We provide concrete models for generalized morphisms and Morita equivalences of topological 2-groupoids by introducing the notions of crossings and crossed extensions of groupoid crossed modules. A systematic study of these objects is elaborated and an explicit description of how they do yield a groupoid and geometric picture of weak 2-groupoid morphisms is presented. Specifically, we construct a weak 3-category whose objects are crossed modules of topological groupoids and in which weak 1-isomorphisms correspond to Morita equivalences in the "category" of topological 2-groupoids.
In this paper using split extensions of group-groupoids we obtain the notion of crossed modules over group-grouoids which are also called 2-groups and we prove a categorical equivalence of these types of crossed modules and double group-groupoids which are internal to the category of group-groupoids. This equivalence enables us to produce more examples of double groupoids.
We consider the categorical equivalence between crossed modules over groupoids and double groupoids with thin structures; and by this equivalence, we prove how normality and quotient concepts are related in these two categories and give some examples of these objects.
The aim of this paper is to define the notion of lifting of a crossed module via a group morphism and give some properties of this type of the lifting. Further we obtain a criterion for a crossed module to have a lifting of crossed module. We also prove that the liftings of a certain crossed module constitute a category; and that this category is equivalent to the category of covers of that crossed module and hence to the category of group-groupoid actions of the corresponding groupoid to that crossed module.
We give a detailed description of the structure of the actor 2-crossed module related to the automorphisms of a crossed module of groupoids. This generalises work of Brown and Gilbert for the case of crossed modules of groups, and part of this is needed for work on 2-dimensional holonomy to be developed elsewhere (see math.DG/0009082).
In this paper we prove some results on the covering morphisms of internal groupoids. We also give a result on the coverings of the crossed modules of groups with operations.
We outline the main features of the definitions and applications of crossed complexes and cubical $ω$-groupoids with connections. These give forms of higher homotopy groupoids, and new views of basic algebraic topology and the cohomology of groups, with the ability to obtain some non commutative results and compute some homotopy types.
In this paper we define the notions of normal subcrossed module and quotient crossed module within groups with operations; and using the equivalence of crossed modules over groups with operations and internal groupoids we prove how normality and quotient concepts are related in these two categories. Further we prove an equivalence of crossed modules over groups with operations and cat$^1$-groups with operations for a certain algebraic category; and then by this equivalence we determine normal and quotient objects in the category of cat$^{1}$-groups with operations. Finally we characterize the …
We use the n-globe with its skeletal filtration to define the fundamental globular omega--groupoid of a filtered space; the proofs use an analogous fundamental cubical omega--groupoid due to the author and Philip Higgins. This method also relates the construction to the fundamental crossed complex of a filtered space, and this relation allows the proof that the crossed complex associated to the free globular omega-groupoid on one element of dimension n is the fundamental crossed complex of the n-globe.
Given a crossed module of groupoids $N\rightarrow G$, we construct (1) a natural homomorphism from the product groupoid $\mathbb{Z}\times(N\rtimes G)\rightrightarrows N$ to the crossed product groupoid $N\rtimes G\rightrightarrows N$ and (2) a transgression map from the singular cohomology $H^\ast(G_\bullet,\mathbb{Z})$ of the nerve of the groupoid $G$ to the singular cohomology $H^{\ast-1}\big((N\rtimes G)_\bullet,\mathbb{Z}\big)$ of the nerve of the crossed product groupoid $N\rtimes G$. The latter turns out to be identical to the transgression map obtained by Tu--Xu in their study of equiva…
The aim is the theorems of the title and the corollary that the tensor product of two free crossed resolutions of groups or groupoids is also a free crossed resolution of the product group or groupoid. The route to this corollary is through the equivalence of the category of crossed complexes with that of cubical omega-groupoids with connections where the initial definition of the tensor product lies. It is also in the latter category that we are able to apply techniques of dense subcategories to identify the tensor product of covering morphisms as a covering morphism.
Let K be a Lie group and P be a K-principal bundle on a manifold M. Suppose given furthermore a central extension 1\to Z\to \hat{K}\to K\to 1 of K. It is a classical question whether there exists a \hat{K}-principal bundle \hat{P} on M such that \hat{P}/Z is isomorphic to P. Neeb defines in this context a crossed module of topological Lie algebras whose cohomology class [ω_{\rm top alg}] is an obstruction to the existence of \hat{P}. In the present paper, we show that [ω_{\rm top alg}] is up to torsion a full obstruction for this problem, and we clarify its relation to crossed modules of Lie a…
The question was asked by Niranjan Ramachandran: how to describe the fundamental groupoid of LX, the free loop space of a space X? We give an answer by assuming X to be the classifying space of a crossed module over a group, and then describe completely a crossed module over a groupoid determining the homotopy 2-type of LX. The method requires detailed information on the monoidal closed structure on the category of crossed complexes.
We address the (pointed) homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules (of groups), which are known to faithfully represent Gray 3-groupoids, with a single object, and also connected homotopy 3-types. The homotopy relation between 2-crossed module maps will be defined in a similar way to Crans' 1-transfors between strict Gray functors, however being pointed, thus this corresponds to Baues' homotopy relation between quadratic module maps. Despite the fact that this homotopy relation between 2-crossed module morphisms is not, in general, an equivalence relation, we prove that if $A$ and $A'$ are 2-crosse…
In this paper we define the notion of pullback lifting of a lifting crossed module over a crossed module morphism and interpret this notion in the category of group-groupoid actions as pullback action. Moreover, we give a criterion for the lifting of homotopic crossed module morphisms to be homotopic, which will be called homotopy lifting property for crossed module morphisms. Finally, we investigate some properties of derivations of lifting crossed modules according to base crossed module derivations.
In general a universal covering of a non connected topological group need not admit a topological group structure such that the covering map is a morphism of topological groups. This result is due to R.L. Taylor (1953). We generalise this result and relate it to the theory of obstructions to group extensions. The methods use: the equivalence between covering maps of X and covering groupoids of the fundamental groupoid of X; the equivalence between group groupoids and crossed modules; and descriptions of cohomology in terms of crossed complexes.
We address the homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules of commutative algebras. In particular, we define the concept of a 2-fold homotopy between a pair of 1-fold homotopies connecting 2-crossed module maps $\A \to \A'$. We also prove that if the domain 2-crossed module $\A$ is free up to order one (i.e. if the bottom algebra is a polynomial algebra) then we have a 2-groupoid of 2-crossed module maps $\A \to \A'$ and their homotopies and 2-fold homotopies.
We address the (pointed) homotopy of crossed module morphisms in modified categories of interest; which generalizes the groups and various algebraic structures. We prove that, the homotopy relation gives rise to an equivalence relation; furthermore a groupoid structure, without any restriction on neither domain nor co-domain of the crossed module morphism. Additionally, we consider the particular cases such as associative algebras, Leibniz algebras, Lie algebras and dialgebras of crossed modules of this generalized homotopy definition. Then as the main part of the paper, we prove that the func…
We consider descent data in cosimplicial crossed groupoids. This is a combinatorial abstraction of the descent data for gerbes in algebraic geometry. The main result is this: a weak equivalence between cosimplicial crossed groupoids induces a bijection on gauge equivalence classes of descent data.
In this study, internal categories in the category of the crossed modules are characterized and it has been shown that there is a natural equivalence between the category of the crossed modules over crossed modules, i.e. crossed squares, and the category of the internal categories within the category of crossed modules. Finally, we obtain examples of crossed squares using this equivalence.
We address the homotopy theory of 2-crossed modules of commutative algebras, which are equivalent to simplicial commutative algebras with Moore complex of length two. In particular, we construct for maps of 2-crossed modules a homotopy relation, and prove that it yields an equivalence relation in very unrestricted cases (freeness up to order one of the domain 2-crossed module). This latter condition strictly includes the case when the domain is cofibrant. Furthermore, we prove that this notion of homotopy yields a groupoid with objects being the 2-crossed module maps between two fixed 2-crosse…
Comodules over Hopf algebroids are of central importance in algebraic topology. It is well-known that a Hopf algebroid is the same thing as a presheaf of groupoids on Aff, the opposite category of commutative rings. We show in this paper that a comodule is the same thing as a quasi-coherent sheaf over this presheaf of groupoids. We prove the general theorem that internal equivalences of presheaves of groupoids with respect to a Grothendieck topology on Aff give rise to equivalences of categories of sheaves in that topology. We then show using faithfully flat descent that an internal equivalenc…
We define a 2-category structure (Pre-Orb) on the category of reduced complex orbifold atlases. We construct a 2-functor F from (Pre-Orb) to the 2-category (Grp) of proper étale effective groupoid objects over the complex manifolds. Both on (Pre-Orb) and (Grp) there are natural equivalence relations on objects: (a natural extension of) equivalence of orbifold atlases in (Pre-Orb) and Morita equivalences in (Grp). We prove that F induces a bijection between the equivalence classes of its source and target.
We study vector bundles over Lie groupoids, known as VB-groupoids, and their induced geometric objects over differentiable stacks. We establish a fundamental theorem that characterizes VB-Morita maps in terms of fiber and basic data, and use it to prove the Morita invariance of VB-cohomology, with implications to deformation cohomology of Lie groupoids and of classic geometries. We discuss applications of our theory to Poisson geometry, providing a new insight over Marsden-Weinstein reduction and the integration of Dirac structures. We conclude by proving that the derived category of VB-groupo…
We provide a reference for basic categorial properties of the categories of (possibly non-unital) $\mathbb{C}$-linear $*$-categories or $C^{*}$-categories, and (not necessarily unit-preserving) functors. Generalizing the classical case of algebras with $G$-action, we extend the construction of crossed products to categories with $G$-action. We will show that the crossed product functor preserves exact sequences and excisive squares and sends weak equivalences to equivalences.
