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arXiv 0808.4136astro-phgr-qchep-ph
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超新星激波振荡调制中微子和引力波信号的状态方程相关特征

Equation-of-State Dependent Features in Shock-Oscillation Modulated Neutrino and Gravitational-Wave Signals from Supernovae

A. Marek, H. -Th. Janka, E. Mueller

摘要:

我们提出了2D流体动力学模拟的长期吸积阶段的一个15太阳质量的恒星核心反弹后,发射超新星爆炸之前。我们的模拟与普罗米修斯顶点代码,采用多味,能量依赖的中微子输运和有效的相对论引力势。测试热中子星物质的硬和软状态方程的影响,我们发现,在超新星核心的非径向质量运动,由于站立的吸积激波不稳定性(SASI)和对流施加的中微子和引力波信号的时间变化。这些变化有更大的振幅以及更高的频率的情况下,一个更紧凑的新生中子星。在电子中微子的快速激波爆发之后,一个更致密的吸积残余物辐射出更高亮度和更大平均能量的中微子。在SASI激波振荡方向上可观测到的中微子发射在光度上表现出几个10%的调制,在平均能量上表现出~1 MeV的调制,在典型的SASI频率20-100 Hz处具有最大的功率。在反弹后50-100 ms的时间内,引力波的振幅主要由与各向异性中微子发射相关的低频(<200 Hz)信号控制。高频波信号是由中子星外层的非径向气流引起的,这些气流是由SASI和对流区的各向异性吸积引起的。引力波的能量峰值在300-800赫兹之间,光谱频率明显更高,来自更致密、收缩更快的中子星。简要讨论了中微子和引力波信号中SASI效应的可探测性。(节略)

英文摘要:

We present 2D hydrodynamic simulations of the long-time accretion phase of a 15 solar mass star after core bounce and before the launch of a supernova explosion. Our simulations are performed with the Prometheus-Vertex code, employing multi-flavor, energy-dependent neutrino transport and an effective relativistic gravitational potential. Testing the influence of a stiff and a soft equation of state for hot neutron star matter, we find that the non-radial mass motions in the supernova core due to the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) and convection impose a time variability on the neutrino and gravitational-wave signals. These variations have larger amplitudes as well as higher frequencies in the case of a more compact nascent neutron star. After the prompt shock-breakout burst of electron neutrinos, a more compact accreting remnant radiates neutrinos with higher luminosities and larger mean energies. The observable neutrino emission in the direction of SASI shock oscillations exhibits a modulation of several 10% in the luminosities and ~1 MeV in the mean energies with most power at typical SASI frequencies of 20-100 Hz. At times later than 50-100 ms after bounce the gravitational-wave amplitude is dominated by the growing low-frequency (<200 Hz) signal associated with anisotropic neutrino emission. A high-frequency wave signal is caused by nonradial gas flows in the outer neutron star layers, which are stirred by anisotropic accretion from the SASI and convective regions. The gravitational-wave power then peaks at about 300-800 Hz with distinctively higher spectral frequencies originating from the more compact and more rapidly contracting neutron star. The detectability of the SASI effects in the neutrino and gravitational-wave signals is briefly discussed. (abridged)

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