Robert Lipshitz, Peter Ozsvath, Dylan Thurston
We describe some of the algebra underlying the decomposition of planar grid diagrams. This provides a useful toy model for an extension of Heegaard Floer homology to 3-manifolds with parametrized boundary. This paper is meant to serve as a gentle introduction to the subject, and does not itself have immediate topological applications.
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We outline an interpretation of Heegaard-Floer homology of 3-manifolds (closed or with boundary) in terms of the symplectic topology of symmetric products of Riemann surfaces, as suggested by recent work of Tim Perutz and Yanki Lekili. In particular we discuss the connection between the Fukaya category of the symmetric product and the bordered algebra introduced by Robert Lipshitz, Peter Ozsvath and Dylan Thurston, and recast bordered Heegaard-Floer homology in this language.
In this paper, we construct a canonical grading on bordered Heegaard Floer homology by homotopy classes of nonvanishing vector fields. This grading is a generalization of our construction of an absolute grading on Heegaard Floer homology and it extends the well-known grading with values in a noncommutative group defined by Lipshitz-Ozsváth-Thurston.
The main goal of this paper is to discuss a symplectic interpretation of Lipshitz, Ozsvath and Thurston's bordered Heegaard-Floer homology in terms of Fukaya categories of symmetric products and Lagrangian correspondences. More specifically, we give a description of the algebra A(F) which appears in the work of Lipshitz, Ozsvath and Thurston in terms of (partially wrapped) Floer homology for product Lagrangians in the symmetric product, and outline how bordered Heegaard-Floer homology itself can conjecturally be understood in this language.
This is a survey of bordered Heegaard Floer homology, an extension of the Heegaard Floer invariant HF-hat to 3-manifolds with boundary. Emphasis is placed on how bordered Heegaard Floer homology can be used for computations.
Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant for 3-manifolds, which associates to a surface F an algebra A(Z), and to a 3-manifold Y with boundary, together with an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism ϕfrom F to \bdy Y, a module over A(Z). We study the Grothendieck group of modules over A(Z), and define an invariant lying in this group for every bordered 3-manifold. We prove that this invariant recovers the kernel of the inclusion of H_1(\bdy Y; Z) into H_1(Y; Z) if H_1(Y, \bdy Y; Z) is finite, and is 0 otherwise. We also study the properties of this invariant corresponding to gluing. As…
Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is a three-manifold invariant which associates to a surface F an algebra A(F) and to a three-manifold Y with boundary identified with F a module over A(F). In this paper, we establish naturality properties of this invariant. Changing the diffeomorphism between F and the boundary of Y tensors the bordered invariant with a suitable bimodule over A(F). These bimodules give an action of a suitably based mapping class group on the category of modules over A(F). The Hochschild homology of such a bimodule is identified with the knot Floer homology of the associated op…
Using bordered Floer theory, we give a combinatorial construction and proof of invariance for the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology. As a part of the proof, we also establish combinatorially the invariance of the linear-categorical representation of the strongly-based mapping class groupoid given by the same theory.
Heegaard Floer theory is a kind of topological quantum field theory, assigning graded groups to closed, connected, oriented 3-manifolds and group homomorphisms to smooth, oriented 4-dimensional cobordisms. Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is an extension of Heegaard Floer homology to 3-manifolds with boundary, with extended-TQFT-type gluing properties. In this survey, we explain the formal structure and construction of bordered Floer homology and sketch how it can be used to compute some aspects of Heegaard Floer theory.
We perform two explicit computations of bordered Heegaard Floer invariants. The first is the type D trimodule associated to the trivial S^1 bundle over the pair of pants P. The second is a bimodule that is necessary for self-gluing, when two torus boundary components of a bordered manifold are glued to each other. Using the results of these two computations, we describe an algorithm for computing HF-hat of any graph manifold.
We use bordered Heegaard Floer homology to compute the tau invariant of a family of satellite knots obtained via twisted infection along two components of the Borromean rings, a generalization of Whitehead doubling. We show that tau of the resulting knot depends only on the two twisting parameters and the values of tau for the two companion knots. We also include some notes on bordered Heegaard Floer homology that may serve as a useful introduction to the subject.
We construct Heegaard Floer theory for 3-manifolds with connected boundary. The theory associates to an oriented, parametrized two-manifold a differential graded algebra. For a three-manifold with parametrized boundary, the invariant comes in two different versions, one of which (type D) is a module over the algebra and the other of which (type A) is an A-infinity module. Both are well-defined up to chain homotopy equivalence. For a decomposition of a 3-manifold into two pieces, the A-infinity tensor product of the type D module of one piece and the type A module from the other piece is HF^ of…
Holomorphic polygons and the bordered Heegaard Floer homology of link complements
本文提出利用Heegaard多图中全纯多边形计数构造 $\mathcal{A}_\infty$ 多模，并证明其与链环补空间的A型边缘缝合不变量拟同构，为后续基于链环Floer同调计算该不变量奠定基础。
We consider the following question: when is the manifold obtained by gluing together two knot complements an $L$-space? Hedden and Levine proved that splicing 0-framed complements of nontrivial knots never produces an $L$-space. We extend this result to allow for arbitrary integer framings. We find that splicing two integer framed nontrivial knot complements only produces an $L$-space if both knots are $L$-space knots and the framings lie in an appropriate range. The proof involves a careful analysis of the bordered Heegaard Floer invariants of each knot complement.
Real bordered Floer homology
本文基于3维流形的Heegaard图，构建了边界的Floer代数模块，并发展了计算实Heegaard Floer同调的算法。
We give a combinatorial proof of the quasi-invertibility of $\widehat{CFDD}(\mathbb{I}_\mathcal{Z})$ in bordered Heegaard Floer homology, which implies a Koszul self-duality on the dg-algebra $\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{Z})$, for each pointed matched circle $\mathcal{Z}$. This is done by giving an explicit description of a rank 1 model for $\widehat{CFAA}(\mathbb{I}_\mathcal{Z})$, the quasi-inverse of $\widehat{CFDD}(\mathbb{I}_\mathcal{Z})$. This description is obtained by applying homological perturbation theory to a larger, previously known model of $\widehat{CFAA}(\mathbb{I}_\mathcal{Z})$.
Satellite knots and immersed Heegaard Floer homology
本文提出计算卫星纽结$UV=0$纽结Floer复形的新方法，通过叠加伴纽结浸入曲线与模式Heegaard图得到浸入式图简化计算，推广了已有结论并扩展了相关构造。
Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant for 3-manifolds, which associates to a surface F an algebra A(F), and to a 3-manifold Y with boundary, together with an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism from F to the boundary of Y, a module over A(F). In a previous paper, we defined relative Z/2 differential gradings on the algebra A(F) and the modules over it. In this paper, we turn the relative grading into an absolute one, and show that the resulting Z/2-graded module is an invariant of the bordered 3-manifold.
We introduce a contact invariant in the bordered sutured Heegaard Floer homology of a three-manifold with boundary. The input for the invariant is a contact manifold $(M, ξ, \mathcal{F})$ whose convex boundary is equipped with a signed singular foliation $\mathcal{F}$ closely related to the characteristic foliation. Such a manifold admits a family of foliated open book decompositions classified by a Giroux Correspondence, as described in earlier work of Licata and Vértesi. We use a special class of foliated open books to construct admissible bordered sutured Heegaard diagrams and identify well…
We use bordered Floer homology to give a formula for the knot Floer homology of any (p, pn+1)-cable of a thin knot K in terms of Delta_K(t), tau(K), p, and n. We also give a formula for the Ozsvath-Szabo concordance invariant tau(K_{p, pn+1}) in terms of tau(K), p, and n, and a formula for tau(K_{p,q}) for almost all relatively prime p and q.
Lipshitz, Ozsváth and Thurston defined a bordered Heegaard Floer invariant CFDA for 3-manifolds with two boundary components, including mapping cylinders for surface diffeomorphisms. We define a related invariant for certain 4-dimensional cobordisms with corners, by associating a morphism F from CFDA(f) to CFDA(g) to each such cobordism between two mapping cylinders f and g. Like the Ozsváth-Szabó invariants of cobordisms between closed 3-manifolds, this morphism arises from counting holomorphic triangles on Heegaard triples. We demonstrate that the homotopy class of the morphism F only depend…
In this paper we show how to recover the relative Q-grading in Heegaard Floer homology from the noncommutative grading on bordered Floer homology.
In this paper we prove another pairing theorem for bordered Floer homology. Unlike the original pairing theorem, this one is stated in terms of homomorphisms, not tensor products. The present formulation is closer in spirit to the usual TQFT framework, and allows a more direct comparison with Fukaya-categorical constructions. The result also leads to various dualities in bordered Floer homology.
We define a concordance invariant, epsilon(K), associated to the knot Floer complex of K, and give a formula for the Ozsváth-Szabó concordance invariant tau of K_{p,q}, the (p,q)-cable of a knot K, in terms of p, q, tau(K), and epsilon(K). We also describe the behavior of epsilon under cabling, allowing one to compute tau of iterated cables. Various properties and applications of epsilon are also discussed.
Bordered Heegaard Floer modules for satellite operations using planar graphs
本文通过组合构造$(p,1)$-缆线卫星运算的加权$A_\infty$-模，并利用装饰平面图计数给出其$A_\infty$结构关系的组合证明及唯一性结果。
Given a link in the three-sphere, Z. Szabó and the second author constructed a spectral sequence starting at the Khovanov homology of the link and converging to the Heegaard Floer homology of its branched double-cover. The aim of this paper and its sequel is to explicitly calculate this spectral sequence, using bordered Floer homology. There are two primary ingredients in this computation: an explicit calculation of filtered bimodules associated to Dehn twists and a pairing theorem for polygons. In this paper we give the first ingredient, and so obtain a combinatorial spectral sequence from Kh…
We show that the integer homology sphere obtained by splicing two nontrivial knot complements in integer homology sphere L-spaces has Heegaard Floer homology rank strictly greater than one. In particular, splicing the complements of nontrivial knots in the 3-sphere never produces an L-space. The proof uses bordered Floer homology.
We discuss a relationship between Khovanov- and Heegaard Floer-type homology theories for braids. Explicitly, we define a filtration on the bordered Heegaard-Floer homology bimodule associated to the double-branched cover of a braid and show that its associated graded bimodule is equivalent to a similar bimodule defined by Khovanov and Seidel.
Cornered Heegaard Floer homology
本文构造了带余维 2 角的 3-流形的 cornered Floer 同调不变量，并证明带边 3-流形的 bordered Floer 同调可由其两块 cornered 不变量的张量积恢复。
Let $K$ denote a knot inside the homology sphere $Y$. The zero-framed longitude of $K$ gives the complement of $K$ in $Y$ the structure of a bordered three-manifold, which may be denoted by $Y(K)$. We compute the quasi-isomorphism type of the bordered Floer complex of $Y(K)$ in terms of the knot Floer complex associated with $K$. As a corollary, we show that if a homology sphere has the same Heegaard Floer homology as $S^3$ it does not contain any incompressible tori. Consequently, if $Y$ is an irreducible homology sphere $L$-space then $Y$ is either $S^3$, or the Poicaré sphere $Σ(2,3,5)$, or…
Bordered Floer homology with integral coefficients for manifolds with torus boundary
本文为带环面边界的流形定义了整系数边界的Floer理论，恢复了Ozsváth、Stipsicz和Szabó的组合Heegaard Floer同调。
Khovanov homology and the Involutive Heegaard Floer homology of branched double covers
本文利用 involutive Heegaard Floer 同调，借助 bordered Floer 同调重构与手术正合三角，推广了 Ozsváth-Szabó 分支双覆盖谱序列，建立 Khovanov 同调与 Heegaard Floer 同调间的联系。
A bordered HF- algebra for the torus
本文描述了与环面相关的加权 $A_\infty$-代数，给出了其组合构造与抽象刻画，并揭示了其与环面 wrapped Fukaya category 的关系，为后续构造具有环面边界流形的 bordered Heegaard Floer homology 奠定基础。
Knot Floer homology is a knot invariant defined using holomorphic curves. In more recent work, taking cues from bordered Floer homology,the authors described another knot invariant, called "bordered knot Floer homology", which has an explicit algebraic and combinatorial construction. In the present paper, we extend the holomorphic theory to bordered Heegaard diagrams for partial knot projections, and establish a pairing result for gluing such diagrams, in the spirit of the pairing theorem of bordered Floer homology. After making some model calculations, we obtain an identification of a variant…
The purpose of this thesis is to define a "local" version of Ozsváth and Szabó's Heegaard Floer homology $\operatorname{\widehat{HFL}}$ for links in the 3-dimensional sphere, i.e. a Heegaard Floer homology $\operatorname{\widehat{HFT}}$ for tangles in the closed 3-ball. After studying basic properties of $\operatorname{\widehat{HFT}}$ and its decategorified tangle invariant $\nabla_T^s$, we prove a glueing theorem in terms of Zarev's bordered sutured Floer homology, which endows $\operatorname{\widehat{HFT}}$ with an additional glueing structure. For 4-ended tangles, we repackage this glueing …
Let A be a dg algebra over F_2 and let M be a dg A-bimodule. We show that under certain technical hypotheses on A, a noncommutative analog of the Hodge-to-de Rham spectral sequence starts at the Hochschild homology of the derived tensor product of M with itself and converges to the Hochschild homology of M. We apply this result to bordered Heegaard Floer theory, giving spectral sequences associated to Heegaard Floer homology groups of certain branched and unbranched double covers.
Given a link in the three-sphere, Ozsváth and Szabó showed that there is a spectral sequence starting at the Khovanov homology of the link and converging to the Heegaard Floer homology of its branched double cover. The aim of this paper is to explicitly calculate this spectral sequence in terms of bordered Floer homology. There are two primary ingredients in this computation: an explicit calculation of bimodules associated to Dehn twists, and a general pairing theorem for polygons. The previous part (arXiv:1011.0499) focuses on computing the bimodules; this part focuses on the pairing theorem …
We describe how to formulate Khovanov's functor-valued invariant of tangles in the language of bordered Heegaard Floer homology. We then give an alternate construction of Lawrence Roberts' Type D and Type A structures in Khovanov homology, and his algebra $\mathcal{B}Γ_n$, in terms of Khovanov's theory of modules over the ring $H^n$. We reprove invariance and pairing properties of Roberts' bordered modules in this language. Along the way, we obtain an explicit generators-and-relations description of $H^n$ which may be of independent interest.
We show that bordered Heegaard Floer homology detects incompressible surfaces and bordered-sutured Floer homology detects partly boundary parallel tangles and bridges, in natural ways. For example, there is a bimodule Lambda so that the tensor product of CFD(Y) and Lambda is Hom-orthogonal to CFD(Y) if and only if the boundary of Y admits an essential compressing disk. In the process, we sharpen a nonvanishing result of Ni's. We also extend Lipshitz-Ozsváth-Thurston's "factoring" algorithm for computing HF-hat to compute bordered-sutured Floer homology, to make both results on detecting incomp…
Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant for three-manifolds with boundary. In particular, this invariant associates to a handle decomposition of a surface F a differential graded algebra, and to an arc slide between two handle decompositions, a bimodule over the two algebras. In this paper, we describe these bimodules for arc slides explicitly, and then use them to give a combinatorial description of HF^ of a closed three-manifold, as well as the bordered Floer homology of any 3-manifold with boundary.
Diagonals and A-infinity Tensor Products
本文利用结合面体和乘性面体的对角线，定义了A-无穷代数及其模、同态和形变的张量积，并引入DD结构，应用于带边Heegaard Floer同调。
Degree-1 maps and rank inequalities in Heegaard Floer homology
本文利用bordered Floer同调的浸入曲线解释，证明了特定1度映射在Heegaard Floer同调中产生的秩不等式，为Heegaard Floer同调与instanton Floer同调关系的猜想提供了进一步证据。
On the decategorification of some higher actions in Heegaard Floer homology
本文对边界Heegaard Floer链代数上的高阶作用进行去范畴化，将其等同于曲面同调群外幂上的作用，用开闭TQFT语言给出解释并证明了粘合公式。
A previous result about the decategorified bordered (sutured) Heegaard Floer invariants of surfaces glued together along intervals, generalizing the decategorified content of Rouquier and the author's higher-tensor-product-based gluing theorem in cornered Heegaard Floer homology, was proved only over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and without gradings. In this paper we add signs and prove a graded version of the interval gluing theorem over $\mathbb{Z}$, enabling a more detailed comparison of these aspects of decategorified Heegaard Floer theory with modern work on non-semisimple 3d TQFTs in mathematics and p…
Generalized Mazur Patterns and Immersed Heegaard Floer Homology
本文推广Levine的工作，利用有界Heegaard Floer同调的浸入曲线技术，为广义Mazur模式得到的卫星结族建立闭公式，并给出无穷多个在任何有理同调4-球中均非切片的模式结例子。
We define larger variants of the vector spaces one obtains by decategorifying bordered (sutured) Heegaard Floer invariants of surfaces. We also define bimodule structures on these larger spaces that are similar to, but more elaborate than, the bimodule structures that arise from decategorifying the higher actions in bordered Heegaard Floer theory introduced by Rouquier and the author. In particular, these new bimodule structures involve actions of both odd generators $E$ and $F$ of $\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)$, whereas the previous ones only involved actions of $E$. Over $\mathbb{F}_2$, we show that t…
We define polynomial tangle invariants $\nabla_T^s$ via Kauffman states and Alexander codes and investigate some of their properties. In particular, we prove symmetry relations for $\nabla_T^s$ of 4-ended tangles and deduce that the multivariable Alexander polynomial is invariant under Conway mutation. The invariants $\nabla_T^s$ can be interpreted naturally via Heegaard diagrams for tangles. This leads to a categorified version of $\nabla_T^s$: a Heegaard Floer homology $\widehat{\operatorname{HFT}}$ for tangles, which we define as a bordered sutured invariant. We discuss a bigrading on $\wid…
We show that Bordered Heegaard Floer invariant $\widehat{CFD}$ of a knot complement in $S^3$ is invariant under the elliptic involution on its boundary.
This is a companion paper to earlier work of the authors, which interprets the Heegaard Floer homology for a manifold with torus boundary in terms of immersed curves in a punctured torus. We prove a variety of properties of this invariant, paying particular attention to its relation to knot Floer homology, the Thurston norm, and the Turaev torsion. We also give a geometric description of the gradings package from bordered Heegaard Floer homology and establish a symmetry under spin$^c$ conjugation; this symmetry gives rise to genus one mutation invariance in Heegaard Floer homology for closed t…
Using bordered Floer theory, we construct an invariant $\widehat{\mathit{HFO}}(Y^{\text{orb}})$ for $3$-orbifolds $Y^{\text{orb}}$ with singular set a knot that generalizes the hat flavor $\widehat{\mathit{HF}}(Y)$ of Heegaard Floer homology for closed $3$-manifolds $Y$. We show that for a large class of $3$-orbifolds, $\widehat{\mathit{HFO}}$ behaves like $\widehat{\mathit{HF}}$ in that $\widehat{\mathit{HFO}}$, together with a relative $\mathbb{Z}_2$-grading, categorifies the order of $H_1^{\text{orb}}$. When $Y^{\text{orb}}$ arises as Dehn surgery on an integer-framed knot in $S^3$, we use …
In this paper we extend the idea of bordered Floer homology to knots and links in $S^3$: Using a specific Heegaard diagram, we construct gluable combinatorial invariants of tangles in $S^3$, $D^3$ and $I\times S^2$. The special case of $S^3$ gives back a stabilized version of knot Floer homology.
We prove that, up to local equivalences, a suitable truncation of the involutive knot Floer homology of a knot in $S^3$ and the involutive bordered Heegaard Floer theory of its complement determine each other. In particular, given two knots $K_1$ and $K_2$, we prove that the $\mathbb{F}_2[U,V]/(UV)$-coefficient involutive knot Floer homology of $K_1 \sharp -K_2$ is $ι_K$-locally trivial if $\widehat{CFD}(S^3 \backslash K_1)$ and $\widehat{CFD}(S^2 \backslash K_2)$ satisfy a certain condition which can be seen as the bordered counterpart of $ι_K$-local equivalence. We further establish an expli…
A calculus for bordered Floer homology
本文针对type D结构可由不交环并图形表示的带环面边界流形，建立带边Floer同调演算体系，刻画L-space Dehn填充斜率与边界粘合得L-space的充要条件，并应用于Seifert纤维化空间，证明单JSJ环面图流形中L-space性质的两个等价条件。
Floer homology beyond borders
本文概述了带边3-流形的Bordered Floer homology理论及其对闭3-流形Heegaard Floer homology的扩展，重点介绍了近期的计算工具发展与应用。
Recently, Ozsváth and Szabó introduced some algebraic constructions computing knot Floer homology in the spirit of bordered Floer homology, including a family of algebras B(n) and, for a generator of the braid group on n strands, a certain type of bimodule over B(n). We define analogous bimodules for singular crossings. Our bimodules are motivated by counting holomorphic disks in a bordered sutured version of a Heegaard diagram considered previously by Ozsváth, Stipsicz, and Szabó.
Trivalent vertices and bordered knot Floer homology in the standard basis
本文基于标准基，定义了新的代数与双模结构，用于分类U_q(gl(1|1)^-)的表示及映射，首次将Soergel双模应用于Heegaard Floer同调中的辫形双模。
From hypertoric geometry to bordered Floer homology via the m=1 amplituhedron
本文提出复化超平面补集 Fukaya 范畴的代数描述猜想，并在循环排列情形借助 m=1 amplituhedron 组合学与有界 Heegaard Floer 同调完成证明，进而构造 gl(1|1) 的范畴作用。
Bordered Floer homology for manifolds with torus boundary via immersed curves
本文将带环面边界三维流形的有界 Heegaard Floer 同调解释为装饰局部系统的浸入曲线，并利用曲线的 Lagrange 交理论推出 L-space、度一映射及卫星纽结等结果。
We show that bordered Floer homology provides a categorification of a TQFT described by Donaldson. This, in turn, leads to a proof that both the Alexander module of a knot and the Seifert form are completely determined by Heegaard Floer theory.
Cable knots are not thin
本文利用边界Floer理论证明非平凡纽结的缆绳结非Heegaard Floer同调薄，并借助Zemke定理将结论推广至更大的卫星纽结集合。
Cabling in terms of immersed curves
本研究依托与J. Rasmussen的合作成果及作者此前关于带边Floer同调的工作，推导得出带环面边界流形的Heegaard Floer同调对应的浸入曲线在电缆构造下的行为公式，为纽结Floer同调的研究提供了新的工具。
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