Foliations for Quasi-Fuchsian 3-Manifolds

Minimal Surfaces in Quasi-Fuchsian 3-Manifolds

In this paper, we prove that if a quasi-Fuchsian 3-manifold $M$ contains a simple closed geodesic with complex length $\Lscr=l+iθ$ such that $θ/l\gg{}1$, then it contains at least two minimal surfaces which are incompressible in $M$.

Quasi-Fuchsian 3-Manifolds and Metrics on Teichmüller Space

An almost Fuchsian 3-manifold is a quasi-Fuchsian manifold which contains an incompressible closed minimal surface with principal curvatures in the range of $(-1,1)$. Such a 3-manifold $M$ admits a foliation of parallel surfaces, whose locus in Teichmüller space is represented as a path $γ$, we show that $γ$ joins the conformal structures of the two components of the conformal boundary of $M$. Moreover, we obtain an upper bound for the Teichmüller distance between any two points on $γ$, in particular, the Teichmüller distance between the two components of the conformal boundary of $M$, in term…

AdS 拟 Fuchs 群极限集的正则性

Regularity of limit sets of AdS quasi-Fuchsian groups

本文证明 AdS 拟 Fuchs 群的极限集除 Fuchs 群外均非 C^1 正则，并推出非 Fuchs 群在 PO(n,2) 中 Zariski 稠密。

Multi(de)grafting quasi-Fuchsian complex projective structures via bubbles

We show that the simultaneous (de)grafting of a complex projective structure with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy along a multicurve can be performed by a simple sequence of one bubbling and one debubbling. As a consequence we obtain that any complex projective structure with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy $ρ:π_1(S)\to$ PSL$_2\mathbb{C}$ can be joined to the corresponding uniformizing structure $σ_ρ$ by a simple sequence of one bubbling and one debubbling, with a stopover in the space of branched complex projective structures.

Bubbling complex projective structures with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy

For a given quasi-Fuchsian representation $ρ:π_1(S)\to$ PSL$_2\mathbb{C}$ of the fundamental group of a closed surface $S$ of genus $g\geq 2$, we prove that a generic branched complex projective structure on $S$ with holonomy $ρ$ and two branch points is obtained by bubbling some unbranched structure on $S$ with the same holonomy.

A Brief Note on Foliations of Constant Gaussian Curvature

This note provides an alternative proof of a result of Labourie. We show that the two complements of the convex core of a three dimensional quasi-fuchsian hyperbolic manifold may be foliated by embedded hypersurfaces of constant Gaussian curvature.

Counting Minimal Surfaces in Quasi-Fuchsian three-Manifolds

It is well known that every quasi-Fuchsian manifold admits at least one closed incompressible minimal surface, and at most finitely many of them. In this paper, for any prescribed integer $N>0$, we construct a quasi-Fuchsian manifold which contains at least $2^N$ such minimal surfaces. As a consequence, there exists some simple close Jordan curve on $S^2_\infty$ such that there are at least $2^N$ disk-type complete minimal surface in $\mathbb{H}^3$ sharing this Jordan curve as the asymptotic boundary.

The dual volume of quasi-Fuchsian manifolds and the Weil-Petersson distance

Making use of the dual Bonahon-Schläfli formula, we prove that the dual volume of the convex core of a quasi-Fuchsian manifold $M$ is bounded by an explicit constant, depending only on the topology of $M$, times the Weil-Petersson distance between the hyperbolic structures on the upper and lower boundary components of the convex core of $M$.

Domains of discontinuity for almost-Fuchsian Groups

An almost-Fuchsian group is a quasi-Fuchsian group such that the quotient hyperbolic manifold contains a closed incompressible minimal surface with principal curvatures contained in (-1,1). We show that the domain of discontinuity of an almost-Fuchsian group contains many balls of a fixed spherical radius in the visual boundary of hyperbolic 3-space. This yields a necessary condition for a quasi-Fuchsian group to be almost-Fuchsian which involves only conformal geometry. As an application, we prove that there are no doubly-degenerate geometric limits of almost-Fuchsian groups.

Asymptotically Poincaré surfaces in quasi-Fuchsian manifolds

We introduce the notion of an asymptotically Poincaré family of surfaces in an end of a quasi-Fuchsian manifold. We show that any such family gives a foliation of an end by asymptotically parallel convex surfaces, and that the asymptotic behavior of the first and second fundamental forms determines the projective structure at infinity. As an application, we establish a conjecture of Labourie from 1992 regarding constant Gaussian curvature surfaces. We also derive consequences for constant mean curvature surfaces.

Entropy of embedded surfaces in quasi-fuchsian manifolds

We compare critical exponent for quasi-Fuchsian groups acting on the hyperbolic 3-space, $\mathbb{H}^3$, and on invariant disks embedded in $\mathbb{H}^3$. We give a rigidity theorem for all embedded surfaces when the action is Fuchsian and a rigidity theorem for negatively curved surfaces when the action is quasi-Fuchsian.

Kleinian groups which are almost fuchsian

We consider the space of all quasifuchsian metrics on the product of a surface with the real line. We show that, in a neighborhood of the submanifold consisting of fuchsian metrics, every non-fuchsian metric is completely determined by the bending data of its convex core.

Liouville action and Holography on quasi-Fuchsian deformation spaces

We study the Liouville action for quasi-Fuchsian groups with parabolic and elliptic elements. In particular, when the group is Fuchsian, the contribution of elliptic elements to the classical Liouville action is derived in terms of the Bloch-Wigner functions. We prove the first and second variation formulas for the classical Liouville action on the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space. We prove an equality expressing the holography principle, which relates the Liouville action and the renormalized volume for quasi-Fuchsian groups with parabolic and elliptic elements. We also construct the potentia…

Quasi-Fuchsian manifolds with particles

We consider 3-dimensional hyperbolic cone-manifolds, singular along infinite lines, which are ``convex co-compact'' in a natural sense. We prove an infinitesimal rigidity statement when the angle around the singular lines is less than $π$: any first-order deformation changes either one of those angles or the conformal structure at infinity, with marked points corresponding to the endpoints of the singular lines. Moreover, any small variation of the conformal structure at infinity and of the singular angles can be achieved by a unique small deformation of the cone-manifold structure.

Surfaces of Prescribed Mean Curvature in Quasi-Fuchsian Manifolds

Let $M$ be a quasi-Fuchsian three-manifold that contains a closed incompressible surface with principal curvatures within the range of the unit interval, for a prescribed function $H$ (with mild conditions) on $M$, we construct a closed incompressible surface with mean curvature $H$ . A direct application is the existence of embedded surfaces of prescribed constant mean curvatures with constants in $(-2,2)$.

Convergence of quasi-Fuchsian groups using critical exponent

We prove that a sequence of quasi-Fuchsian representations for which the critical exponent converges to the topological dimension of the boundary of the group (larger than 2), converges up to subsequence and conjugacy to a totally geodesic representation.

Anosov AdS representations are quasi-Fuchsian

Let Gamma be a cocompact lattice in SO(1,n). A representation rho: Gamma \to SO(2,n) is quasi-Fuchsian if it is faithfull, discrete, and preserves an acausal subset in the boundary of anti-de Sitter space - a particular case is the case of Fuchsian representations, ie. composition of the inclusions of Gamma in SO(1,n) and of SO(1,n) in SO(2,n). We prove that if a representation is Anosov in the sense of Labourie then it is also quasi-Fuchsian. We also show that Fuchsian representations are Anosov : the fact that all quasi-Fuchsian representations are Anosov will be proved in a second part by T…

Quasi-Fuchsian AdS representations are Anosov

In a recent paper, Q. Mérigot proved that representations in SO(2,n) of uniform lattices of SO(1,n) which are Anosov in the sense of Labourie are quasi-Fuchsian, i.e. are faithfull, discrete, and preserve an acausal subset in the boundary of anti-de Sitter space. In the present paper, we prove the reverse implication. It also includes: -- A construction of Dirichlet domains in the context of anti-de Sitter geometry, -- A proof that spatially compact globally hyperbolic anti-de Sitter spacetimes with acausal limit set admit locally CAT(-1) Cauchy hypersurfaces.

Cosh-Gordon equation and quasi-Fuchsian groups

We show a few propositions in favour of relations between the phase space of 3D gravity, moduli of quasi-Fuchsian groups, global solutions of cosh-Gordon equations and minimal surfaces in hyperbolic spaces.

Constant curvature foliations on asymptotically hyperbolic spaces

Let $(M,g)$ be an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold with a smooth conformal compactification. We establish a general correspondence between semilinear elliptic equations of scalar curvature type on $\del M$ and Weingarten foliations in some neighbourhood of infinity in $M$. We focus mostly on foliations where each leaf has constant mean curvature, though our results apply equally well to foliations where the leaves have constant $σ_k$-curvature. In particular, we prove the existence of a unique foliation near infinity in any quasi-Fuchsian 3-manifold by surfaces with constant Gauss curvature.…

Riemannian manifolds not quasi-isometric to leaves in codimension one foliations

Every open manifold L of dimension greater than one has complete Riemannian metrics g with bounded geometry such that (L,g) is not quasi-isometric to a leaf of a codimension one foliation of a closed manifold. Hence no conditions on the local geometry of (L,g) suffice to make it quasi-isometric to a leaf of such a foliation. We introduce the `bounded homology property', a semi-local property of (L,g) that is necessary for it to be a leaf in a compact manifold in codimension one, up to quasi-isometry. An essential step involves a partial generalization of the Novikov closed leaf theorem to high…

拟Fuchsian空间的一个度量均匀化模型

A metric uniformization model for the quasi-Fuchsian space

本文通过引入Bers度量构建闭曲面拟Fuchsian空间的均匀化度量模型，推广Berger-Ebin模型，给出Goldman辛形式与Weil-Petersson度量的积分表示，并改进Schwarzian导数界。

准斐希斯流与耦合涡流方程

Quasi-Fuchsian flows and the coupled vortex equations

本文通过耦合涡流方程提出了准斐希斯流的构造方法，并给出了其在热机参数化下的标记长度谱公式。

Deformations of Fuchsian AdS representations are Quasi-Fuchsian

Let $Γ$ be a finitely generated group, and let $\op{Rep}(Γ, \SO(2,n))$ be the moduli space of representations of $Γ$ into $\SO(2,n)$ ($n \geq 2$). An element $ρ: Γ\to \SO(2,n)$ of $\op{Rep}(Γ, \SO(2,n))$ is \textit{quasi-Fuchsian} if it is faithful, discrete, preserves an acausal subset in the conformal boundary $\Ein_n$ of the anti-de Sitter space; and if the associated globally hyperbolic anti-de Sitter space is spatially compact - a particular case is the case of \textit{Fuchsian representations}, i.e. composition of a faithfull, discrete and cocompact representation $ρ_f: Γ\to \SO(1,n)$ an…

Mean Curvature Flows in Almost Fuchsian Manifolds

An almost Fuchsian manifold is a quasi-Fuchsian hyperbolic three-manifold that contains a closed incompressible minimal surface with principal curvatures everywhere in the range of (-1,1). In such a hyperbolic three-manifold, the minimal surface is unique and embedded, hence one can parametrize these three-manifolds by their minimal surfaces. We prove that any closed surface which is a graph over any fixed surface of small principal curvatures can be deformed into the minimal surface via the mean curvature flow. We also obtain an upper bound for the hyperbolic volume of the convex core of M, a…

Curvature of the total space of a Griffiths negative vector bundle and quasi-Fuchsian space

For a holomorphic vector bundle $E$ over a Hermitian manifold $M$ there are two important notions of curvature positivity, the Griffiths positivity and Nakano positivity. We study the consequence of these positivities and the relevant estimates. If $E$ is Griffiths negative over Kähler manifold, then there is a Kähler metric on its total space $E$, and we calculate the curvature and prove the non-positivity of the curvature along the tautological direction. The Nakano positivity can be formulated as a positivity for the Nakano curvature operator and we give estimate the Nakano curvature operat…

超越几乎 Fuchsian 空间

Beyond almost Fuchsian space

本文研究了弱几乎 Fuchsian 流形的几何有限性，构造了其空间的紧化，并据此证明了凸核体积与极限集维数的一致上界及主曲率间隙定理。

Quasi-Fuchsian co-Minkowski manifolds

This survey is an introduction to the geometry of co-Minkowksi space, the space of unoriented spacelike hyperplanes of the Minkowski space. Affine deformations of cocompact lattices of hyperbolic isometries act on it, in a way similar to the way that quasi-Fuchsian groups act on hyperbolic space. In particular, there is a convex core. There is also a unique "mean" hypersurface, i.e. with traceless second fundamental form. The mean distance between the mean hypersurface and the lower boundary of the convex core endows the space of affine deformations of a given lattice with an asymmetric norm. …

曲面上的圆盘丛的几乎富克斯结构

Almost-fuchsian structures on disk bundles over a surface

本文证明了在亏格足够大的曲面上，存在凸余紧表示使得相关的双曲4-流形为度数为d的圆盘丛，并给出了非富克斯形变的广义几乎富克斯表示的例子。

弱几乎Fuchsian流形是近Fuchsian的

Weakly almost-Fuchsian manifolds are nearly-Fuchsian

本文证明含主曲率在[-1,1]的闭极小曲面的双曲三维流形必含主曲率在(-1,1)的邻近曲面，进而推出完备同胚于S×R的此类流形为拟Fuchsian，并否证了2000年代的一个猜想。

复拉格朗日极小曲面、双复希格斯丛与$\boldsymbol{\rm SL}(3,\boldsymbol{\rm C})$-拟富克斯表示

Complex Lagrangian minimal surfaces, bi-complex Higgs bundles and $\mathrm{SL}(3,\mathbb{C})$-quasi-Fuchsian representations

本文引入双复双曲空间中的复拉格朗日极小曲面与双复希格斯丛，推广了多类极小曲面与表示的相关研究，给出$\rm SL(3,\boldsymbol{\rm C})$-拟富克斯表示的参数化并证明其空间具有双复结构。

Liouville action and Weil-Petersson metric on deformation spaces, global Kleinian reciprocity and holography

We rigorously define the Liouville action functional for finitely generated, purely loxodromic quasi-Fuchsian group using homology and cohomology double complexes naturally associated with the group action. We prove that the classical action - the critical point of the Liouville action functional, considered as a function on the quasi-Fuchsian deformation space, is an antiderivative of a 1-form given by the difference of Fuchsian and quasi-Fuchsian projective connections. This result can be considered as global quasi-Fuchsian reciprocity which implies McMullen's quasi-Fuchsian reciprocity. We …

Nearly Fuchsian surface subgroups of finite covolume Kleinian groups

Let Gamma < PSL_2(C) be discrete, cofinite volume, and noncocompact. We prove that for all K > 1, there is a subgroup H < Gamma that is K-quasiconformally conjugate to a discrete cocompact subgroup of PSL_2(R). Along with previous work of Kahn and Markovic, this proves that every finite covolume Kleinian group has a nearly Fuchsian surface subgroup.

Minimal discs in hyperbolic space bounded by a quasicircle at infinity

We prove that the supremum of principal curvatures of a minimal embedded disc in hyperbolic three-space spanning a quasicircle in the boundary at infinity is estimated in a sublinear way by the norm of the quasicircle in the sense of universal Teichmüller space, if the quasicircle is sufficiently close to being the boundary of a totally geodesic plane. As a by-product we prove that there is a universal constant C independent of the genus such that if the Teichmüller distance between the ends of a quasi-Fuchsian manifold $M$ is at most C, then $M$ is almost-Fuchsian. The main ingredients of the…

Constant mean curvature foliation of domains of dependence in $AdS_{3}$

We prove that, given an acausal curve $Γ$ in the boundary at infinity of $AdS_{3}$ which is the graph of a quasi-symmetric homeomorphism $ϕ$, there exists a unique foliation of its domain of dependence $D(Γ)$ by constant mean curvature surfaces with bounded second fundamental form. Moreover, these surfaces provide a family of quasi-conformal extensions of $ϕ$.

凸余紧双曲3-流形的Cheeger常数

Cheeger constant of convex co-compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds

研究拟Fuchsian或无柱型凸余紧双曲3-流形空间中的Cheeger等周常数泛函，证明其全局最大值在Fuchsian轨迹处唯一取得。

Anti-Self-Dual 4-Manifolds, Quasi-Fuchsian Groups, and Almost-Kaehler Geometry

It is known that the almost-Kaehler anti-self-dual metrics on a given 4-manifold sweep out an open subset in the moduli space of anti-self-dual metrics. However, we show here by example that this subset is not generally closed, and so need not sweep out entire connected components in the moduli space. Our construction hinges on an unexpected link between harmonic functions on certain hyperbolic 3-manifolds and self-dual harmonic 2-forms on associated 4-manifolds.

Hyperbolic Structures on 3-manifolds, II: Surface groups and 3-manifolds which fiber over the circle

Geometrization theorem, fibered case: Every three-manifold that fibers over the circle admits a geometric decomposition. Double limit theorem: for any sequence of quasi-Fuchsian groups whose controlling pair of conformal structures tends toward a pair of projectively measured laminations that bind the surface, there is a convergent subsequence. This preprint also analyzes the quasi-isometric geometry of quasi-Fuchsian 3-manifolds. This eprint is based on a 1986 preprint, which was refereed and accepted for publication, but which I neglected to correct and return. The referee's corrections have…

Notes on the Schwarzian tensor and measured foliations at infinity of quasifuchsian manifolds

The boundary at infinity of a quasifuchsian hyperbolic manifold is equiped with a holomorphic quadratic differential. Its horizontal measured foliation $f$ can be interpreted as the natural analog of the measured bending lamination on the boundary of the convex core. This analogy leads to a number of questions. We provide a variation formula for the renormalized volume in terms of the extremal length $\ext(f)$ of $f$, and an upper bound on $\ext(f)$. We then describe two extensions of the holomorphic quadratic differential at infinity, both valid in higher dimensions. One is in terms of Poinca…

Minimal Lagrangian Surfaces in CH2 and Representations of Surface Groups into SU(2,1)

We use an elliptic differential equation of Tzitzeica type to construct a minimal Lagrangian surface in CH2 from the data of a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface and a small holomorphic cubic differential. The minimal Lagrangian surface is invariant under an SU(2,1) action of the fundamental group. We further parameterise a neighborhood of the R-Fuchsian representations in the representation space by pairs consisting of a point in Teichmuller space and a small cubic differential. By constructing a fundamental domain, we show these representations are complex-hyperbolic quasi-Fuchsian, thus rec…

黎曼叶状结构与拟复形

Riemannian foliations and quasifolds

本文证明了在温和完备性条件下，Killing黎曼叶状结构的叶空间是微分拟流形，且其完整群胚在局部上与可数群的作用群胚Morita等价。

Mean Convex Hulls and Least Area Disks spanning Extreme Curves

We show that for any extreme curve in a 3-manifold M, there exist a canonical mean convex hull containing all least area disks spanning the curve. Similar result is true for asymptotic case in hyperbolic 3-space such that for any asymptotic curve, there is a canonical mean convex hull containing all minimal planes spanning that curve. Applying this to quasi-Fuchsian manifolds, we show that for any quasi-Fuchsian manifold, there exist a canonical mean convex core capturing all essential minimal surfaces. On the other hand, we also show that for a generic C^3-smooth curve in the boundary of C^3-…

3维流形中横截叶状结构的交：Hausdorff叶空间蕴含叶状拟测地线

Intersection of transverse foliations in 3-manifolds: Hausdorff leafspace implies leafwise quasi-geodesic

本文研究闭3维流形中两横截二维叶状结构相交所产生的一维叶状结构，证明其叶状拟测地性质等价于万有覆盖中诱导叶状结构具有 Hausdorff 叶空间。

洛伦兹准富克斯曼多形体的谱

Spectra of Lorentzian quasi-Fuchsian manifolds

研究洛伦兹准富克斯曼多形体的空间状测地流谱性质，证明其具有离散的鲁厄共振谱，并探讨伪黎曼拉普拉斯算子的解析延拓与量子共振态。

渐近弗uchs面在封闭双曲3流形中的极限

Limits of asymptotically Fuchsian surfaces in a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold

研究了封闭双曲3流形中渐近弗uchsian面的极限性质，证明其测度极限由双曲测度与完全测地面测度的凸组合构成。

The hyperkähler metric on the almost-Fuchsian moduli space

Donaldon constructed a hyperkähler moduli space $\mathcal{M}$ associated to a closed oriented surface $Σ$ with $\textrm{genus}(Σ) \geq 2$. This embeds naturally into the cotangent bundle $T^*\mathcal{T}(Σ)$ of Teichmüller space or can be identified with the almost-Fuchsian moduli space associated to $Σ$. The later is the moduli space of quasi-Fuchsian threefolds which contain a unique incompressible minimal surface with principal curvatures in $(-1,1)$. Donaldson outlined various remarkable properties of this moduli space for which we provide complete proofs in this paper: On the cotangent-bun…

The complex symplectic geometry of the deformation space of complex projective structures

This article investigates the complex symplectic geometry of the deformation space of complex projective structures on a closed oriented surface of genus at least 2. The cotangent symplectic structure given by the Schwarzian parametrization is studied carefully and compared to the Goldman symplectic structure on the character variety, clarifying and generalizing a theorem of S. Kawai. Generalizations of results of C. McMullen are derived, notably quasi-Fuchsian reciprocity. The symplectic geometry is also described in a Hamiltonian setting with the complex Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates on quasi-…

Prescribing Gauss curvature of surfaces in 3-dimensional spacetimes, Application to the Minkowski problem in the Minkowski space

We study the existence of surfaces with constant or prescribed Gauss curvature in certain Lorentzian spacetimes. We prove in particular that every (non-elementary) 3-dimensional maximal globally hyperbolic spatially compact spacetime with constant non-negative curvature is foliated by compact spacelike surfaces with constant Gauss curvature. In the constant negative curvature case, such a foliation exists outside the convex core. The existence of these foliations, together with a theorem of C. Gerhardt, yield several corollaries. For example, they allow to solve the Minkowski problem in the 3-…

The spectral sequence of the canonical foliation on Vaisman manifolds

In this paper we investigate the spectral sequence associated to a Riemannian foliation which arises naturally on a Vaisman manifold. Using the Betti numbers of the underlying manifold we establish a lower bound for the dimension of some terms of this cohomological object. This way we obtain cohomological obstructions for two-dimensional foliations to be induced from a Vaisman structure. We show that if the foliation is quasi-regular the lower bound is realized. In the final part of the paper we discuss two examples.

Some curvature estimates for Riemannian manifolds equipped with foliations of rank 2

Some curvature estimates are derived from geometrical data concerning quasi-conformality properties of some commuting linearly independent vector fields on a compact Riemannian manifold.

Foliation divisorial contraction by the Sasaki-Ricci flow on Sasakian 5-manifolds

Let (M,η,ξ,Φ,g) be a compact quasi-regular Sasakian 5-manifold with finite cyclic quotient foliation singularities of type (1/r)(1,a). First, we derive the foliation minimal model program by applying the resolution of cyclic quotient foliation singularities. Secondly, based on the study of local model of resolution of foliation singularities, we prove the foliation canonical surgical contraction or the foliation extremal ray contraction under the Sasaki-Ricci flow. As a consequence, we prove a Sasaki analogue of analytic minimal model program with the Keahler-Ricci flow due to Song-Tian and So…

霍金能量的临界面在渐近扁平初值数据集中的叶状结构

Foliations by critical surfaces of the Hawking energy in asymptotically flat initial data sets

本文研究了霍金能量的临界面在渐近Schwarzschild初值数据集中的叶状结构，证明了其存在性和唯一性，并探讨了其坐标中心特性及大球极限下的能量行为。

Minimal surfaces and particles in 3-manifolds

We use minimal (or CMC) surfaces to describe 3-dimensional hyperbolic, anti-de Sitter, de Sitter or Minkowski manifolds. We consider whether these manifolds admit ``nice'' foliations and explicit metrics, and whether the space of these metrics has a simple description in terms of Teichmüller theory. In the hyperbolic settings both questions have positive answers for a certain subset of the quasi-Fuchsian manifolds: those containing a closed surface with principal curvatures at most 1. We show that this subset is parameterized by an open domain of the cotangent bundle of Teichmüller space. Thes…

黎曼曲面上叶状结构对的全纯实现

Holomorphic realizations of pairs of foliations on Riemann surfaces

将 Gardiner-Masur 定理推广到任意双曲黎曼曲面，证明填充叶状结构对可由全纯二次微分的水平与垂直叶状结构实现，并应用于渐近 Plateau 问题及映射类群。