Let $\mathcal S\to\mathbb A^1$ be a smooth family of surfaces whose general fibre is a smooth surface of $\mathbb P^3$ and whose special fibre has two smooth components, intersecting transversally along a smooth curve $R$. We consider the Universal Severi-Enriques variety $\mathcal V$ on $\mathcal S\to\mathbb A^1$. The general fibre of $\mathcal V$ is the variety of curves on $\mathcal S_t$ in the linear system $|\mathcal O_{\mathcal S_t}(n)|$ with $k$ cusps and $δ$ nodes as singularities. Our problem is to find all irreducible components of the special fibre of $\mathcal V$. In this paper, we consider only the cases $(k,δ)=(0,1)$ and $(k,δ)=(1,0)$. In particular, we determine all singular curves on the special fibre of $\mathcal S$ which, counted with the right multiplicity, are a limit of 1-cuspidal curves on the general fibre of $\mathcal S$.
We study the behaviour of rational curves tangent to a hypersurface under degenerations of the hypersurface. Working within the framework of logarithmic Gromov-Witten theory, we extend the degeneration formula to the logarithmically singular setting, producing a virtual class on the space of maps to the degenerate fibre. We then employ logarithmic deformation theory to express this class as an obstruction bundle integral over the moduli space of ordinary stable maps. This produces new refinements of the logarithmic Gromov-Witten invariants, encoding the degeneration behaviour of tangent curves…
The degeneration of the Quillen metric for a one-parameter family of Riemann surfaces has been studied by Bismut-Bost and Yoshikawa. In this article we propose a more geometric point of view using Deligne's Riemann-Roch theorem. We obtain an interpretation of the singular part of the metric as a discriminant and the continuous part as a degeneration of the metric on Deligne products, which gives an asymptotic development involving the monodromy eigenvalues. This generalizes the results of Bismut-Bost and is a version of Yoshikawa's results on the degeneration of the Quillen metric for general …
In the 80's D. Eisenbud and J. Harris developed the general theory of limit linear series, Invent. math. 85 (1986), in order to understand what happens to linear systems and their ramification points on families of non-singular curves degenerating to curves of compact type. They applied their theory to the study of limits of Weierstrass points, among other endeavours. In one of their articles, Invent. math. 87 (1987), they asked: "What are the limits of Weierstrass points in families of curves degenerating to stable curves not of compact type?" In this eprint we address this question within a …
In the 80's D. Eisenbud and J. Harris posed the following question: "What are the limits of Weierstrass points in families of curves degenerating to stable curves not of compact type?" We answer their question for one-dimensional families of smooth curves degenerating to stable curves with just two components meeting at points in general position. In this note we treat only those families whose total space is regular. Nevertheless, we announce here our most general answer, to be presented in detail in a forthcoming submission.
Around 2008 N. Kawazumi and S. Zhang introduced a new fundamental numerical invariant for compact Riemann surfaces. One way of viewing the Kawazumi-Zhang invariant is as a quotient of two natural hermitian metrics with the same first Chern form on the line bundle of holomorphic differentials. In this paper we determine precise formulas, up to and including constant terms, for the asymptotic behavior of the Kawazumi-Zhang invariant for degenerating Riemann surfaces. As a corollary we state precise asymptotic formulas for the beta-invariant introduced around 2000 by R. Hain and D. Reed. These fo…
Let $C$ be a genus 2 curve and $\su$ the moduli space of semi-stable rank 2 vector bundles on $C$ with trivial determinant. In \cite{bol:wed} we described the parameter space of non stable extension classes (invariant with respect to the hyperelliptic involution) of the canonical sheaf $ω$ of $C$ with $ω_C^{-1}$. In this paper we study the classifying rational map $ϕ: \pr Ext^1(ω,ω^{-1})\cong \pr^4 \dashrightarrow \su\cong \pr^3$ that sends an extension class on the corresponding rank two vector bundle. Moreover we prove that, if we blow up $\pr^4$ along a certain cubic surface $S$ and $\su$ a…
In this paper, we study the geometry of trisections on certain rational elliptic surfaces. We utilize Mumford representations of semi-reduced divisors in order to construct trisections and related plane curves with interesting properties explicitly. As a result we are able to construct new examples of Zariski pairs. Especially, we show the existence of a family of Zariski pairs that degenerate to the same conic-line arrangement.
Let $X$ be a surface of degree $n$, projected onto $\mathbb{CP}^2$. The surface has a natural Galois cover with Galois group $S_n.$ It is possible to determine the fundamental group of a Galois cover from that of the complement of the branch curve of $X.$ In this paper we survey the fundamental groups of Galois covers of all surfaces of small degree $n \leq 4$, that degenerate to a nice plane arrangement, namely a union of $n$ planes such that no three planes meet in a line. We include the already classical examples of the quadric, the Hirzebruch and the Veronese surfaces and the degree $4$ em…
Given a compact Riemann surface $Y$ and a positive integer $m$, Narasimhan and Simha defined a measure on $Y$ associated to the $m$-th tensor power of the canonical line bundle. We study the limit of this measure on holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces with semistable reduction. The convergence takes place on a hybrid space whose central fiber is the associated metrized curve complex in the sense of Amini and Baker. We also study the limit of the measure induced by the Hermitian pairing defined by the Narasimhan-Simha measure. For $m = 1$, both these measures coincide with the Bergman meas…
We construct models of involution surface bundles over algebraic surfaces, degenerating over normal crossing divisors, and with controlled singularities of the total space.
Let C be a projective Gorenstein curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. A generalized linear system on C is a pair (I,f) consisting of a torsion-free, rank-1 sheaf I on C and a map of vector spaces f to the space of global sections of I. If the system is nondegenerate on every irreducible component of C, we associate to it a 0-cycle W, its Weierstrass cycle. Then we show that for each one-parameter family of curves C(t) degenerating to C, and each family of linear systems (L(t),f(t)) along C(t), with L(t) invertible, degenerating to (I,f), the corresponding Weierstrass d…
A protagonist here is a new-type invariant for type II degenerations of K3 surfaces, which is explicit PL (piecewise linear) convex function from the interval with at most 18 non-linear points. Forgetting its actual function behaviour, it also classifies the type II degenerations into several combinatorial types, depending on the type of root lattices as appeared in classical examples. From differential geometric viewpoint, the function is obtained as the density function of the limit measure on the collapsing hyperKahler metrics to conjectural segments, as in the work of Honda-Sun-Zhang. On t…
Let $S$ be a Riemann surface obtained by deleting a finite number of points, called cusps, from a compact Riemann surface. Let $ρ: π_1(S)\to Sl(n, \mathbb{C})$ be a semisimple linear representation of $π_1(S)$ which is unipotent near the cusps. We investigate various cohomologies associated to $ρ$ of $\bar S$ with degenerating coefficients $L_ρ$ (considered as a local system -- a flat vector bundle, a Higgs bundle, or a $\mathcal{D}$-module, depending on the context): the Čech cohomology of $j_*L_ρ$, the $L^2$-cohomology, the $L^2$-Dolbeault cohomology, and the $L^2$-Higgs cohomology, and the …
We analyze the geometry of rational p-division points in degenerating families of elliptic curves in characteristic p. We classify the possible Kodaira symbols and determine for the Igusa moduli problem the reduction type of the universal curve. Special attention is paid to characteristic 2 and 3 where wild ramification and stacky phenomena show up.
Based on Teichmüller theory, we construct a degenerating family $\overline{Y}_g^{orb} \rightarrow \overline{M}_g^{orb}$ over the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space with the natural orbifold structure such that any fibered complex surface admitting unstable fibers can be pulled back from this family.
We complete the topological classification of real algebraic non-singular curves of bidegree $(5, 5)$ on the quadric ellipsoid. We show in particular that previously known restrictions form a complete system for this bidegree. Therefore, the main part of the paper concerns the construction of real algebraic curves. Our strategy is first to reduce to the construction of curves in the second Hirzebruch surface by degenerating the quadric ellipsoid to the quadratic cone. Next, we combine different classical construction methods on toric surfaces, such as Dessin d'enfants and and Viro's patchworki…
A generalized Tate curve is a universal family of curves with fixed genus and degeneration data which becomes Schottky uniformized Riemann surfaces and Mumford curves by specializing moduli and deformation parameters. By considering each generalized Tate curve as a family of degenerating Riemann surfaces, we give explicit formulas of the period isomorphism between its de Rham and Betti cohomology groups, and of the associated objects: Gauss-Manin connection, variation of Hodge structure and monodromy weight filtration. A remarkable fact is that similar formulas hold also for families of Mumfor…
Let C be the union of two general connected, smooth, nonrational curves X and Y intersecting transversally at a point P. Assume that P is a general point of X or of Y. Our main result, in a simplified way, says: Let Q be a point of X. Then Q is the limit of special Weierstrass points on a family of smooth curves degenerating to C if and only if Q is not P and either of the following conditions hold: Q is a special ramification point of the linear system |K_X+(g_Y+1)P|, or Q is a ramification point of the linear system |K_X+(g_Y+1+j)P| for j=-1 or j=1 and P is a Weierstrass point of Y. Above, g…
We study the behaviors of the relative Bergman kernel metrics on holomorphic families of degenerating hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces and their Jacobian varieties. Near a node or cusp, we obtain precise asymptotic formulas with explicit coefficients. In general the Bergman kernels on a given cuspidal family do not always converge to that on the regular part of the limiting surface, which is different from the nodal case. It turns out that information on both the singularity and complex structure contributes to various asymptotic behaviors of the Bergman kernel. Our method involves the classical…
Let W -> A^2 be the universal Weierstrass family of cubic curves over C. For each N >= 2, we construct surfaces parametrizing the three standard kinds of level N structures on the smooth fibers of W. We then complete these surfaces to finite covers of A^2. Since W -> A^2 is the versal deformation space of a cusp singularity, these surfaces convey information about the level structure on any family of curves of genus g degenerating to a cuspidal curve. Our goal in this note is to determine for which values of N these surfaces are smooth over (0,0). From a topological perspective, the results de…
We study the behavior of real-normalized (RN) meromorphic differentials on Riemann surfaces under degeneration. We determine all possible limits of RN differentials in degenerating sequences of smooth curves, and describe the limit in terms of solutions of the corresponding Kirchhoff problem. We further show that the limit of zeroes of RN differentials is the set of zeroes of a twisted meromorphic RN differential, which we explicitly construct. Our main new tool is an explicit solution of the jump problem on Riemann surfaces in plumbing coordinates, by using the Cauchy kernel on the normalizat…
In this article, we study K3 double structures on minimal rational surfaces $Y$. The results show there are infinitely many non-split abstract K3 double structures on $Y = \mathbb{F}_e$ parametrized by $\mathbb P^1$, countably many of which are projective. For $Y = \mathbb{P}^2$ there exist a unique non-split abstract K3 double structure which is non-projective (see Drézet's article in arXiv:2004.04921). We show that all projective K3 carpets can be smoothed to a smooth K3 surface. One of the byproducts of the proof shows that unless $Y$ is embedded as a variety of minimal degree, there are in…
We construct and study curves with low H-constants on abelian and K3 surfaces. Using the Kummer $(16_{6})$-configurations on Jacobian surfaces and some $(16_{10})$-configurations of curves on $(1,3)$-polarized Abelian surfaces, we obtain examples of configurations of curves of genus $>1$ on a generic Jacobian K3 surface with H-constants $<-4$.
We proved the existence of rational curves in every linear system on a general K3 surface and that all rational curves in the hyperplane class are nodal on a general K3 surface of small genus.
We study smooth curves on abelian surfaces, especially for genus 4, when the complementary subvariety in the Jacobian is also a surface. We show that up to translation there is exactly one genus 4 hyperelliptic curve on a general (1, 3)-polarised abelian surface. We investigate these curves and show that their Jacobians contain a surface and its dual as complementary abelian subvarieties.
We complete our study of linear series on curves lying on an Enriques surface by showing that, with the exception of smooth plane quintics, there are no exceptional curves on Enriques surfaces, that is, curves for which the Clifford index is not computed by a pencil.
In this article, we study subloci of solvable curves in $\mathcal{M}_g$ which are contained in either a K3-surface or a quadric or a cubic surface. We give a bound on the dimension of such subloci. In the case of complete intersection genus $g$ curves in a cubic surface, we show that a general such curve is solvable.
In this paper, we study $\mathbb{A}^1$ curves on log K3 surfaces. We classify all genuine log K3 surfaces of type II which admits countably infinite $\mathbb{A}^1$ curves.
We study the bounded negativity conjecture for non-quaternionic Hilbert modular surfaces and give an explicit bound for the special case of Hirzebruch-Zagier curves on Hilbert modular surfaces.
We classify webs of minimal degree rational curves on surfaces and give a criterion for webs being hexagonal. In addition, we classify Neron-Severi lattices of real weak del Pezzo surfaces. These two classifications are related to root subsystems of E8.
Curves of low genus on a surface carry important informations on that surface. We study the Fano surfaces of lines of cubic threefolds that contain 12 or 30 elliptic curves. We determine their Picard number and compute a basis of the Néron-Severi group of the Fano surface of the Fermat cubic threefold.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the question of how many and what kind of cusps a rational cuspidal curve on a Hirzebruch surface can have. We use birational transformations to construct rational cuspidal curves with four cusps on the Hirzebruch surfaces and find associated results for these curves.
We proved that the union of rational curves is dense on a very general K3 surface and the union of elliptic curves is dense in the 1st jet space of a very general K3 surface, both in the strong topology.
We study the configurations of genus 2 curves on the Fano surfaces of cubic threefolds. We establish a link between some involutive automorphisms acting on such a surface S and genus 2 curves on S. We give a partial classification of the Fano surfaces according to the automorphism group generated by these involutions and determine the configurations of their genus 2 curves. We study the Fano surface of the Klein cubic threefold for which the 55 genus 2 curves generate a rank 25=h^{1,1} index 2 subgroup of the Néron-Severi group.
The subject of this paper is the problem of arrangement of a real nonsingular algebraic curve on a real non-singular algebraic surface. This paper contains new restrictions on this arrangement extending Rokhlin and Kharlamov-Gudkov-Krakhnov congruences for curves on surfaces.
