In this paper, it is established that every sufficiently large positive integer $n$ subject to $n\equiv0\pmod2$ can be represented as a sum of one square of prime and seventeen fifth powers of primes, which gives an enhancement upon the previous result of Brüdern and Kawada [1].
In this paper, we exhibit an asymptotic formula for the number of representations of a large integer as a sum of a fixed power of Piatetski-Shapiro primes, thereby establishing a variant of Waring-Goldbach problem with primes from a sparse sequence.
We apply recent progress on Vinogradov's mean value theorem to improve bounds for the function $H(k)$ in the Waring-Goldbach problem. We obtain new results for all exponents $k \ge 7$, and in particular establish that for large $k$ one has \[H(k)\le (4k-2)\log k-(2\log 2-1)k-3.\]
In this paper, we investigate exceptional sets in the Waring-Goldbach problem for unlike powers. For example, estimates are obtained for sufficiently large integers below a parameter subject to the necessary local conditions that do not have a representation as the sum of a square of prime, a cube of prime and a sixth power of prime and a $k$-th power of prime. These results improve the recent result due to Brüdern in the order of magnitude. Furthermore, the method can be also applied to the similar estimates for the exceptional sets for Waring-Goldbach problem for unlike powers.
Recent progress on Vinogradov's mean value theorem has resulted in improved estimates for exponential sums of Weyl type. We apply these new estimates to obtain sharper bounds for the function $H(k)$ in the Waring--Goldbach problem. We obtain new results for all exponents $k\ge 8$, and in particular establish that $H(k)\le (4k-2)\log k+k-7$ when $k$ is large, giving the first improvement on the classical result of Hua from the 1940s.
Let $s$, $\ell$ be two integers such that $2\le s\le \ell-1$, $\ell\ge 3$. We prove that a suitable asymptotic formula for the average number of representations of integers $n=\sum_{i=1}^{s} p_{i}^{\ell}$, where $p_i$, $i=1,\dotsc,s$, are prime numbers, holds in short intervals.
Let $Λ(n)$ be the von Mangoldt function, $x$ real and $2\leq y \leq x$. This paper improves the estimate on the exponential sum over primes in short intervals \[ S_k(x,y;α) = \sum_{x< n \leq x+y} Λ(n) e\left( n^k α\right) \] when $k\geq 3$ for $α$ in the minor arcs. And then combined with the Hardy--Littlewood circle method, this enables us to investigate the Waring--Goldbach problem of representing a positive integer $n$ as the sum of $s$ $k$th powers of almost equal prime numbers, which improves the results in Wei and Wooley [12].
We prove an asymptotic formula for the Fourier transform of the arithmetic surface measure associated to the Waring--Goldbach problem and provide several applications, including bounds for discrete spherical maximal functions along the primes and distribution results such as ergodic theorems.
Let $\mathcal{P}_r$ denote an almost-prime with at most $r$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, it is proved that for every sufficiently large even integer $N$, the equation \begin{equation*} N=x^2+p_1^3+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^3 \end{equation*} is solvable with $x$ being an almost-prime $\mathcal{P}_6$ and the other variables primes. This result constitutes an improvement upon that of Cai, who obtained the same conclusion, but with $\mathcal{P}_{36}$ in place of $\mathcal{P}_6$.
We use transference principle to show that whenever $s$ is suitably large depending on $k \geq 2$, every sufficiently large natural number $n$ satisfying some congruence conditions can be written in the form $n = p_1^k + \dots + p_s^k$, where $p_1, \dots, p_s \in [x-x^θ, x + x^θ]$ are primes, $x = (n/s)^{1/k}$ and $θ= 0.525 + ε$. We also improve known results for $θ$ when $k \geq 2$ and $s \geq k^2 + k + 1$. For example when $k \geq 4$ and $s \geq k^2 + k + 1$ we have $θ= 0.55 + ε$. All previously known results on the problem had $θ> 3/4$.
Let $\mathcal{P}_r$ denote an almost-prime with at most $r$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, it is proved that, for $12\leqslant b\leqslant 35$ and for every sufficiently large odd integer $N$, the equation \begin{equation*} N=x^2+p_1^3+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^4+p_6^b \end{equation*} is solvable with $x$ being an almost-prime $\mathcal{P}_{r(b)}$ and the other variables primes, where $r(b)$ is defined in the Theorem. This result constitutes an improvement upon that of Lü and Mu.
Let $\mathcal{P}_r$ denote an almost-prime with at most $r$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, we generalize the result of Vaughan for ternary admissible exponent. Moreover, we use the refined admissible exponent to prove that, for $3\leqslant k\leqslant 14$ and for every sufficiently large even integer $n$, the following equation \begin{equation*} n=x^2+p_1^2+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^k \end{equation*} is solvable with $x$ being an almost-prime $\mathcal{P}_{r(k)}$ and the other variables primes, where $r(k)$ is defined in Theorem. This result constitutes a deepening…
We use Green's transference principle to show that any subset of the $d$th powers of primes with positive relative density contains nontrivial solutions to a translation-invariant linear equation in $d^2+1$ or more variables, with explicit quantitative bounds.
Let $k\geq2$ and $s$ be positive integers. Let $θ\in(0,1)$ be a real number. In this paper, we establish that if $s>k(k+1)$ and $θ>0.55$, then every sufficiently large natural number $n$, subjects to certain congruence conditions, can be written as $$ n=p_1^k+\cdots+p_s^k, $$ where $p_i(1\leq i\leq s)$ are primes in the interval $((\frac{n}{s})^{\frac{1}{k}}-n^{\fracθ{k}},(\frac{n}{s})^{\frac{1}{k}}+n^{\fracθ{k}}]$. The second result of this paper is to show that if $s>\frac{k(k+1)}{2}$ and $θ>0.55$, then almost all integers $n$, subject to certain congruence conditions, have above representat…
We examine the problem of writing every sufficiently large even number as the sum of two primes and at most $K$ powers of 2. We outline an approach that only just falls short of improving the current bounds on $K$. Finally, we improve the estimates in other Waring--Goldbach problems.
By developing the method of Wooley on the quadratic Waring-Goldbach problem, we prove that all sufficiently large even integers can be expressed as a sum of four squares of primes and 46 powers of 2.
