In this paper we investigate existence and characterization of non-radial pseudo-radial (or separable) solutions of some semi-linear elliptic equations on symmetric 2-dimensional domains. The problem reduces to the phase plane analysis of a dynamical system. In particular, we give a full description of the set of pseudo-radial solutions of equations of the form $Δu = \pm a^2(|x|) u|u|^{q-1}$, with $q>0$, $q\neq 1$. We also study such equations over spherical or hyperbolic symmetric domains.
We study radial symmetry of large solutions of the semi-linear elliptic problem Δu + \nabla h.\nabla u = f(|x|,u), and we provide sharp conditions under which the problem has a radial solution. The result is independent of the rate of growth of the solution at infinity.
We prove the existence of infinitely many radial solutions for elliptic systems in Rn with power weights. A key tool for the proof will be a weighted imbedding theorem for fractional-order Sobolev spaces, that could be of independent interest.
In this article a nonlocal elliptic problem involving $p$-Laplacian on unbounded domain is considered. Using variational methods and under suitable conditions, the existence of a sequence of radially symmetric weak solutions, in two different cases, is proved.
In this paper we prove existence of radial solutions for the nonlinear elliptic problem \[ -\mathrm{div}(A(|x|)\nabla u)+V(|x|)u=K(|x|)f(u) \quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N}, \] \noindent with suitable hypotheses on the radial potentials $A,V,K$. We first get compact embeddings of radial weighted Sobolev spaces into sum of weighted Lebesgue spaces, and then we apply standard variational techniques to get existence results.
In this paper, we study the exterior Dirichlet problem for the fully nonlinear elliptic equation $f(λ(D^{2}u))=1$. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of radial solutions with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity.
For a class of one-dimensional linear elliptic fourth-order equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions it is shown that a non-positive and non-vanishing right-hand side gives rise to a negative solution. A similar result is obtained for the same class of equations for radially symmetric solutions in a ball or in an annulus. Several applications are given, including applications to nonlinear equations and eigenvalue problems.
We consider degenerated nonlinear PDE of elliptic type: $$ - \mathrm{div}(a(|x|)|\nabla w(x)|^{p-2} \nabla w(x)) + h(|x|,w(x),\langle\nabla w(x),\frac{x}{|x|}\rangle)=ϕ(w(x)), $$ where $x$ belongs to the ball in $\bf{R}^n$. Using the argument based on Opial-type inequalities, we investigate qualitative properties of their radial solutions, like e.g. maximum principles, monotonicity, as well as nonexistence of the nontrivial solutions.
We study sign-changing radial solutions for the following semi-linear elliptic equation \begin{align*} Δu-u+|u|^{p-1}u=0\quad{\rm{in}}\ \mathbb{R}^N,\quad u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{align*} where $1<p<\frac{N+2}{N-2}$, $N\geq3$. It is well-known that this equation has a unique positive radial solution and sign-changing radial solutions with exactly $k$ nodes. In this paper, we show that such sign-changing radial solution is also unique when $p$ is close to $\frac{N+2}{N-2}$. Moreover, those solutions are non-degenerate, i.e., the kernel of the linearized operator is exactly $N$-dimensional.
We consider weak positive solutions to the critical $p$-Laplace equation with Hardy potential in $\mathbb R^N$ $$-Δ_p u -\fracγ{|x|^p} u^{p-1}=u^{p^*-1}$$ where $1<p<N$, $0\le γ<\left(\frac{N-p}{p}\right)^p$ and $p^*=\frac{Np}{N-p}$. The main result is to show that all the solutions in $\mathcal D^{1, p}(\mathbb R^N)$ are radial and radially decreasing about the origin.
In this paper we study entire radial solutions for the quasilinear $p$-Laplace equation $Δ_p u + k(x) f(u) = 0$ where $k$ is a radial positive weight and the nonlinearity behaves e.g. as $f(u)=u|u|^{q-2}-u|u|^{Q-2}$ with $q<Q$. In particular we focus our attention on solutions (positive and sign changing) which are infinitesimal at infinity, thus providing an extension of a previous result by Tang (2001).
This paper is concerned with the following system of elliptic equations {equation*} \{{array}{ll} -Δu+u= F_u(|x|,u,v), & \hbox{} -Δv+v=- F_v(|x|,u,v), & \hbox{} \,\,\,\,\,u,v\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N). & \hbox{} {array}. {equation*} It is shown that if $F$ is odd in $(u,v)$ and satisfy some growth conditions, then $(\mathcal{S})$ has infinitely many both radial and nonradial solutions. The proof relies on the Principle of Symmetric Criticality and a generalized Fountain Theorem for strongly indefinite functionals.
We study global properties of positive radial solutions of --$Δ$u = up +M |$\nabla$u|p+1 in RN wherep > 1 and M is a real number. We prove the existence or the non-existence of ground states and of solutions with singularity at 0 according to the values of M and p.
Positive solutions of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problems or initial-value problems for certain elliptic or parabolic equations must be radially symmetric and monotone in the radial direction if just one of their level surfaces is parallel to the boundary of the domain. Here, for the elliptic case, we prove the stability counterpart of that result. In fact, we show that if the solution is almost constant on a surface at a fixed distance from the boundary, then the domain is almost radially symmetric, in the sense that is contained in and contains two concentric balls $B_{r_e}$ and $B…
We study a system of pseudodifferential equations that is elliptic in the sense of Petrovskii on a closed compact smooth manifold. We prove that the operator generated by the system is Fredholm one on a refined two-sided scale of the functional Hilbert spaces. Elements of this scale are the special isotropic spaces of Hörmander--Volevich--Paneah.
In this paper, we prove that there exists at most one positive radial weak solution to the following quasilinear elliptic equation with singular critical growth \[ \begin{cases} -Δ_{p}u-{\displaystyle \fracμ{|x|^{p}}|u|^{p-2}u}{\displaystyle =\frac{|u|^{\frac{(N-s)p}{N-p}-2}u}{|x|^{s}}}+λ|u|^{p-2}u & \text{in }B,\\ u=0 & \text{on }\partial B, \end{cases} \] where $B$ is an open finite ball in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ centered at the origin, $1<p<N$, $-\infty<μ<((N-p)/p)^{p}$, $0\le s<p$ and $λ\in\mathbb{R}$. A related limiting problem is also considered.
We verify the existence of radial positive solutions for the semi-linear equation $$ -\,Δu=u^{p}\,-\,V(y)\,u^{q},\,\quad\quad u>0,\quad\quad\mbox{ in }\mathbb{R}^N$$ where $N\geq 3$, $p$ is close to $p^*:=(N+2)/(N-2)$, and $V$ is a radial smooth potential. If $q$ is super-critical, namely $q>p^*$, we prove that this Problem has a radial solution behaving like a super-position of bubbles blowing-up at the origin with different rates of concentration, provided $V(0)<0$. On the other hand, if $N/(N-2)<q<p^*$, we prove that this Problem has a radial solution behaving like a super-position of {\it …
In this article we consider the system of equations Δu_{i}=p_{i}(x)f_{i}(u_{1},...,u_{d}) for i=1,...,d on R^{N}, N\geq3 and d\in{1,2,3,4,...}. We prove that the considered system has a bounded positive entire solution under some conditions on p_{i} and f_{i}. Also, we give a necessary condition as well as a sufficient condition for a positive radial solution to be large. The method of proving theorems is essentially based on a successive approximation. Furthermore, a non-radially symmetric solution is obtained by using a lower and upper solution method.
This paper is devoted to the study of semi-stable radial solutions $u\in H^1(B_1)$ of $-Δu=g(u) {in} B_1\setminus \{0\}$, where $g\in C^1(R)$ is a general nonlinearity and $B_1$ is the unit ball of $R^N$. We establish sharp pointwise estimates for such solutions. As an application of these results, we obtain optimal pointwise estimates for the extremal solution and its derivatives (up to order three) of the semilinear elliptic equation $-Δu=λf(u)$, posed in $B_1$, with Dirichlet data $u|_{\partial B_1}=0$, and a continuous, positive, nondecreasing and convex function $f$ on $[0,\infty)$ such t…
In this paper, we prove the existence of non-radial solutions to the problem $-\triangle u=f(z,u)$, $u|_{\partial D}=0$ on the unit disc $D:=\{z\in \mathbb C : |z|<1\}$ with $u(z)\in \mathbb R^k$, where $f$ is a sub-linear continuous function, differentiable with respect to $u$ at zero and satisfying $f(e^{iθ}z,u) = f(z,u)$ for all $θ\in \mathbb R$, $f(z,-u)=- f(z,u)$. Under the assumption that $f$ respects additional (spacial) symmetries on $\mathbb R^k$, we investigate symmetric properties of the corresponding non-radial solutions. The abstract result is supported by a numerical example with…
Let $n\geq 3$, $α$, $β\in\mathbb{R}$, and let $v$ be a solution $Δv+αe^v+βx\cdot\nabla e^v=0$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, which satisfies the conditions $\lim_{R\to\infty}\frac{1}{\log R}\int_{1}^{R}ρ^{1-n} (\int_{B_ρ}e^v\,dx)dρ\in (0,\infty)$ and $|x|^2e^{v(x)}\le A_1$ in $\R^n$. We prove that $\frac{v(x)}{\log |x|}\to -2$ as $|x|\to\infty$ and $α>2β$. As a consequence under a mild condition on $v$ we prove that the solution is radially symmetric about the origin.
We obtain an improved version of a recent result concerning the existence of nonnegative nonradial solutions $u\in D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})\cap L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N},\left| x\right| ^{-α}dx)$ to the equation \[ -\triangle u+\displaystyle\frac{A}{\left| x\right| ^{α}}u=f\left( u\right) \quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},\quad N\geq 3,\quad A,α>0, \] where $f$ is a continuous nonlinearity satisfying $f\left( 0\right) =0$.
We construct radial self-similar solutions of the, so called, minimal parabolic-elliptic Keller--Segel model in several space dimensions with radial, nonnegative initial conditions with are below the Chandrasekhar solution -- the singular stationary solution of this system.
We study positive radial solutions of quasilinear elliptic systems with a gradient term in the form $$ \left\{ \begin{aligned} Δ_{p} u&=v^{m}|\nabla u|^α&&\quad\mbox{ in }Ω,\\ Δ_{p} v&=v^β|\nabla u|^{q} &&\quad\mbox{ in }Ω, \end{aligned} \right. $$ where $Ω\subset\R^N$ $(N\geq 2)$ is either a ball or the whole space, $1<p<\infty$, $m, q>0$, $α\geq 0$, $0\leq β\leq m$ and $(p-1-α)(p-1-β)-qm\neq 0$. We first classify all the positive radial solutions in case $Ω$ is a ball, according to their behavior at the boundary. Then we obtain that the system has non-constant global solutions if and only if…
We consider the equation $-Δu= |x|^α|u|^{p-1}u$ for any $α\geq 0$, either in $\mathbb R^2$ or in the unit ball $B$ of $\mathbb R^2$ centered at the origin with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. We give a sharp description of the asymptotic behavior as $p\rightarrow +\infty$ of all the radial solutions to these problems. In particular, we show that there is no uniform a priori bound (in $p$) for nodal solutions under Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. This contrasts with the recently shown fact that positive solutions have uniform a priori bounds for $α=0$ and Dirichlet boundary …
In this paper, we study the $M$-ellipticity of Fredholm pseudo-differential operators associated with weighted symbols on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $1 < p < \infty$. We also prove the Gårding's inequality for $M$-elliptic operators and the hybrid class of pseudo-differential operators, namely SG$M$-elliptic operators.
We are concerned with the existence and boundary behaviour of positive radial solutions for the system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} Δu&=|x|^{a}v^{p} &&\quad\mbox{ in } Ω, \\ Δv&=|x|^{b}v^{q}f(|\nabla u|) &&\quad\mbox{ in } Ω, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset \bR^N$ is either a ball centered at the origin or the whole space $\bR^N$, $a$, $b$, $p$, $q> 0$, and $f \in C^1[0, \infty)$ is an increasing function such that $f(t)> 0$ for all $t> 0$. Firstly, we study the existence of positive radial solutions in case when the system is posed in a ball corresponding to…
In this paper, we deal with the following quasilinear elliptic system involving gradient terms in the form: \begin{center} $\begin{cases} Δ_p u= v^m| \nabla u |^α& \text{in}\quad Ω\\ Δ_p v= v^β| \nabla u |^q & \text{in}\quad Ω, \end{cases}$ \end{center} where $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^N(N\geq 2)$ is either equal to $ \mathbb{R}^N $ or equal to a ball $B_R$ centered at the origin and having radius $R>0$, $1<p<\infty$, $m,q>0$, $α\geq 0$, $0\leq β\leq m$ and $δ:=(p-1-α)(p-1-β)-qm \neq 0$. Our aim is to establish the asymptotics of the blowing-up radial solutions to the above system. Precisely, we prov…
We provide new results on the existence, non-existence and multiplicity of non-negative radial solutions for semilinear elliptic systems with Neumann boundary conditions on an annulus. Our approach is topological and relies on the classical fixed point index. We present an example to illustrate our theory.
We are concerned with the existence and boundary behaviour of positive radial solutions for the system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} Δu&=g(|x|,v(x)) &&\quad\mbox{in}\ Ω, \\ Δv&=f(|x|,|\nabla u(x)|) &&\quad\mbox{in}\ Ω, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is either a ball centered at the origin or the whole space $\mathbb{R}^N$, and $f,g\in C^{1}([0,\infty)\times [0,\infty))$, are non-negative, and increasing. Firstly, we study the existence of positive radial solutions in the case when the system is posed in a ball corresponding to their behaviour at…
We develop an $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$-functional calculus appropriated for interpreting "non-classical symbols" of the form $a(-Δ)$, and for proving existence in $L^q(\mathbb{R}^n)$, some $q > p$, of solutions to nonlinear pseudo-differential equations of the form $[1 + a(-Δ)]^{s/2} (u) = V(\cdot, u)$. More precisely, we use the theory of Fourier multipliers for constructing suitable domains on which the formal operator appearing in the above equation can be rigorously defined, and we prove existence of solutions belonging to these domains. We also include applications of the theory to equations o…
Liouville theorems for scaling invariant nonlinear elliptic systems (saying that the system does not possess nontrivial entire solutions) guarantee a priori estimates of solutions of related, more general systems. Assume that $p=2q+3>1$ is Sobolev subritical, $n\le3$ and $β\in{\mathbb R}$. We first prove a Liouville theorem for the system $$\left.\begin{aligned} -Δu &=|u|^{2q+2}u+β|v|^{q+2}|u|^q u, \\ -Δv &=|v|^{2q+2}v+β|u|^{q+2}|v|^q v, \end{aligned}\ \right\} \quad\hbox{in}\quad {\mathbb R}^n,$$ in the class of radial functions $(u,v)$ such that the number of nodal domains of $u,v,u-v,u+v$ i…
In this paper we prove that the equation $ -( r^αϕ(|u'(r)|)u'(r))' = λr^γf(u(r)), ~0<r<R$, where $α, γ, {\bf{R}}$ are given real numbers, $ϕ: (0, \infty) \to (0, \infty)$ is a suitable twice differentiable function, $λ> 0$ is a real parameter and $f:{\bf{R}}\to{\bf{R}}$ is continuous, admits an infinite sequence of sign-changing solutions satisfying $u'(0) =u(R) =0$. The function $f$ is required to satisfy $tf(t)>0$ for $ t\neq 0$. Our technique explores fixed point arguments applied to suitable integral equations and shooting arguments. Our main result extends earlier ones in the case $ϕ$ is …
We are concerned with non-constant positive radial solutions of the system $$ \left\{ \begin{aligned} S_k(D^2 u)&=|\nabla u|^{m} v^{p}&&\quad\mbox{ in }Ω,\\ S_k(D^2 v)&=|\nabla u|^{q} v^{s} &&\quad\mbox{ in }Ω, \end{aligned} \right. $$ where $S_k(D^2u)$ is the $k$-Hessian operator of $u\in C^2(Ω)$ ($1\leq k\leq N$) and $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^N$ $(N\geq 2)$ is either a ball or the whole space. The exponents satisfy $q>0$, $m,s\geq 0$, $p\geq s\geq 0$ and $(k-m)(k-s)\neq pq$. In the case where $Ω$ is a ball, we classify all the positive radial solutions according to their behavior at the boundary. …
In this article we prove some Lipschitz estimates and existence result for a class of degenerate fully nonlinear elliptic equations which are a generalization of the pseudo p-Laplacian. The operators are degenerate elliptic at any point where even only one partial derivative of the solution is zero.
We study the regularity of stable solutions to the problem $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{rcll} (-Δ)^s u &=& f(u) & \text{in} \quad B_1\,, u &\equiv&0 & \text{in} \quad \mathbb R^n\setminus B_1\,, \end{array} \right. $$ where $s\in(0,1)$. Our main result establishes an $L^\infty$ bound for stable and radially decreasing $H^s$ solutions to this problem in dimensions $2 \leq n < 2(s+2+\sqrt{2(s+1)})$. In particular, this estimate holds for all $s\in(0,1)$ in dimensions $2 \leq n\leq 6$. It applies to all nonlinearities $f\in C^2$. For such parameters $s$ and $n$, our result leads to the regularity of …
We study the quasilinear equation \[(P)\qquad - {\rm div} (A(x,u) |\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u) + \frac1p\ A_t(x,u) |\nabla u|^p + |u|^{p-2}u\ =\ g(x,u) \qquad \hbox{in ${\mathbb R}^N$,} \] with $N\ge 3$, $p > 1$, where $A(x,t)$, $A_t(x,t) = \frac{\partial A}{\partial t}(x,t)$ and $g(x,t)$ are Carathéodory functions on ${\mathbb R}^N \times {\mathbb R}$. Suitable assumptions on $A(x,t)$ and $g(x,t)$ set off the variational structure of $(P)$ and its related functional ${\cal J}$ is $C^1$ on the Banach space $X = W^{1,p}({\mathbb R}^N) \cap L^\infty({\mathbb R}^N)$. In order to overcome the lack o…
Many existence and nonexistence results are known for nonnegative radial solutions $u\in D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})\cap L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N},\left|x\right| ^{-α}dx)$ to the equation \[ -\triangle u+\dfrac{A}{\left| x\right| ^{α}}u=f\left( u\right) \quad \textrm{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},\quad N\geq 3,\quad A,α>0, \] with nonlinearites satisfying $\left| f\left( u\right) \right| \leq \left(\mathrm{const.}\right) u^{p-1}$ for some $p>2$. Existence of nonradial solutions, by contrast, is known only for $N\geq 4$, $α=2$, $f\left( u\right) =u^{(N+2)/(N-2)}$ and $A$ large enough. Here we show that the equatio…
We investigate the next Trudinger-Moser critical equations, \[ \begin{cases} -Δu=λue^{u^2+α|u|^β}&\text{ in }B,\\ u=0&\text{ on }\partial B, \end{cases} \] where $α>0$, $(λ,β)\in(0,\infty)\times(0,2)$ and $B\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ is the unit ball centered at the origin. We classify the asymptotic behavior of energy bounded sequences of radial solutions. Via the blow--up analysis and a scaling technique, we deduce the limit profile, energy, and several asymptotic formulas of concentrating solutions together with precise information of the weak limit. In particular, we obtain a new necessary cond…
We are concerned with the classification of positive radial solutions for the system $Δu=v^p$, $Δv=f(|\nabla u|)$, where $p>0$ and $f\in C^1[0,\infty)$ is a nondecreasing function such that $f(t)>0$ for all $t>0$. We show that in the case where the system is posed in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^N$ such solutions exist if and only if $\displaystyle\int_{1}^\infty \Big(\displaystyle \int_0^s F(t)dt \Big)^{-p/(2p+1)} ds =\infty$. This is the counterpart of the Keller-Osserman condition for the case of single semilinear equation. Similar optimal conditions are derived in case where the system is p…
We prove new results on the existence, non-existence, localization and multiplicity of nontrivial radial solutions of a system of elliptic boundary value problems on exterior domains subject to nonlocal, nonlinear, functional boundary conditions. Our approach relies on fixed point index theory. As a by-product of our theory we provide an answer to an open question posed by do {Ó}, Lorca, Sánchez and Ubilla. We include some examples with explicit nonlinearities in order to illustrate our theory.
The necessary and sufficient conditions for a regular positive entire solution $u$ of the biharmonic equation: \begin{equation} \label{0.1} -Δ^2 u=u^{-p} \;\; \mbox{in $\R^N \; (N \geq 3)$}, \;\; p>1 \end{equation} to be a radially symmetric solution are obtained via the moving plane method (MPM) of a system of equations. It is well-known that for any $a>0$, \eqref{0.1} admits a unique minimal positive entire radial solution ${\underline u}_a (r)$ and a family of non-minimal positive entire radial solutions $u_a (r)$ such that $u_a (0)={\underline u}_a (0)=a$ and $u_a (r) \geq {\underline u}_a…
In this paper we study the positive solutions of sub linear elliptic equations with a Hardy potential which is singular at the boundary. By means of ODE techniques a fairly complete picture of the class of radial solutions is given. Local solutions with a prescribed growth at the boundary are constructed by means of contraction operators. Some of those radial solutions are then used to construct ordered upper and lower solutions in general domains. By standard iteration arguments the existence of positive solutions is proved. An important tool is the Hardy constant.
Assuming $B_{R}$ is a ball in $\mathbb R^{N}$, we analyze the positive solutions of the problem \[ \begin{cases} -Δu+u= |u|^{p-2}u, &\text{ in } B_{R},\newline \partial_νu=0,&\text{ on } \partial B_{R}, \end{cases} \] that branch out from the constant solution $u=1$ as $p$ grows from $2$ to $+\infty$. The non-zero constant positive solution is the unique positive solution for $p$ close to $2$. We show that there exist arbitrarily many positive solutions as $p\to\infty$ (in particular, for supercritical exponents) or as $R \to \infty$ for any fixed value of $p>2$, answering partially a conjectu…
We prove the uniqueness of positive radial solutions for a class of quasi-linear elliptic problems containing, in particular, the quasi-linear Schrodinger equation.
It was recently shown by the authors that a semilinear elliptic equation can be represented as an infinite-dimensional dynamical system in terms of boundary data on a shrinking one-parameter family of domains. The resulting system is ill-posed, in the sense that solutions do not typically exist forward or backward in time. In this paper we consider a radial family of domains and prove that the linearized system admits an exponential dichotomy, with the unstable subspace corresponding to the boundary data of weak solutions to the linear PDE. This generalizes the spatial dynamics approach, which…
We provide new results on the existence, non-existence, localization and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for systems of Hammerstein integral equations. Some of the criteria involve a comparison with the spectral radii of some associated linear operators. We apply our results to prove the existence of multiple nonzero radial solutions for some systems of elliptic boundary value problems subject to nonlocal boundary conditions. Our approach is topological and relies on the classical fixed point index. We present an example to illustrate our theory.
