Sergey A. Gritsenko, Natalya N. Motkina
Let $η$ be a quadratic irrationality. The variant of a ternary problem of Goldbach involving primes such that $a<\{ηp\}<b$, where $a$ and $b$ are arbitrary numbers of the interval $(0,1)$, solved in this paper.
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We establish Bombieri-Vinogradov's type result for the number of solutions of the ternary Goldbach problem with primes from arithmetic progressions.
We describe a computation that confirms the ternary Goldbach Conjecture up to 8,875,694,145,621,773,516,800,000,000,000 (>8.875e30).
We consider the ternary Goldbach problem with two prime variables of the form $k^2+m^2+1$ and find an asymptotic formula for the number of its solutions.
In this paper, we proved a theorem that every large enough odd number can be represented as the sum of three almost equal Piatetski-Shapiro primes.
Almost all primes are not needed in Ternary Goldbach
该研究针对三元哥德巴赫猜想，通过可容许同余扩张系统构造素数集$\u2119$，证明即便剔除几乎所有素数，仅用$\u2119$中的素数仍可满足该猜想，深化了对素数加法性质的认识。
In the present paper we prove that under the assumption of the GRH (Generalized Riemann Hypothesis) each sufficiently large odd integer can be expressed as the sum of a prime and two isolated primes.
The ternary Goldbach conjecture (or three-prime conjecture) states that every odd number greater than 5 can be written as the sum of three primes. The purpose of this book is to give the first proof of the conjecture, in full.
The ternary Goldbach conjecture, or three-primes problem, asserts that every odd integer $n$ greater than $5$ is the sum of three primes. The present paper proves this conjecture. Both the ternary Goldbach conjecture and the binary, or strong, Goldbach conjecture had their origin in an exchange of letters between Euler and Goldbach in 1742. We will follow an approach based on the circle method, the large sieve and exponential sums. Some ideas coming from Hardy, Littlewood and Vinogradov are reinterpreted from a modern perspective. While all work here has to be explicit, the focus is on qualita…
In the present paper we prove that every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be represented in the form \begin{equation*} N=p_1+p_2+p_3\,, \end{equation*} where $p_1,p_2,p_3$ are primes, such that $p_1=x^2 + y^2 +1$, $p_2=[n^c]$.
We prove an inverse ternary Goldbach-type result. Let $N$ be sufficiently large and $c>0$ be sufficiently small. If $A_1,A_2,A_3\subset [N]$ are subsets with $|A_1|,|A_2|,|A_3|\geq N^{1/3-c}$, then $A_1+A_2+A_3$ contains a composite number. This improves on the bound $N^{1/3}$ from Gallagher's larger sieve. The main ingredients in our argument include a type of inverse sieve result in the larger sieve regime, and a variant of the analytic large sieve inequality.
We prove that there exists a k_0>0 such that every sufficiently large odd integer n with 3\mid n can be represented as p_1+p_2+p_3, where p_1,p_2 are Chen's primes and p_3 is a prime with p_3+2 has at most k_0 prime factors.
For A,epsilon>0 and any sufficiently large odd n we show that for almost all k up to n^{1/5-epsilon} there exists a representation n=p1+p2+p3 with primes in residue classes b1,b2,b3 mod k for almost all admissible triplets b1,b2,b3 of reduced residues mod k.
Let $\mathcal{P}$ denote the set of all primes. $P_{1},P_{2},P_{3}$ are three subsets of $\mathcal{P}$. Let $\underlineδ(P_{i})$ $(i=1,2,3)$ denote the lower density of $P_{i}$ in $\mathcal{P}$, respectively. It is proved that if $\underlineδ(P_{1})>5/8$, $\underlineδ(P_{2})\geq5/8$, and $\underlineδ(P_{3})\geq5/8$, then for every sufficiently large odd integer n, there exist $p_{i} \in P_{i}$ such that $n=p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}$. The condition is the best possible.
Density ternary Goldbach for primes in a fixed residue class
本文证明，在同余 1 mod 3 的素数中，相对密度超过 1/2 的子集可表示所有充分大且同余 0 mod 3 的奇数为三元素数和，并证明该密度阈值最优。
Let $$γ^*=\frac{8}{9}+\frac{2}{3}\:\frac{\log(10/9)}{\log 10}\:(\approx 0.919\ldots)\:.$$ Let $γ^*<γ_0\leq 1$, $c_0=1/γ_0$ be fixed. Let also $a_0\in\{0,1,\ldots, 9\}$.\\ We prove on assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis that each sufficiently large odd integer $N_0$ can be represented in the form $$N_0=p_1+p_2+p_3\:,$$ where the $p_i$ are of the form $p_i=[n_i^{c_0}]$, $n_i\in\mathbb{N}$, for $i=1,2$ and the decimal expansion of $p_3$ does not contain the digit $a_0$.\\ The proof merges methods of J. Maynard from his paper on the infinitude of primes with restricted digits, results…
We show that for every fixed $A>0$ and $θ>0$ there is a $\vartheta=\vartheta(A,θ)>0$ with the following property. Let $n$ be odd and sufficiently large, and let $Q_{1}=Q_{2}:=n^{\h}(\log n)^{-\vartheta}$ and $Q_{3}:=(\log n)^θ$. Then for all $q_{3}\leq Q_{3}$, all reduced residues $a_{3}$ mod $q_{3}$, almost all $q_{2}\leq Q_{2}$, all admissible residues $a_{2}$ mod $q_{2}$, almost all $q_{1}\leq Q_{1}$ and all admissible residues $a_{1}$ mod $q_{1}$, there exists a representation $n=p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}$ with primes $p_{i}\equiv a_{i} (q_{i})$, $i=1,2,3$.
The ternary Goldbach conjecture, or three-primes problem, states that every odd number $n$ greater than $5$ can be written as the sum of three primes. The conjecture, posed in 1742, remained unsolved until now, in spite of great progress in the twentieth century. In 2013 -- following a line of research pioneered and developed by Hardy, Littlewood and Vinogradov, among others -- the author proved the conjecture. In this, as in many other additive problems, what is at issue is really the proper usage of the limited information we possess on the distribution of prime numbers. The problem serves a…
We give a more comrehensive treatment of Chen's double sieve and improve related constants in Goldbach's conjecture and the twin prime problem.
In this paper, we exhibit an asymptotic formula for the number of representations of a large integer as a sum of a fixed power of Piatetski-Shapiro primes, thereby establishing a variant of Waring-Goldbach problem with primes from a sparse sequence.
Let $$γ^*:=\frac{8}{9}+\frac{2}{3}\:\frac{\log(10/9)}{\log 10}\:(\approx 0.919\ldots)\:,\ γ^*<\frac{1}{c_0}\leq 1\:.$$ Let $γ^*<γ_0\leq 1$, $c_0=1/γ_0$ be fixed. Let also $a_0\in\{0,1,\ldots, 9\}$. In [23] we proved on assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), that each sufficiently large odd integer $N_0$ can be represented in the form $$N_0=p_1+p_2+p_3\:,$$ where for $i=2, 3$ the primes $p_i$ are Piatetski-Shapiro primes - primes of the form $p_i=[n_i^{c_0}]$, $n_i\in\mathbb{N}$ - whereas the decimal expansion of $p_1$ does not contain the digit $a_0$. In this paper we replace …
We obtain an asymptotic formula for a weighted sum of the square of the tail of the singular series for the Goldbach and prime-pair problems.
A new explicit formula is proved for the contribution of the major arcs in the Goldbach and Generalized Twin Prime Problem, in which the level of the major arcs can be chosen very high. This will have many applications in the approximations of the mentioned problems.
Multiplicative arithmetic functions satisfying the parallelogram functional equation on prime numbers are investigated. It is derived that the unique solution is a quadratic function by the Goldbach's conjecture.
Some mean value theorems in the style of Bombieri-Vinogradov's theorem are discussed. They concern binary and ternary additive problems with primes in arithmetic progressions and short intervals. Nontrivial estimates for some of these mean values are given. As application inter alia, we show that for large odd n\not\equiv 1 (6), Goldbach's ternary problem n=p_1+p_2+p_3 is solvable with primes p_1,p_2 in short intervals p_i \in [X_i,X_i+Y] with X_{i}^{θ_i}=Y, i=1,2, and θ_1,θ_2\geq 0.933 such that (p_1+2)(p_2+2) has at most 9 prime factors.
Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be a class of natural numbers whose binary expansions contain even numbers of ones. Goldbach's problem in numbers of class $\mathbb{N}_0$ is solved.
In this paper we present some observations about the well-known Goldbach conjecture. In particular we list and interpret some numerical results which allow us to formulate a relation between prime numbers and even integers. We can also determine very thin and low diverging ranges in which the probability of finding a prime is one.
The ternary Goldbach conjecture states that every odd number n>=7 is the sum of three primes. The estimation of sums of the form \sum_{p\leq x} e(αp), α= a/q + O(1/q^2), has been a central part of the main approach to the conjecture since (Vinogradov, 1937). Previous work required q or x to be too large to make a proof of the conjecture for all n feasible. The present paper gives new bounds on minor arcs and the tails of major arcs. This is part of the author's proof of the ternary Goldbach conjecture. The new bounds are due to several qualitative improvements. In particular, this paper presen…
A pair of Goldbach-Linnik equations in unlike powers of primes and powers of two
本文证明满足特定必要条件的大偶数对均可表示为一个素数、一个素数平方、两个素数立方及56个2的幂，解决了一对Goldbach-Linnik方程的表示问题。
For every even integer N, denote by D_{1,2}(N) the number of representations of N as a sum of a prime and an integer having at most two prime factors. In this paper, we give a new lower bound for D_{1,2}(N).
Goldbach-Linnik type problems involving one prime, four prime cubes and powers of 2
研究Goldbach-Linnik型问题，证明任意一对充分大奇数均可由一个素数、四个素数立方及48个2的幂表示。
We investigate progressions in the set of pairs of integers $\mathbb{Z}^2$ and define a generalisation of the Jacobsthal function. For this function, we conjecture a specific upper bound and prove that this bound would be a sufficient condition for the truth of the Goldbach conjecture, the infinitude of prime twins, and more general of prime pairs with a fixed even difference.
Goldbach Representations with several primes
研究整数表示为k个素数之和的Goldbach表示的平均阶渐近公式，推广k=2的结果至一般k并获得更优误差项，同时证明黎曼猜想与该平均阶的等价性。
We formulate some refinements of Goldbach's conjectures based on heuristic arguments and numerical data. For instance, any even number greater than 4 is conjectured to be a sum of two primes with one prime being 3 mod 4. In general, for fixed $m$ and $a, b$ coprime to $m$, any positive even $n \equiv a + b \bmod m$ outside of a finite exceptional set is expected to be a sum of two primes $p$ and $q$ with $p \equiv a \bmod m$, $q \equiv b \bmod m$. We make conjectures about the growth of these exceptional sets.
On Waring-Goldbach problem for one square and seventeen fifth powers of primes
本文证明每个充分大的偶数可表示为一个素数平方与十七个素数五次幂之和，改进了Brüdern和Kawada的先前结果。
We study the distribution of prime numbers under the unlikely assumption that Siegel zeros exist. In particular we prove for \[ \sum_{n \leq X} Λ(n) Λ(\pm n+h) \] an asymptotic formula which holds uniformly for $h = O(X)$. Such an asymptotic formula has been previously obtained only for fixed $h$ in which case our result quantitatively improves those of Heath-Brown (1983) and Tao and Teräväinen (2021). Since our main theorems work also for large $h$ we can derive new results concerning connections between Siegel zeros and the Goldbach conjecture and between Siegel zeros and primes in almost al…
Primes of the Form $m^2+1$ and Goldbach's `Other Other' Conjecture
本文计算了 $6.25\ imes 10^{28}$ 以内所有形如 $m^2+1$ 的素数，并据此验证了哥德巴赫的一个较少人知的猜想，同时引入“哥德巴赫冠军”概念并证明其条件性结果。
In this paper, we investigate exceptional sets in the Waring-Goldbach problem for unlike powers. For example, estimates are obtained for sufficiently large integers below a parameter subject to the necessary local conditions that do not have a representation as the sum of a square of prime, a cube of prime and a sixth power of prime and a $k$-th power of prime. These results improve the recent result due to Brüdern in the order of magnitude. Furthermore, the method can be also applied to the similar estimates for the exceptional sets for Waring-Goldbach problem for unlike powers.
The ternary Goldbach conjecture states that every odd number $n\geq 7$ is the sum of three primes. The estimation of the Fourier series $\sum_{p\leq x} e(αp)$ and related sums has been central to the study of the problem since Hardy and Littlewood (1923). Here we show how to estimate such Fourier series for $α$ in the so-called major arcs, i.e., for $α$ close to a rational of small denominator. This is part of the author's proof of the ternary Goldbach conjecture. In contrast to most previous work on the subject, we will rely on a finite verification of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis up to…
We consider the exceptional set in the binary Goldbach problem for sums of two almost twin primes. Our main result is a power-saving bound for the exceptional set in the problem of representing $m=p_1+p_2$ where $p_1+2$ has at most $2$ prime divisors and $p_2+2$ has at most $3$ prime divisors. There are three main ingredients in the proof: a new transference principle like approach for sieves, a combination of the level of distribution estimates of Bombieri--Friedlander--Iwaniec and Maynard with ideas of Drappeau to produce power savings, and a generalisation of the circle method arguments of …
We study the Goldbach problem for primes represented by the polynomial $x^2+y^2+1$. The set of such primes is sparse in the set of all primes, but the infinitude of such primes was established by Linnik. We prove that almost all even integers $n$ satisfying certain necessary local conditions are representable as the sum of two primes of the form $x^2+y^2+1$. This improves a result of Matomäki, which tells that almost all even $n$ satisfying a local condition are the sum of one prime of the form $x^2+y^2+1$ and one generic prime. We also solve the analogous ternary Goldbach problem, stating tha…
Improving earlier estimates of several authors we show that the number E(X) of Goldbach exceptional even integers (that is, even integers which cannot be written as the sum of two primesw) below X satisfies tho bound E(X) < X^0.72 for sufficiently large X. In the proof crucial role is played by the explicit formula for the contribution of the major arcs proved in Part I of this series (arXiv:1804.05561). In this new version some misprints are corrected and an explanatory sentence is added to the common proof of theorems C and D.
For two odd primes $p$ and $q$ such that $p<q$, let $A(p,q):=(a_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ be the arithmetic progression whose $k$th term is given by $a_k=(k-1)(q-p)+p$ (i.e., with $a_1=p$ and $a_2=q$). Here we conjecture that for every positive integer $a>1$ there exist a positive integer $n$ and two odd primes $p$ and $q$ such that $a$ can be expressed as a sum of the first $2n$ terms of the arithmetic progression $A(p,q)$. Notice that in the case of even $a$, this conjecture immediately follows from Goldbach's conjecture. We also propose the analogous conjecture for odd positive integers $a>1$ as w…
In this paper, a simple explanation for the Goldbach Conjecture is given. We have shown that the probability of violating the conjecture not only for the prime numbers, but also for any subset of natural numbers whose distribution is similar to the prime numbers is negligible. This result makes it possible to generalize the conjecture to any subset of natural numbers whose distribution is similar to the prime numbers. Additionally, we selected several new subsets whose distribution amongst the natural numbers are similar to the prime numbers by randomly addition of +1 and -1 to the prime numbe…
Small gaps between Goldbach primes
本文通过Bombieri-Davenport方法和Maynard-Tao方法研究Goldbach素数间的极小间隙，改进了Tsuda的结果并证明了Goldbach素数间存在有界间隙。
We study the number of ways to decompose a monic polynomial in F_q[t] of degree n as a sum of two monic irreducible polynomials in F_q[t]. Our principal result is an asymptotic formula for the number of such representations in the case when q is large compared to n. In its range of validity, this formula agrees with what is suggested by heuristic arguments from the rational setting. We also present similar results towards an analogue of the twin prime conjecture.
Let $Λ(n)$ be the von Mangoldt function, $x$ real and $2\leq y \leq x$. This paper improves the estimate on the exponential sum over primes in short intervals \[ S_k(x,y;α) = \sum_{x< n \leq x+y} Λ(n) e\left( n^k α\right) \] when $k\geq 3$ for $α$ in the minor arcs. And then combined with the Hardy--Littlewood circle method, this enables us to investigate the Waring--Goldbach problem of representing a positive integer $n$ as the sum of $s$ $k$th powers of almost equal prime numbers, which improves the results in Wei and Wooley [12].
The Exceptional Set in Goldbach's Problem with two Chen Primes
该研究针对满足$n\equiv4\pmod{6}$的自然数，通过结合Bombieri–Vinogradov定理的幂节省变体的高效筛策略，改进了哥德巴赫问题中两个陈素数和的相关结论，确定了其例外集的幂节省性质。
Cubic Waring-Goldbach problem with Piatetski-Shapiro primes
本文研究Piatetski-Shapiro素数的三次Waring-Goldbach问题，证明了当γ∈(317/320,1)时，每个充分大的奇数可表示为九个形如[n^{1/γ}]的素数立方之和，改进了Akbal和Güloğlu的已有结果。
On the level of distribution of Goldbach primes and its applications
证明几乎所有偶数N的哥德巴赫素数集具有分布水平1/6，并应用于表示几乎全部偶数为两素数之和且满足特定条件。
A density version of Waring-Goldbach problem
该研究探讨华林-哥德巴赫问题的密度版本，证明当下密度大于1-1/2k的素数子集满足条件时，充分大的同余自然数可表为该子集素数k次幂的s项和，推进了加性数论相关问题研究。
Based on the Goldbach conjecture and arithmetic fundamental theorem, the Goldbach conjecture was extended to more general situations, i.e., any positive integer can be written as summation of some specific prime numbers, which depends on the divisible factor of this integer, that is: For any positive integer $n~(n>2)$, if there exists an integer $m$, such that $m|n~( 1 < m < n )$, then $n=\sum_{i=1}^m p_i $, where $ p_i~(i=1,2 ,3...m)$ is prime number. In addition, for more prime summands, the combinatorial counting is also discussed. For some special cases, some brief proofs are given. By the…
On the Goldbach problem with restricted primes
本文研究了受限素数下奇数N作为三个素数之和的表示数，并给出了渐近公式，通过使用当前最佳的狄利克雷L函数零密度估计，无条件地得到U的上限为N^{4/49}exp(log^{2/3+ε}N)，若假设广义黎曼假设，则可取U为log^{4+ε}N。
An intermediate conjecture between Goldbach and Dubner: every even number is the sum of a prime and a twin prime
该研究提出介于哥德巴赫与杜布纳猜想间的中间猜想，用罗曼诺夫方法结合塞尔伯格筛法给出条件性结果，验证了10^14以内偶数均满足该猜想。
Waring-Goldbach problems for one square and higher powers
本文研究了用一个平方和更高次幂表示足够大的整数的问题，证明了奇数和偶数均可表示为素数的平方、四次幂和五次幂的组合。
Let $\mathcal{P}_r$ denote an almost-prime with at most $r$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, it is proved that for every sufficiently large even integer $N$, the equation \begin{equation*} N=x^2+p_1^3+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^3 \end{equation*} is solvable with $x$ being an almost-prime $\mathcal{P}_6$ and the other variables primes. This result constitutes an improvement upon that of Cai, who obtained the same conclusion, but with $\mathcal{P}_{36}$ in place of $\mathcal{P}_6$.
Let $\mathcal{P}_r$ denote an almost-prime with at most $r$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, it is proved that, for $12\leqslant b\leqslant 35$ and for every sufficiently large odd integer $N$, the equation \begin{equation*} N=x^2+p_1^3+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^4+p_6^b \end{equation*} is solvable with $x$ being an almost-prime $\mathcal{P}_{r(b)}$ and the other variables primes, where $r(b)$ is defined in the Theorem. This result constitutes an improvement upon that of Lü and Mu.
On Chen's theorem, Goldbach's conjecture and almost prime twins II
本文证明了关于Goldbach猜想和孪生素数问题的筛法结果，将素数表示的下界渐近常数提升至1.9728，接近Hardy-Littlewood猜想的渐近常数2，结合了加权筛法、Chen转换原理等多种筛法技术。
A density version of quaternary Goldbach problem
研究四元Goldbach问题的密度条件，证明在适当大的偶数n可表示为四个素数之和，条件最优。
Primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli, and Goldbach beyond the square-root barrier
本文利用三重可良好分解权重将素数分布水平提升至0.617，并在假设Selberg猜想下达到0.625，由此为孪生素数和Goldbach问题取得新上界，实现了Goldbach问题自1966年以来的最大改进。
Is is shown that all but O(x^{23207/23240}) even integers N<x can be written as the sum of a square, a cube, a forth and a fifth power of a prime.
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