In this paper we study the almost everywhere convergence of the expansions related to the self-adjoint extension of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere. The sufficient conditions for summability is obtained. The more general properties and representation by the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator of the Liouville space $L_1^\a$ is used.
For the orders of Riesz means, which greater than critical index $\frac{N-1}{2}$ we proved the positive results on summability of Fourier-Laplace series. Note that when order $α$ of Riesz means is less than critical index then for establish of the almost everywhere convergence requests to use other methods form proving negative results. We have constructed different method of summability of Laplace series, which based on spectral expansions property of self-adjoint Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere.
The aim of this paper is to provide characterizations of the Lebesgue-almost everywhere continuity of a function f : [a, b] $\rightarrow$ R. These characterizations permit to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the Riemann integrability of f .
We derive the necessary and sufficient condition for almost sure convergence of the sequence of measurable functions, and consider some applications in the theory of Fourier series and in the theory of random fields.
In this paper, we investigate the convergence of the Bochner-Riesz means on some Sobolev type spaces including $L^p$-Sobolev spaces $(p\geq 1)$ and $H^q$-Sobolev spaces $(0<q<1)$. The relation between the smoothness imposed on functions and the rate of almost everywhere convergence of the generalized Bochner-Riesz means is given.
This paper investigates the differentiability of weak limits of bi-Sobolev homeomorphisms. Given $p>n-1$, consider a sequence of homeomorphisms $f_k$ with positive Jacobians $J_{f_k} >0$ almost everywhere and $\sup_k(\|f_{k}\|_{W^{1,n-1}} + \|f_{k}^{-1}\|_{W^{1,p}}) <\infty$. We prove that if $f$ and $h$ are weak limits of $f_k$ and $f_k^{-1}$, respectively, with positive Jacobians $J_f>0$ and $J_h>0$ a.e., then $h(f(x))=x$ and $f(h(y))=y$ both hold a.e.\ and $f$ and $h$ are differentiable almost everywhere.
In this paper, we develop a thorough analysis of the boundedness properties of the maximal operator for the Bochner-Riesz means related to the Fourier-Bessel expansions. For this operator, we study weighted and unweighted inequalities in the spaces L^p((0,1),x^{2ν+1}dx). Moreover, weak and restricted weak type inequalities are obtained for the critical values of p. As a consequence, we deduce the almost everywhere pointwise convergence of these means.
The main result of this paper is a proof that, for any $f \in L_1[a,b]$, a sequence of its orthogonal projections $(P_{Δ_n}(f))$ onto splines of order $k$ with arbitrary knots $Δ_n$, converges almost everywhere provided that the mesh diameter $|Δ_n|$ tends to zero, namely \[ f \in L_1[a,b] \Rightarrow P_{Δ_n}(f,x) \to f(x) \quad \mbox{a.e.} \quad (|Δ_n|\to 0)\,. \] This extends the earlier result that, for $f \in L_p$, we have convergence $P_{Δ_n}(f) \to f$ in the $L_p$-norm for $1 \le p \le \infty$.}
Let $d\in\mathbb N$ and $f$ be a function in the Orlicz class $L(\log^+L)^{d-1}$ defined on the unit cube $[0,1]^d$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Given partitions $Δ_1,\ldots,$ $Δ_d$ of $[0,1]$, we first prove that the orthogonal projection $P_{(Δ_1,\dots,Δ_d)}(f)$ onto the space of tensor product splines with arbitrary orders $(k_1,\dots, k_d)$ and knots $Δ_1,\ldots,Δ_d$ converges to $f$ almost everywhere as the mesh diameters $|Δ_1|,\ldots, |Δ_{d}|$ tend to zero. This extends the one-dimensional result in [Passenbrunner and Shadrin, Journal of Approximation Theory, 2014] to arbitrary dimensions. In a s…
We prove the analogue of the Martingale Convergence Theorem for polynomial spline sequences. Given a natural number $k $ and a sequence $(t_i)$ of knots in $[0,1]$ with multiplicity $\le k-1$, we let $P_n $ be the orthogonal projection onto the space of spline polynomials in $[0,1] $ of degree $k-1$ corresponding to the grid $(t_i)_{i=1}^n$. Let $X$ be a Banach space with the Radon-Nikodým property. Let $(g_n)$ be a bounded sequence in the Bochner-Lebesgue space $L^1_X [0,1]$ satisfying $$ g_n = P_n ( g_{n+1} ),\qquad n \in \mathbb N . $$ We prove the existence of $\lim_{n\to \infty} g_n(t) $ …
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces, and $T:X^*\to Y$ be an operator. We prove that if $X$ is Asplund and $Y$ has the approximation property, then for each Radon probability $μ$ on $(B_{X^*},w^*)$ there is a sequence of $w^*$-to-norm continuous operators $T_n:X^*\to Y$ such that $\|T_n(x^*)-T(x^*)\| \to 0$ for $μ$-a.e. $x^*\in B_{X^*}$; if $Y$ has the $λ$-bounded approximation property for some $λ\geq 1$, then the sequence can be chosen in such a way that $\|T_n\|\leq λ\|T\|$ for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$. The same conclusions hold if $X$ contains no subspace isomorphic to $\ell_1$, $Y$ has the appro…
We prove an almost everywhere convergence result for Bochner-Riesz means of $L^p$ functions on Heisenberg-type groups, yielding the existence of a $p>2$ for which convergence holds for means of arbitrarily small order. The proof hinges on a reduction of weighted $L^2$ estimates for the maximal Bochner-Riesz operator to corresponding estimates for the non-maximal operator, and a `dual Sobolev trace lemma', whose proof is based on refined estimates for Jacobi polynomials.
We show that a sufficient condition for the weak limit of a sequence of $W^1_q$-homeomorphisms with finite distortion to be almost everywhere injective for $q \geq n-1$, can be stated by means of composition operators. Applying this result, we study nonlinear elasticity problems with respect to these new classes of mappings. Furthermore, we impose loose growth conditions on the stored-energy function for the class of $W^1_n$-homeomorphisms with finite distortion and integrable inner as well as outer distortion coefficients.
The weighted Lebesgue spaces of initial data for which almost everywhere convergence of the heat equation holds was only very recently characterized. In this note we show that the same weighted space of initial data is optimal for the heat--diffusion parabolic equations involving the harmonic oscillator and the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck operator.
Let $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be an open set and let $f\in W^{1,p}(Ω,\mathbb{R}^n)$ be a weak (sequential) limit of Sobolev homeomorphisms. Then $f$ is injective almost everywhere for $p>n-1$ both in the image and in the domain. For $p\leq n-1$ we construct a strong limit of homeomorphisms such that the preimage of a point is a continuum for every point in a set of positive measure in the image and a topological image of a point is a continuum for every point in a set of positive measure in the domain.
The aim of generalized phase retrieval is to recover $\mathbf{x}\in \mathbb{F}^d$ from the quadratic measurements $\mathbf{x}^*A_1\mathbf{x},\ldots,\mathbf{x}^*A_N\mathbf{x}$, where $A_j\in \mathbf{H}_d(\mathbb{F})$ and $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$. In this paper, we study the matrix set $\mathcal{A}=(A_j)_{j=1}^N$ which has the almost everywhere phase retrieval property. For the case $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{R}$, we show that $N\geq d+1$ generic matrices with prescribed ranks have almost everywhere phase retrieval property. We also extend this result to the case where $A_1,\ldots,A_N$ a…
We study pointwise convergence of entangled averages of the form \[ \frac{1}{N^k}\sum_{1\leq n_1,\ldots, n_k\leq N} T_m^{n_{α(m)}}A_{m-1}T^{n_{α(m-1)}}_{m-1}\ldots A_2T_2^{n_{α(2)}}A_1T_1^{n_{α(1)}} f, \] where $f\in L^2(X,μ)$, $α:\left\{1,\ldots,m\right\}\to\left\{1,\ldots,k\right\}$, and the $T_i$ are ergodic measure preserving transformations on the standard probability space $(X,μ)$. We show that under some joint boundedness and twisted compactness conditions on the pairs $(A_i,T_i)$, almost everywhere convergence holds for all $f\in L^2$. We also present results for the general $L^p$ case…
Let $S_λF(x)$ be the spherical partial sums of the multiple Fourier series of function $F\in L_2(\mathbb{T}^N)$. We prove almost-everywhere convergence $S_λF(x)\rightarrow F(x)$ for functions in Sobolev spaces $H_p^a(\mathbb{T}^N)$ provided $1< p \leq 2$ and $a> (N-1)(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2})$. For multiple Fourier integrals this is well known result of Carbery and Soria (1988). To prove our result, we first extend the transplantation technic of Kenig and Tomas (1980) from $L_p$ spaces to $H_p^a$ spaces, then apply it to the Carbery and Soria result.
We extend almost everywhere convergence in Wiener-Wintner ergodic theorem for $σ$-finite measure to a generally stronger almost uniform convergence and present a larger, universal, space for which this convergence holds. We then extend this result to the case with Besicovitch weights.
In this paper, we show that the expansions of functions from $L^p$-Paley-Wiener type spaces in terms of the prolate spheroidal wave functions converge almost everywhere for $1<p<\infty$, even in the cases when they might not converge in $L^p$-norm. We thereby consider the classical Paley-Wiener spaces $PW_c^p\subset L^p(\mathcal{R})$ of functions whose Fourier transform is supported in $[-c,c]$ and Paley-Wiener like spaces $B_{α,c}^p\subset L^p(0,\infty)$ of functions whose Hankel transform $\mathcal{H}^α$ is supported in $[0,c]$.As a side product, we show the continuity of the projection oper…
Given a frequency $λ=(λ_n)$, we study when almost all vertical limits of a $\mathcal{H}_1$-Dirichlet series $\sum a_n e^{-λ_ns}$ are Riesz-summable almost everywhere on the imaginary axis. Equivalently, this means to investigate almost everywhere convergence of Fourier series of $H_1$-functions on so-called $λ$-Dirichlet groups, and as our main technical tool we need to invent a weak-type $(1, \infty)$ Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator for such groups. Applications are given to $H_1$-functions on the infinite dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^\infty$, ordinary Dirichlet series $\sum a_n n^{-s}$, a…
Let $L$ be a non-negative self-adjoint operator acting on the space $L^2(X)$, where $X$ is a metric measure space. Let ${ L}=\int_0^{\infty} λdE_{ L}(λ)$ be the spectral resolution of ${ L}$ and $S_R({ L})f=\int_0^R dE_{ L}(λ) f$ denote the spherical partial sums in terms of the resolution of ${ L}$. In this article we give a sufficient condition on $L$ such that $$ \lim_{R\rightarrow \infty} S_R({ L})f(x) =f(x),\ \ {\rm a.e.} $$ for any $f$ such that ${\rm log } (2+L) f\in L^2(X)$. These results are applicable to large classes of operators including Dirichlet operators on smooth bounded domai…
We address an open problem posed recently by Almeida and Hästö in \cite{AlHa10}. They defined the spaces $\ellqp$ of variable integrability and summability and showed that $\|\cdot|\ellqp\|$ is a norm if $q$ is constant almost everywhere or if $\esssup_{x\in\R^n}1/p(x)+1/q(x)\le 1$. Nevertheless, the natural conjecture (expressed also in \cite{AlHa10}) is that the expression is a norm if $p(x),q(x)\ge 1$ almost everywhere. We show, that $\|\cdot|\ellqp\|$ is a norm, if $1\le q(x)\le p(x)$ for almost every $x\in\R^n.$ Furthermore, we construct an example of $p(x)$ and $q(x)$ with $\min(p(x),q(x…
In this note we announce that under general hypotheses, wavelet-type expansions (of functions in $L^p,\ 1\leq p \leq \infty$, in one or more dimensions) converge pointwise almost everywhere, and identify the Lebesgue set of a function as a set of full measure on which they converge. It is shown that unlike the Fourier summation kernel, wavelet summation kernels $P_j$ are bounded by radial decreasing $L^1$ convolution kernels. As a corollary it follows that best $L^2$ spline approximations on uniform meshes converge pointwise almost everywhere. Moreover, summation of wavelet expansions is parti…
Given a $2$-step stratified group which does not satisfy a slight strengthening of the Moore-Wolf condition, a sub-Laplacian $\mathcal{L}$ and a family $\mathcal{T}$ of elements of the derived algebra, we study the convolution kernels associated with the operators of the form $m(\mathcal{L}, -i \mathcal{T})$. Under suitable conditions, we prove that: i) if the convolution kernel of the operator $m(\mathcal{L},-i \mathcal{T})$ belongs to $L^1$, then $m$ equals almost everywhere a continuous function vanishing at $\infty$ (`Riemann-Lebesgue lemma'); ii) if the convolution kernel of the operator …
We show that L^2-bounded singular integral in metric spaces with respect to general measures and kernels converge weakly. This implies a kind of average convergence almost everywhere. For measures with zero density we prove the almost everywhere existence of principal values.
We define an integral, the distributional integral of functions of one real variable, that is more general than the Lebesgue and the Denjoy-Perron-Henstock-Kurzweil integrals, and which allows the integration of functions with distributional values everywhere or nearly everywhere. Our integral has the property that if $f$ is locally distributionally integrable over the real line and $ψ\in\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}%) $ is a test function, then $fψ$ is distributionally integrable, and the formula% [<\mathsf{f},ψ> =(\mathfrak{dist}) \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x) ψ(x) \,\mathrm{d}% x\,,] defines a distr…
We study the Lusin approximation problem for real-valued measurable functions on Carnot groups. We prove that k-approximate differentiability almost everywhere is equivalent to admitting a Lusin approximation by $C^{k}_{\mathbb{G}}$ maps. We also prove that existence of an approximate (k-1)-Taylor polynomial almost everywhere is equivalent to admitting a Lusin approximation by maps in a suitable Lipschitz function space.
We present a measure-theoretic condition for a property to hold ``almost everywhere'' on an infinite-dimensional vector space, with particular emphasis on function spaces such as $C^k$ and $L^p$. Like the concept of ``Lebesgue almost every'' on finite-dimensional spaces, our notion of ``prevalence'' is translation invariant. Instead of using a specific measure on the entire space, we define prevalence in terms of the class of all probability measures with compact support. Prevalence is a more appropriate condition than the topological concepts of ``open and dense'' or ``generic'' when one desi…
Let $H = -Δ+ |x|^2$ be the Hermite operator in ${\mathbb R}^n$. In this paper we study almost everywhere convergence of the Bochner-Riesz means associated with $H$ which is defined by $S_R^λ(H)f(x) = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \big(1-{2k+n\over R^2}\big)_+^λ P_k f(x).$ Here $P_k f$ is the $k$-th Hermite spectral projection operator. For $2\le p<\infty$, we prove that $$ \lim\limits_{R\to \infty} S_R^λ(H) f=f \ \ \ \text{a.e.} $$ for all $f\in L^p(\mathbb R^n)$ provided that $λ> λ(p)/2$ and $λ(p)=\max\big\{ n\big({1/2}-{1/p}\big)-{1/ 2}, \, 0\big\}.$ Conversely, we also show the convergence gen…
Rademacher theorem states that every Lipschitz function on the Euclidean space is differentiable almost everywhere, where "almost everywhere" refers to the Lebesgue measure. In this paper we prove a differentiability result of similar type, where the Lebesgue measure is replaced by an arbitrary measure $μ$. In particular we show that the differentiability properties of Lipschitz functions at $μ$-almost every point are related to the decompositions of $μ$ in terms of rectifiable one-dimensional measures. As a consequence we obtain a differentiability result for Lipschitz functions with respect …
In this paper we study the almost everywhere convergence of the expansions related to the self-adjoint extension of the Laplace operator. The sufficient conditions for summability is obtained. For the orders of Riesz means, which greater than critical index $\frac{N-1}{2}$ we established the estimation for maximal operator of the Riesz means. Note that when order $α$ of Riesz means is less than critical index then for establish of the almost everywhere convergence requests to use other methods form proving negative results. We have constructed different method of summability of Laplace series,…
