量空间范畴与交叉单纯群表示范畴之间的模型范畴等价。
In this paper we prove some results on the covering morphisms of internal groupoids. We also give a result on the coverings of the crossed modules of groups with operations.
Higher crossed modules of algebras over an operad
本文统一 operad 上代数交叉模的不同定义，证明 Janelidze 与 Leray-Riviere-Wagemann 方法等价，并借助余下降构造高阶交叉模，刻画为代数内部的 n 重范畴。
In this work we study the notion of Whitehead sequence in the category of crossed modules and actions of crossed modules. As expected, Whitehead sequences in that context are the same as crossed squares. We investigate under which conditions a Whitehead sequence of crossed modules gives rise to an internal groupoid in the category of crossed modules. In other words, we explicitly investigate the so called "Smith is Huq" condition in the category of crossed modules.
We prove that localization functors of crossed modules of groups do not always admit fiberwise (or relative) versions. To do so we characterize the existence of a fiberwise localization by a certain normality condition and compute explicit examples and counter-examples. In fact, some nullification functors do not behave well and we also prove that the fiber of certain nullification functors, known as acyclization functors in other settings such as groups or spaces, is not acyclic.
3-Crossed modules, Quasi-categories, and the Moore complex
本文提出了一种新的3-交错模定义，用于构建更高阶范畴对应，证明其诱导的simplicial集为准范畴，并展示摩尔复形自然具备该结构。
If $Γ$ is a group, then braided $Γ$-crossed modules are classified by braided strict $Γ$-graded categorial groups. The Schreier theory obtained for $Γ$-module extensions of the type of an abelian $Γ$-crossed module is a generalization of the theory of $Γ$-module extensions.
In this paper we will define notion homotopy of morphisms of crossed modules of Lie algebras. Then we construct a groupoid structure of Lie crossed module morphisms and their homotopies.
The correspondence between the concept of conditional flatness and admissibility in the sense of Galois appears in the context of localization functors in any semi-abelian category admitting a fiberwise localization. It is then natural to wonder what happens in the category of crossed modules where fiberwise localization is not always available. In this article, we establish an equivalence between conditional flatness and admissibility in the sense of Galois (for the class of regular epimorphisms) for regular-epi localization functors. We use this equivalence to prove that nullification functo…
In this paper we study equivariant crossed modules in its link with strict graded categorical groups. The resulting Schreier theory for equivariant group extensions of the type of an equivariant crossed module generalizes both the theory of group extensions of the type of a crossed module and the one of equivariant group extensions.
The 2-categories of strict 2-groups and crossed modules are introduced and their 2-equivalence is made explicit.
In that paper, we prove that the collection of all FRBSU monoidal categories and the collection of all crossed modules form a 2 category.
In this paper we study the categories of braided categorical associative algebras and braided crossed modules of associative algebras and we relate these structures with the categories of braided categorical Lie algebras and braided crossed modules of Lie algebras.
In this paper we state some applications of Gr-category theory on the classification of crossed modules and on the classification of extensions of groups of the type of a crossed module.
In this paper we study the category of braided categorical Leibniz algebras and braided crossed modules of Leibniz algebras and we relate these structures with the categories of braided categorical Lie algebras and braided crossed modules of Lie algebras using the Loday-Pirashvili category.
Equivalence of the categories of categorical groups and cssc-crossed modules
本文基于前期研究中范畴群与cssc-交叉模的双向构造，证明二者对应关系可定义函子，建立了范畴群范畴与cssc-交叉模范畴的等价性。
We introduce a notion of c-group, which is a group up to congruence relation and consider the corresponding category. Extensions, actions and crossed modules (c-crossed modules) are defined in this category and the semi-direct product is constructed. We prove that each categorical group gives rise to c-groups and to a c-crossed module, which is a connected, special and strict c-crossed module in the sense defined by us. The results obtained here will be applied in the proof of an equivalence of the categories of categorical groups and connected, special and strict c-crossed modules.
In this work we introduce the notions of Peiffer product and Peiffer commutator of internal pre-crossed modules over a fixed object B, extending the corresponding classical notions to any semi-abelian category C. We prove that, under mild additional assumptions on C, crossed modules are characterized as those pre-crossed modules X whose Peiffer commutator <X,X> is trivial. Furthermore we provide suitable conditions on C (fulfilled by a large class of algebraic varietes, including among others groups, associative algebras, Lie and Leibniz algebras) under which the Peiffer product realizes the c…
The Yang-Baxter equation plays a fundamental role in various areas of mathematics. Its solutions, called braidings, are built, among others, from Yetter-Drinfel'd modules over a Hopf algebra, from self-distributive structures, and from crossed modules of groups. In the present paper these three sources of solutions are unified inside the framework of Yetter-Drinfe' d modules over a braided system. A systematic construction of braiding structures on such modules is provided. Some general categorical methods of obtaining such generalized Yetter-Drinfel'd (=GYD) modules are described. Among the b…
Crossed modules and cohomology of algebras over an operad
本研究提出代数operad上P-代数的n-交叉模一般定义，验证其在经典operad下与已有定义的一致性，并建立其等价类阿贝尔群与高阶operadic上同调群的自然同构关系。
Prolongations of a group extension can be studied in a more general situation that we call group extensions of the co-type of a crossed module. Cohomology classification of such extensions is obtained by applying the obstruction theory of monoidal functors.
For a finite braided tensor category we introduce its Picard crossed module consisting of the group of invertible module categories and the group of braided tensor autoequivalences. We describe the Picard crossed module in terms of braided autoequivalences of the Drinfeld center of the braided tensor category. As an illustration, we compute the Picard crossed module of a braided pointed fusion category.
This is the second part of a series of three strongly related papers in which three equivalent structures are studied: - internal categories in categories of monoids; defined in terms of pullbacks relative to a chosen class of spans - crossed modules of monoids relative to this class of spans - simplicial monoids of so-called Moore length 1 relative to this class of spans. The most important examples of monoids that are covered are small categories (treated as monoids in categories of spans) and bimonoids in symmetric monoidal categories (regarded as monoids in categories of comonoids). In thi…
In this paper we explore some categorical results of 2-crossed module of commutative algebras extending work of Porter in [18]. We also show that the forgetful functor from the category of 2-crossed modules to the category of k-algebras, taking {L, M, P, \partial_2, \partial_1} to the base algebra P, is fibred and cofibred considering the pullback (coinduced) and induced 2-crossed modules constructions, respectively. Also we consider free 2- crossed modules as an application of induced 2-crossed modules.
From cssc-crossed modules to categorical groups
本文为任意 cssc-交叉模构造相干范畴群，结合前文结果，将在续篇中证明范畴群范畴与 cssc-交叉模范畴之间的等价性。
We introduce the notion of Whitehead sequence which is defined for a base category together with a system of abstract actions over it. In the classical case of groups and group actions the Whitehead sequences are precisely the crossed-modules of groups. For a general setting we give sufficient conditions for the existence of a categorical equivalence between internal groupoids and Whitehead sequences.
We compare three different ways of defining group cohomology with coefficients in a crossed-module: 1) explicit approach via cocycles; 2) geometric approach via gerbes; 3) group theoretic approach via butterflies. We discuss the case where the crossed-module is braided and the case where the braiding is symmetric. We prove the functoriality of the cohomologies with respect to weak morphisms of crossed-modules and also prove the "long" exact cohomology sequence associated to a short exact sequence of crossed-modules and weak morphisms.
We introduce some algebraic structures such as singularity, commutators and central extension in modified categories of interest. Additionally, we introduce the cat$^{1}$-objects with their connection to crossed modules in these categories which gives rise to unify many notions about (pre)crossed modules in various algebras of categories.
Coverings and liftings of generalized crossed modules
本文定义广义cat$^1$-群并构造其到广义交叉模的函子，引入覆盖与提升概念，旨在证明给定广义交叉模的覆盖范畴与提升范畴等价。
In this work, we explore the close relationship between an ideal map structure S --> End(R) on a homomorphism of commutative k-algebras R --> S and an ideal simplicial algebra structure on the associated bar construction Bar(S, R).
In this paper, we define the notion of crossed modules of groups with action and investigate related structures. Functions for computing of these structures have been written using the GAP computational discrete algebra programming language.
On the centre of crossed modules of Lie algebras
该文探究李代数交叉模和其中心的关联，证明任意李代数交叉模都能对应到包含两个同伦李代数上同调的正合序列，为李代数交叉模的中心研究提供了同调视角的结论。
We explore the relations among quadratic modules, 2-crossed modules, crossed squares and simplicial groups with Moore complex of length 2.
We introduce and study a homology theory of crossed modules with coefficients in an abelian crossed module. We discuss the basic properties of these new homology groups and give some applications. We then restrict our attention to the case of integral coefficients. In this case we regain the homology of crossed modules originally defined by Baues and further developed by Ellis. We show that it is an instance of Barr-Beck comonadic homology, so that we may use a result of Everaert and Gran to obtain Hopf formulae in all dimensions.
In finitely cocomplete homological categories, co-smash products give rise to (possibly higher-order) commutators of subobjects. We use binary and ternary co-smash products and the associated commutators to give characterisations of internal crossed modules and internal categories, respectively. The ternary terms are redundant if the category has the Smith is Huq property, which means that two equivalence relations on a given object commute precisely when their normalisations do. In fact, we show that the difference between the Smith commutator of such relations and the Huq commutator of their…
Exterior Isoclinism of Crossed Modules
本文定义了交叉模的外等斜关系概念，并基于GAP计算离散代数编程语言实现了相关计算函数。
Twisted Commutators and Internal Crossed Modules
本研究引入作为Higgins换位子修改的相对换位子概念，建立其与修改得到的新交换性概念的关系，并展示其在半阿贝尔范畴中刻画内部交叉模的应用。
In this paper, we state the notion of morphisms in the category of abelian crossed modules and prove that this category is equivalent to the category of strict Picard categories and regular symmetric monoidal functors. The theory of obstructions for symmetric monoidal functors and symmetric cohomology groups are applied to show a treatment of the group extension problem of the type of an abelian crossed module.
This paper is concerned with the nonabelian cohomology of groups with coefficients in crossed modules. These objects were introduced by Dedecker and studied by Breen, Borovoi, Noohi and many others. In this paper we study several important objects that are classified by these cohomologies and for them we develop a theory similar to the Schreier obstruction theory of group extensions.
Projective crossed modules in semi-abelian categories
研究半阿贝尔范畴中内部交叉模的射影对象性质，揭示其与基础种类的 Condition (P) 的关系，并证明非加性导出函子的定义
In this paper, we define the notion of Hopf crossed square for cocommutative Hopf algebras extending the notions of crossed squares of groups and of Lie algebras. We prove the equivalence between the category of Hopf crossed squares and the category of double internal groupoids in the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras. The Hopf crossed squares turn out to be the internal crossed modules in the category of crossed modules in the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras.
After a thorough treatment of all algebraic structures involved, we address two dimensional holonomy operators with values in crossed modules of Hopf algebras and in crossed modules of associative algebras (called here crossed modules of bare algebras.) In particular, we will consider two general formulations of the two-dimensional holonomy of a (fully primitive) Hopf 2-connection (exact and blur), the first being multiplicative the second being additive, proving that they coincide in a certain natural quotient (defining what we called the fuzzy holonomy of a fully primitive Hopf 2-connection)…
We provide concrete models for generalized morphisms and Morita equivalences of topological 2-groupoids by introducing the notions of crossings and crossed extensions of groupoid crossed modules. A systematic study of these objects is elaborated and an explicit description of how they do yield a groupoid and geometric picture of weak 2-groupoid morphisms is presented. Specifically, we construct a weak 3-category whose objects are crossed modules of topological groupoids and in which weak 1-isomorphisms correspond to Morita equivalences in the "category" of topological 2-groupoids.
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