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arXiv 0811.3673cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
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铁镍合金因瓦效应的简单理论

A simple theory of the Invar effect in iron-nickel alloys

Francois Liot, Christopher A. Hooley

摘要:

某些铁和镍的合金(所谓的“因瓦合金”)在很宽的温度范围内几乎没有热膨胀。很明显,这是加热时反常收缩的结果,这种收缩抵消了由晶格振动的非谐性引起的正常热膨胀。这种反常收缩似乎与合金的磁性有关,因为这种效应在接近居里温度的温度下消失。然而,尽管经过多年的深入研究,面心立方Fe-Ni合金中因瓦效应的微观理论仍然缺乏广泛接受。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的理论,在这些合金的基础上伊辛磁性,从头算总能量计算,和德拜-Gruneisen模型的因瓦效应。我们表明,该理论准确地再现了这些材料的几个众所周知的属性,包括纪尧姆的著名的plot 1的热膨胀系数作为镍的浓度的函数。在同样的框架内,我们能够以一种简单的方式解释实验观察到的Vegard定律的偏差。我们的方法支持的想法,晶格常数是由几个参数,包括铁铁最近邻对的分数。

英文摘要:

Certain alloys of iron and nickel (so-called 'Invar' alloys) exhibit almost no thermal expansion over a wide range of temperature. It is clear that this is the result of an anomalous contraction upon heating which counteracts the normal thermal expansion arising from the anharmonicity of lattice vibrations. This anomalous contraction seems to be related to the alloys' magnetic properties, since the effect vanishes at a temperature close to the Curie temperature. However, despite many years of intensive research, a widely accepted microscopic theory of the Invar effect in face-centered-cubic Fe-Ni alloys is still lacking. Here we present a simple theory of the Invar effect in these alloys based on Ising magnetism, ab initio total energy calculations, and the Debye-Gruneisen model. We show that this theory accurately reproduces several well known properties of these materials, including Guillaume's famous plot1 of the thermal expansion coefficient as a function of the concentration of nickel. Within the same framework, we are able to account in a straightforward way for experimentally observed deviations from Vegard's law. Our approach supports the idea that the lattice constant is governed by a few parameters, including the fraction of iron-iron nearest-neighbour pairs.

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