Jason Behrstock, Mladen Bestvina, Matt Clay
For a fully irreducible automorphism ϕof the free group F_k we compute the asymptotics of the intersection number n \mapsto i(T,T'ϕ^n) for trees T,T' in Outer space. We also obtain qualitative information about the geometry of the Guirardel core for the trees T and T'ϕ^n for n large.
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Let $\operatorname{Aut}(H_1(N_g;\mathbb Z_2),\cdot )$ be the group of automorphisms on the first homology group with $\mathbb Z_2$ coefficient of a closed non-orientable surface $N_g$ preserving the mod $2$ intersection form. In this paper, we obtain a finite presentation for $\operatorname{Aut}(H_1(N_g;\mathbb Z_2),\cdot )$. As applications we calculate the first homology group and the second homology group of $\operatorname{Aut}(H_1(N_g;\mathbb Z_2),\cdot )$.
We show that in the free group of rank 3, given an arbitrary number of automorphisms, the intersection of their fixed subgroups is equal to the fixed subgroup of some other single automorphism.
Automorphism growth and group decompositions
本文研究通过群分解推断自同构和外自同构在整体群上的增长速率问题。
Given an automorphism of a free group $F_n$, we consider the following invariants: $e$ is the number of exponential strata (an upper bound for the number of different exponential growth rates of conjugacy classes); $d$ is the maximal degree of polynomial growth of conjugacy classes; $R$ is the rank of the fixed subgroup. We determine precisely which triples $(e,d,R)$ may be realized by an automorphism of $F_n$. In particular, the inequality $e\le (3n-2)/4}$ (due to Levitt-Lustig) always holds. In an appendix, we show that any conjugacy class grows like a polynomial times an exponential under i…
Growth of automorphisms of virtually special groups
研究虚拟特殊群的外自同构增长速度，证明其增长为多项式或指数，并构建了类似曲面同胚的分解。
In this note we produce examples of outer automorphisms of finitely generated groups which have exotic behaviors in terms of growth of conjugacy classes.
Growth and displacement of free product automorphisms
本文证明不可约自由群自同构的增长率等于其在Culler-Vogtmann空间上的最小Lipschitz位移，并将此结果推广到可约情形及自由积的相对增长率情形。
We prove that an outer automorphism of the free group is exponentially growing if and only if it induces an outer automorphism of infinite order of free Burnside groups with sufficiently large odd exponent.
We prove that the mapping torus group $\FN \rtimes_α \Z$ of any automorphism $α$ of a free group $\FN$ of finite rank $n \geq 2$ is weakly hyperbolic relative to the canonical (up to conjugation) family $\mathcal H(α)$ of subgroups of $\FN$ which consists of (and contains representatives of all) conjugacy classes that grow polynomially under iteration of $α$. Furthermore, we show that $\FN \rtimes_α \Z$ is strongly hyperbolic relative to the mapping torus of the family $\mathcal H(α)$. As an application, we use a result of Drutu-Sapir to deduce that $\FN \rtimes_α \Z$ has Rapic Decay.
We generalize a class of groups defined by Rostislav Grigorchuk to a much larger class of groups, and provide upper and lower bounds for their word growth (they are all of intermediate growth) and period growth (under a small additional condition, they are periodic).
We prove that if F is a finitely generated free group and f:F -> F is an automorphism with polynomial growth of degree d, then there exists a characteristic subgroup S < F of finite index such that the induced automorphism of the abelianisation of S also grows polynomially of degree d. The proof is geometric in nature and makes use of improved relative train track representatives.
We show that the horoboundary of outer space for the Lipschitz metric is a quotient of Culler and Morgan's classical boundary, two trees being identified whenever their translation length functions are homothetic in restriction to the set of primitive elements of $F_N$. We identify the set of Busemann points with the set of trees with dense orbits. We also investigate a few properties of the horoboundary of outer space for the backward Lipschitz metric, and show in particular that it is infinite-dimensional when $N\ge 3$. We then use our description of the horoboundary of outer space to derive…
Homology growth of polynomially growing mapping tori
本文研究多项式增长自同构的映射圆柱的同调增长性质，证明其具有廉价重建性质并显示torsion同调增长在Farber序列下消失。
By using a notion of a geometric Dehn twist in $\sharp_k(S^2 \times S^1)$, we prove that when projections of two $\mathbb{Z}$-splittings to the free factor complex are far enough from each other in the free factor complex, Dehn twist automorphisms corresponding to the $\mathbb{Z}$-splittings generate a free group of rank $2$. Moreover, every element from this free group is either conjugate to a power of one of the Dehn twists or it is a fully irreducible outer automorphism of the free group. We also prove that, when projected to the intersection graph, the same group of Dehn twists produce ato…
It is well known that if a group G factorizes as G = NH where H\leq G and N is normal in G then the group structure of G is determined by the subgroups H and N, the intersection of N with H and how H acts on N with a homomorphism f : H -> Aut(N). Here we generalize the idea by creating extensions using the semi-automorphism group of N. We show that if G=NH is a Moufang loop, N is a normal subloop, and H=<u> is a finite cyclic group of order coprime to three then the binary operation of G depends only on the binary operation of N, the intersection of N with H, and how u permutes the elements of…
We compute the BNS-invariant for the pure symmetric automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups. We use this calculation to show that the pure symmetric automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group is itself not a right-angled Artin group provided that its defining graph contains a separating intersection of links.
A characterization of virtually cyclic outer automorphism groups of right-angled Coxeter groups
本文研究了右角Coxeter群的外自同构群的虚循环性质，通过分析生成特定部分共轭的有限指数子群，确定了SILs、STILs和FSILs的存在与否对代数性质的影响。
The curve complex as a coset intersection complex
本文证明了陪集交复形与曲线复形在测度和同伦上等价，并展示了其自同构群为扩展映射类群，支持伊万诺夫元猜想。
Intersection growth concerns the asymptotic behavior of the index of the intersection of all subgroups of a group that have index at most n. In this note we show that the intersection growth of some groups may not be a nicely behaved function by showing the following seemingly contradictory results: (a) for any group G the intersection growth function i_G(n) is super linear infinitely often; and (b) for any increasing function f there exists a group G such that i_G below f infinitely often.
The intersection growth of a group $G$ is the asymptotic behavior of the index of the intersection of all subgroups of $G$ with index at most $n$, and measures the Hausdorff dimension of $G$ in profinite metrics. We study intersection growth in free groups and special linear groups and relate intersection growth to quantifying residual finiteness.
We introduce a quantitative characterization of subgroup alternatives modeled on the Tits alternative in terms of group laws and investigate when this property is preserved under extensions. We develop a framework that lets us expand the classes of groups known to have locally uniform exponential growth to include extensions of either word hyperbolic or right-angled Artin groups by groups with locally uniform exponential growth. From this, we deduce that the automorphism group of a torsion-free one-ended hyperbolic group has locally uniform exponential growth. Our methods also demonstrate that…
In this paper we show that if S is a simple classical group, a group G is contained in inner-diagonal automorphisms of S and contains S, and H is a solvable Hall subgroup of G, then there exists five conjugates of H, whose intersection is trivial.
We study the minimally displaced set of irreducible automorphisms of a free group. Our main result is the co-compactness of the minimally displaced set of an irreducible automorphism with exponential growth $ϕ$, under the action of the centraliser $C(ϕ)$. As a corollary, we get that the same holds for the action of $<ϕ>$ on $Min(ϕ)$. Finally, we prove that the minimally displaced set of an irreducible automorphism of growth rate one is consisted of a single point.
Centralisers of linear growth automorphisms of free groups
本文研究自由群 Out(F_n) 中线性增长元素的中心化子，通过有限指数子群到等变 McCool 群直积的映射结构，证明其具有 VF 性质并因而有限展示。
We study the automorphisms of graph products of cyclic groups, a class of groups that includes all right-angled Coxeter and right-angled Artin groups. We show that the group of automorphism generated by partial conjugations is itself a graph product of cyclic groups providing its defining graph does not contain any separating intersection of links (SIL). In the case that all the cyclic groups are finite, this implies that the automorphism group is virtually CAT(0); it has a finite index subgroup which acts geometrically on a right-angled building.
Degree growth for tame automorphisms of an affine quadric threefold
本文利用赋值估计和方复形上的群作用，证明了保持仿射二次三维簇的驯顺自同构的动力次数避开 1 和 4/3 之间的值，并刻画了有限多个此类自同构随机乘积的次数增长指数为正的条件。
A criterion for quadratic or higher growth of group automorphisms is established which are represented by graph-of-groups automorphisms with certain well specified properties. As a consequence, it is derived (using results of a previous paper of the author) that every partial Dehn twist automorphism of $\FN$ relative to local Dehn twist automorphisms is either an honest Dehn twist automorphism, or else has quadratic growth.
We give a condition on the defining graph of a right-angled Artin group which implies its automorphism group is virtually indicable, that is, it has a finite-index subgroup that admits a homomorphism onto $\Z$. We use this as part of a criterion that determines precisely when the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group defined on a graph with no separating intersection of links has property (T). As a consequence we also obtain a similar criterion for graphs in which each equivalence class under the domination relation of Servatius generates an abelian group.
PolExp growth for automorphisms of toral relatively hyperbolic groups
研究toral相对双曲群的自同构的PolExp增长，证明共轭长度和词长的增长形式，并推广多项式子群的性质。
Study of the dynamics of automorphisms of a group is usually focused on their growth and/or finite orbits, including fixed points. In this paper, we introduce properties of a different kind; using somewhat informal language, we call them metric properties. Two principal characteristics of this kind are called here the "curl" and the "flux"; there seems to be very little correlation between these and the growth of an automorphism, which means they are likely to be an essentially new tool for studying automorphisms. We also observe that our definitions of the curl and flux are sufficiently gener…
We introduce the notion of `core growth rate' for strongly synchronizing transducers. We explore some elementary properties of the core growth rate and give examples of transducers with exponential core growth rate. We conjecture that all strongly synchronizing transducers which generate an automaton group of infinite order have exponential core growth rate. There is a connection to the group of automorphisms of the one-sided shift. More specifically, the results of this article are related to the question of whether or not there can exist infinite order automorphisms of the one-sided shift wi…
We describe an algorithm that uses Stallings' folding technique to decompose an element of $Aut(F_n)$ as a product of Whitehead automorphisms (and hence as a product of Nielsen transformations.) We use this to give an alternative method of finding a finite generating set for the subgroup of $Aut(F_n)$ that fixes a subset $Y$ of the basis elements, and the subgroup that fixes each element of $Y$ up to conjugacy. We show that the intersection of this latter subgroup with $IA_n$ is also finitely generated.
We generalise the notion of a separating intersection of links (SIL) to give necessary and sufficient criteria on the defining graph $Γ$ of a right-angled Coxeter group $W_Γ$ so that its outer automorphism group is large: that is, it contains a finite index subgroup that admits the free group $F_2$ as a quotient. When $Out(W_Γ)$ is not large, we show it is virtually abelian. We also show that the same dichotomy holds for the outer automorphism groups of graph products of finite abelian groups. As a consequence, these groups have property (T) if and only if they are finite, or equivalently $Γ$ …
Let $ϕ:G \to G$ be a group endomorphism where $G$ is a finitely generated group of exponential growth, and denote by $R(ϕ)$ the number of twisted $ϕ$-conjugacy classes. Fel'shtyn and Hill \cite{fel-hill} conjectured that if $ϕ$ is injective, then $R(ϕ)$ is infinite. This conjecture is true for automorphisms of non-elementary Gromov hyperbolic groups, see \cite{ll} and \cite {fel:1}. It was showed in \cite {gw:2} that the conjecture does not hold in general. Nevertheless in this paper, we show that the conjecture holds for the Baumslag-Solitar groups $B(m,n)$, where either $|m|$ or $|n|$ is gre…
This paper, which is the last of a series of three papers, studies dynamical properties of elements of $\mathrm{Out}(F_{\tt n})$, the outer automorphism group of a nonabelian free group $F_{\tt n}$. We prove that, for every subgroup $H$ of $\mathrm{Out}(F_{\tt n})$, there exists an element $ϕ\in H$ such that, for every element $g$ of $F_{\tt n}$, the conjugacy class $[g]$ has polynomial growth under iteration of $ϕ$ if and only if $[g]$ has polynomial growth under iteration of every element of $H$.
Involutory automorphisms of finite groups of odd order
该文证明奇阶有限群在对合自同构下，若中心化子的幂零剩余阶为m，则导子群的幂零剩余阶仅由m界定，补充了已有结果。
We present the construction of some kind of "convex core" for the product of two actions of a group on $\bbR$-trees. This geometric construction allows to generalize and unify the intersection number of two curves or of two measured foliations on a surface, Scott's intersection number of splittings, and the apparition of surfaces in Fujiwara-Papasoglu's construction of the JSJ splitting. In particular, this construction allows a topological interpretation of the intersection number analogous to the definition for curves in surfaces. As an application of this construction, we prove that an irre…
We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the Choquet-Deny theorem to hold in the class of compactly generated totally disconnected locally compact groups of polynomial growth, and in a larger class of totally disconnected generalized $\ov{FC}$-groups. The following conditions turn out to be equivalent when $G$ is a metrizable compactly generated totally disconnected locally compact group of polynomial growth: (i) the Choquet-Deny theorem holds for $G$; (ii) the group of inner automorphisms of $G$ acts distally on $G$; (iii) every inner automorphism of $G$ is distal; (iv) the contracti…
The Johnson graph $J(n, i)$ is defined as the graph whose vertex set is the set of all $i$-element subsets of $\{1, . . ., n \}$, and two vertices are adjacent whenever the cardinality of their intersection is equal to $i$-1. In Ramras and Donovan [SIAM J. Discrete Math, 25(1): 267-270, 2011], it is proved that if $ n \neq 2i$, then the automorphism group of $J(n, i)$ is isomorphic with the group $Sym(n)$ and it is conjectured that if $n = 2i$, then the automorphism group of $J(n, i)$ is isomorphic with the group $ Sym(n) \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. In this paper, we will find these results by diffe…
Class-preserving Coleman automorphisms of finite groups with Wreathed Sylow 2-subgroups
该研究证明了具有缠绕Sylow 2-子群的有限群的外自同构交集具有奇数阶，并解决了三种特定2-群的正规化问题。
Using a stable equivalence due to Rouquier, we prove that Broue's abelian defect group conjecture holds for 3-blocks of defect 2 whose Brauer correspondent has a unique isomorphism class of simple modules. The proof makes use of the fact, also due to Rouquier, that a stable equivalence of Morita type between self-injective algebras induces an isomorphism between the connected components of the outer automorphism groups of the algebras.
Cubulating mapping tori of some polynomial growth free group automorphisms
本文给出了多项式增长自由群自同构映射环自由作用于 CAT(0) 立方复形的充分条件，利用循环层级与立方小消去理论证明随机幂单多项式增长自同构的映射环可被立方化。
A subgroup $H$ of a free group $F$ is called inert in $F$ if for every $G < F$ the rank of the intersection of $H$ with $G$ is no grater than the rank of $G$. In this paper we expand the known families of inert subgroups. We show that the inertia property holds for 1-generator endomorphisms. Equivalently, echelon subgroups in free groups are inert. An echelon subgroup is defined through a set of generators that are in echelon form with respect to some ordered basis of the free group, and may be seen as a generalization of a free factor. For example, the fixed subgroups of automorphisms of fini…
An acylindrically hyperbolic group of non-uniform exponential growth
构造了一个具有非一致指数增长和Kazhdan性质(T)的圆柱双曲群，该群是递增有限秩自由群的自同构群的公共商。
All polytopes are coset geometries: characterizing automorphism groups of k-orbit abstract polytopes
本文证明任意抽象n-多面体均可作为陪集几何构造，通过生成元、关系和交条件刻画了k-轨道多面体自同构群，并证明对所有k≠2及n≥3存在具有布尔自同构群的k-轨道n-多面体。
Acylindrical hyperbolicity of outer automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups
本文研究了直角Artin群外自同构群的非柱形双曲性，分别在定义图无SIL-pair和有极大SIL-pair系统时，给出了其非柱形双曲性的充要条件及分类定理，揭示了其与部分共轭存在性的关系。
Rigidity and classification results for large-type Artin groups
本文计算了许多大类型Artin群交集图的自同构群，并以此为应用推导出包括外自同构群、可公度性分类及拟等距、测度等价、轨道等价、格嵌入和交叉积von Neumann代数刚性等一系列分类与刚性结果。
We study automorphisms $α$ of a totally disconnected, locally compact group $G$ which are expansive in the sense that, for some identity neighbourhood $U$, the sets $α^n(U)$ (for integers $n$) intersect in the trivial group. Notably, we prove that the automorphism induced by $α$ on $G/N$ for an $α$-stable closed normal subgroup $N$ of $G$ is always expansive. Further results involve the associated contraction groups $U_α$ consisting of all $x$ in $G$ such that $α^n(x) \to e$ as $n$ tends to infinity. If $α$ is expansive, then $W := U_αU_{α^{-1}}$ is an open identity neighbourhood in $G$. We gi…
For a group $G$, let $U$ be the group of units of the integral group ring $\mathbb{Z}G$. The group $G$ is said to have the normalizer property if $\text{N}_U(G)=\text{Z}(U)G$. It is shown that Blackburn groups have the normalizer property. These are the groups which have non-normal finite subgroups, with the intersection of all of them being nontrivial. Groups $G$ for which class-preserving automorphisms are inner automorphisms, $\text{Out}_c(G)=1$, have the normalizer property. Recently, Herman and Li have shown that $\text{Out}_c(G)=1$ for a finite Blackburn group $G$. We show that $\text{ou…
If a finitely generated torsion free group K has the property that all finitely generated subgroups S of K are either small or have growth constant bounded uniformly away from 1 then a non proper HNN extension G of K, that is a semidirect product of K by the integers, has the same property. Here small means cyclic or, if the automorphism has no periodic conjugacy classes, free abelian of bounded rank.
Intersection-saturated groups without free subgroups
本研究提出交饱和群的新判据，据此找到包括Thompson群、Grigorchuk群在内的新实例，证明了无交换自由子群的有限表现交饱和群存在，解决了Delgado等人的问题。
We prove that the growth rate of an endomorphism of a finitely generated nilpotent group equals to the growth rate of induced endomorphism on its abelinization, generalizing the corresponding result for an automorphism in [14]. We also study growth rates of endomorphisms for specific solvable groups, lattices of Sol, providing a counterexample to a known result in [5] and proving that the growth rate is an algebraic number.
The Conjugacy Problem for $Out(F_3)$
本文利用可计算不变量、train track 与映射环面，证明 $Out(F_3)$ 中两类剩余情形的共轭问题可判定，从而解决 $Out(F_3)$ 的共轭问题。
The main result in this paper is the failure of the finitely generated intersection property (FGIP) of ascending HNN extensions of non-cyclic finite rank free groups. This class of group consists of free-by-cyclic groups and properly ascending HNN extensions of free groups. We also give a sufficient condition for the failure of the FGIP in the context of relative hyperbolicity, we apply this to free-by-cyclic groups of exponential growth.
Limit pretrees for free group automorphisms: existence
本文为任意自由群自同构构造具有刚性作用、扩张自同构及双曲元素增长检测性质的实前树，推广度量树理论，并以前树语言实现等变爆破。
We present a normal form for outer automorphisms $ϕ$ of a non-abelian free group $F_N$ which grow quadratically (measured through the maximal growth of conjugacy classes in $F_N$ under iteration of $ϕ$). In analogy to the known normal form for linearly growing automorphisms as efficient Dehn twist, our normal form for $ϕ$ is given in terms of a 2-level Dehn twist on a graph-of-groups $\cal{G}$ with $π_1 {\cal{G}} \cong F_N$, where a conjugacy class of $F_N$ grows at most linearly if and only if it is contained in a vertex group of $\cal{G}$. Our proof is based on earlier work of the second aut…
On the Automorphism Groups of Berman Codes and associated Abelian Codes
本文确定了Berman码及其对偶码的自同构群，并对于n≥5时相关Abelian码给出了精确自同构群，对于n=3时部分参数给出了刻画。
Twisted Conjugacy Growth of the Generalised Heisenberg Groups
该研究确定了广义Heisenberg群自同构的扭曲共轭增长函数形式，通过上下中心序列的维数与秩区分两类增长形式，并证明扭曲共轭增长不超过共轭增长。
Metric dimension and product entropy of group $C^{\ast}$-algebras
研究有限生成离散群的缩减C*代数的度量维数及群C*代数自同构的乘积熵，通过多项式增长性质给出熵的上下界，证明指数增长群的C*代数度量维数通常为无穷大。
For an interval exchange map, the number of discontinuities of its iterates either exhibits linear growth or is bounded. This dichotomy is used to prove that the group of interval exchanges does not contain distortion elements, giving examples of groups that do not act faithfully via interval exchanges. As a further application of this dichotomy, a classification of centralizers in the group of interval exchanges is given. This classification of centralizers is used to compute the automorphism group of the interval exchange group.
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