Takahiro Hayata, Masao Ishikawa
The aim of this paper is to give an elementary proof of certain identities on binomials and state an answer to Remark 8.2 in Takahiro Hayata, Harutaka Koseki, and Takayuki Oda, Matrix coefficients of the middle discrete series of SU(2,2), J. Funct. Anal. 185 (2001), 297-341.
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The middle binomial coefficients can be interpreted as numbers of Motzkin paths which have no horizontal steps at positive heights. Assigning suitable weights gives some nice polynomial extensions. We determine the Hankel determinants and their generating functions for the middle binomial coefficients and derive many conjectures for their polynomial extensions. Finally, we explore experimentally some modifications of the middle binomial coefficients whose Hankel determinants show an interesting modular pattern and obtain some q-analogs.
The article describes prime intervals into the prime factorization of the middle binomial coefficient. Prime factors and prime powers are distributed in layers. Each layer consists of non-repeated prime numbers which are chosen (not calculated) from the noncrossing prime intervals. Repeated factors are formed when primes are duplicated among different layers.
We find the joint distribution of three simple statistics on lattice paths of n upsteps and n downsteps leading to a triple sum identity for the central binomial coefficient {2n}-choose-{n}. We explain why one of the constituent double sums counts the irreducible pairs of compositions considered by Bender et al., and we evaluate some of the other sums.
In 2002 Zhi-Wei Sun [Integers 2(2002)] published a curious identity involving binomial coefficients. In this paper we present a generalization of the identity.
A combinatorial identity that was needed in Ahlgren and Ono's proof of a certain congruence conjecture of Frits Beukers is stated, and a pointer to its WZ proof is given.
Using a property of the q-shifted factorial, an identity for q-binomial coefficients is proved, which is used to derive the formulas for the q-binomial coefficient for negative arguments. The result is in agreement with an earlier paper about the normal binomial coefficient for negative arguments. Some new q-binomial summation identities are derived, and the formulas for negative arguments transform some of these summation identities into each other. One q-binomial summation identity is transformed into a new q-binomial summation identity.
We prove a double binomial sum identity which differs from most binomial sum identities in that the summands involve the absolute value function. The identity is of interest because it can be used in proofs of lower bounds for the Hadamard maximal determinant problem. Our proof of the identity uses a two-variable variant of the method of telescoping sums.
The aim of this paper is to present a general algebraic identity. Applying this identity, we provide several formulas involving the q-binomial coefficients and the q-harmonic numbers. We also recover some known identities including an algebraic identity of D. Y. Zheng on q-Apéry numbers and we establish the q-analog of Euler's formula. The proposed results may have important applications in the theory of q-supercongruences.
It is shown that the curious identity of Simons follows immediately from Euler's series transformation formula and also from an identity due to Ljunggren. The relation of Simons' identity to Legendre's polynomials is also discussed. At the end we use the generalized Euler series transformation to obtain two recent binomial identities of Munarini.
An identity relating $n$-nacci numbers, partitions, and products of binomial coefficients
本文通过研究最终类型和其相关划分，推导出n-nacci数的恒等式，并比较了不同偏序关系。
We extend the digital binomial identity as given by Nguyen el al. to an identity in an arbitrary base $b$, by introducing the $b-$ary binomial coefficients. We then study the properties of these coefficients such as orthogonality, a link to Lucas' theorem and the corresponding $b-$ary Pascal triangles.
Classical binomial identities are established by giving probabilistic interpretations to the summands. The examples include Vandermonde identity and some generalizations.
In previous work on Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, certain remarkable hexagonal arrays of integers are constructed that display behaviors found in Pascal's Triangle. We explain these behaviors further using the binomial transform and discrete convolution. Here we begin by introducing the notion of a binomial array and develop several "hockey stick" rules. Then we give an algorithm that generalizes the classical Vandermonde Identity; this produces infinite families of summation formulas, which we use to expand and prove certain combinatorial identities for the Catalan numbers. Finally, we recast …
For non-negative integers $k\leq n$, we prove a combinatorial identity for the $p$-binomial coefficient $\binom{n}{k}_p$ based on abelian p-groups. A purely combinatorial proof of this identity is not known. While proving this identity, for $r\in \mathbb{N}\cup\{0\},s\in \mathbb{N}$ and $p$ a prime, we present a purely combinatorial formula for the number of subgroups of $\mathbb{Z}^s$ of finite index $p^r$ with quotient isomorphic to the finite abelian $p$-group of type $\underlineλ$, which is a partition of $r$ into at most $s$ parts. This purely combinatorial formula is similar to that for …
We present a different proof of the following identity due to Munarini, which generalizes a curious binomial identity of Simons. \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binomα{n-k}\binom{β+k}{k}x^k &=\sum_{k=0}^{n}(-1)^{n+k}\binom{β-α+n}{n-k}\binom{β+k}{k}(x+1)^k, \end{align*} where $n$ is a non-negative integer and $α$ and $β$ are complex numbers, which are not negative integers. Our approach is based on a particularly interesting combination of the Taylor theorem and the Wilf-Zeilberger algorithm. We also generalize a combinatorial identity due to Alzer and Kouba, and offer a new binomial sum identity…
The main result of this paper is to show that all binomial identities are orderable. This is a natural statement in the combinatorial theory of finite sets, which can also be applied in distributed computing to derive new strong bounds on the round complexity of the weak symmetry breaking task. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of a fundamental binomial identity and find an infinite family of values, other than the prime powers, for which no fundamental binomial identity can exist.
In this paper, we prove the following identity $$ \lcm({n\brack 0}_q,{n\brack 1}_q,...,{n\brack n}_q) =\frac{\lcm([1]_q,[2]_q,...,[n+1]_q)}{[n+1]_q}, $$ where ${n\brack k}_q$ denotes the $q$-binomial coefficient and $[n]_q=\frac{1-q^n}{1-q}$. This result is a $q$-analogue of an identity of Farhi [Amer. Math. Monthly, November (2009)].
The Vandermonde-Chu Binomial Coefficients Identity is shown to imply Bombieri's deep norm inequalities, via identities of Beauzamy-Dégot, and Reznick.
The definition of the binomial coefficient in terms of gamma functions also allows non-integer arguments. For nonnegative integer arguments the gamma functions reduce to factorials, leading to the well-known Pascal triangle. Using a symmetry formula for the gamma function, this definition is extended to negative integer arguments, making the symmetry identity for binomial coefficients valid for all integer arguments. The agreement of this definition with some other identities and with the binomial theorem is investigated.
$q$-Rational and $q$-Real Binomial Coefficients
本文研究Morier-Genoud和Ovsienko用连分数定义的$q$-有/实数构造的$q$-二项式系数，建立对应$q$-帕斯卡恒等式与$q$-二项式定理，并推导更多相关恒等式。
Double sums involving binomial coefficients and special numbers
该研究提出一种初等方法处理内层为不完全二项式和的双重求和问题，并将核心恒等式应用于含调和数、Fibonacci数等多种特殊数的双重求和场景。
We derive a new Fibonacci identity. This single identity subsumes important known identities such as those of Catalan, Ruggles, Halton and others, as well as standard general identities found in the books by Vajda, Koshy and others. We also derive several binomial and ordinary summation identities arising from this identity; in particular we obtain a generalization of Halton's general Fibonacci identity.
Flagged Schur polynomial duality via a lattice path bijection
本文通过在推广的格上进行路径计数论证，证明了Flagged Schur多项式的恒等式，揭示了行列flag的对偶性，并推广了Gessel-Viennot与Aitken的经典对偶定理。
We establish a $q$-analogue of Sun--Zhao's congruence on harmonic sums. Based on this $q$-congruence and a $q$-series identity, we prove a congruence conjecture on sums of central $q$-binomial coefficients, which was recently proposed by Guo. We also deduce a $q$-analogue of a congruence due to Apagodu and Zeilberger from Guo's $q$-congruence.
A $q$-analogue of Boyadzhiev-Mneimneh-type binomial sums of finite multi-polylogarithms
该研究给出有限多重多重对数的Boyadzhiev-Mneimneh型二项式和的$q$-模拟公式，其$q\ o1$极限等价于Sakugawa-Seki恒等式，还给出对应柯西二项式定理的该类和的公式。
Applications of an identity of Batır
本文基于Batır恒等式，推导出与著名数列相关的双和新恒等式，并证明了二项式变换对的双和恒等式。
A binomial coefficient identity due to Zhi-Wei Sun is the subject of half a dozen recent papers that prove it by various analytic techniques and establish a generalization. Here we give a simple proof that uses weight-reversing involutions on suitable configurations involving dominos and colorings. With somewhat more work, the method extends to the generalization also.
The sequence of higher order Mersenne numbers and associated binomial transforms
本文提出高阶 Mersenne 整数序列，系统推导其 Binet 公式、恒等式、生成函数、求和关系及矩阵表示，并研究其二项式变换序列。
The \emph{Hosoya triangle} is a triangular array where every entry is a product of two Fibonacci numbers. We use the geometry of this triangle to find new identities related to Fibonacci numbers. We give geometric interpretation for some well-known identities of Fibonacci numbers. For instance, the Cassini identity and the Catalan identity. We also extend some identities that hold in the Pascal triangle to the Hosoya triangle. For instance, the hockey stick extends from binomials to products of Fibonacci numbers and the rhombus property extends a binomial identity from the Pascal triangle to a…
In a previous paper, we studied an overpartition analogue of Gaussian polynomials as the generating function for overpartitions fitting inside an $m \times n$ rectangle. Here, we add one more parameter counting the number of overlined parts, obtaining a two-parameter generalization $\overline{m+n \brack n}_{q,t}$ of Gaussian polynomials, which is also a $(q,t)$-analogue of Delannoy numbers. First we obtain finite versions of classical $q$-series identities such as the $q$-binomial theorem and the Lebesgue identity, as well as two-variable generalizations of classical identities involving Gauss…
A new bijective proof of the $q$-Pfaff--Saalschütz identity with applications to quantum groups
本文通过双射方法证明了q-皮夫-萨尔舒茨恒等式，并由此推导出量子二项系数的新乘法规则及量子群的新的整形式呈现。
We give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the inclusion-exclusion identity to hold for an infinite countable number of sets. In terms of a random variable, whose range are nonnegative integers, this condition is equivalent to the convergence to zero of binomial moments. Some standard extensions of the countable inclusion-exclusion identity are also given.
We give a combinatorial identity related to the Franel numbers involving the sum of fourth power of binomial coefficients. Furthermore, investigating in J. Mikic's proof of the first Strehl Identity, we provide a combinatorial proof of this identity using the double counting argument.
Positivity of the basic hypergeometric series and the MacMahon identity
本文研究满足特定约束的基本超几何级数归一化后的正多项式，给出其三个公式：MacMahon 恒等式的推广、多重集排列统计量的生成函数及有限和表达式。
We use the method of tiling to give elementary combinatorial proofs of some celebrated $q$-series identities, such as Jacobi triple product identity, Rogers-Ramanujan identities, and some identities of Rogers. We give a tiling proof of the q-binomial theorem and a tiling interpretation of the q-binomial coefficients. A new generalized $ k $-product $q$-series identity is also obtained by employing the `tiling-method', wherein the generating function of the set of all possible tilings of a rectangular board is computed in two different ways to obtain the desired $q$-series identity. Several new…
We prove a conjecture of Liu and Wang on the q-log-convexity of the polynomial sequence $\{\sum_{k=0}^n{n\choose k}^2q^k\}_{n\geq 0}$. By using Pieri's rule and the Jacobi-Trudi identity for Schur functions, we obtain an expansion of a sum of products of elementary symmetric functions in terms of Schur functions with nonnegative coefficients. Then the principal specialization leads to the q-log-convexity. We also prove that a technical condition of Liu and Wang holds for the squares of the binomial coefficients. Hence we deduce that the linear transformation with respect to the triangular arra…
Proof of Two Multivariate $q$-Binomial Sums Arising in Gromov-Witten Theory
本研究证明了Gromov-Witten理论中两个与特定对数Calabi-Yau曲面不变量生成级数相关的多元$q$-二项式猜想恒等式，核心工具是基本超几何级数中的Jackson的Pfaff-Saalschütz求和公式的$q$-模拟。
We know [Rui Duarte and António Guedes de Oliveira, New developments of an old identity, manuscript arXiv:1203.5424, submitted.] that, for every non-negative integer numbers $n,i,j$ and for every real number $\ell$, $$ \sum_{i+j=n} \binom{2i-\ell}{i} \binom{2j+\ell}{j} = \sum_{i+j=n}\binom{2i}{i} \binom{2j}{j}, $$ which is well-known to be $4^n$. We extend this result by proving that, indeed, $$ \sum_{i+j=n} \binom{ai+k-\ell}{i} \binom{aj+\ell}{j} = \sum_{i+j=n} \binom{ai+k}{i} \binom{aj}{j} $$ for every integer $a$ and for every real $k$, and present new expressions for this value.
In this paper we study recurrences concerning the combinatorial sum $[n,r]_m=\sum_{k\equiv r (mod m)}\binom {n}{k}$ and the alternate sum $\sum_{k\equiv r (mod m)}(-1)^{(k-r)/m}\binom{n}{k}$, where m>0, $n\ge 0$ and r are integers. For example, we show that if $n\ge m-1$ then $$\sum_{i=0}^{\lfloor(m-1)/2\rfloor}(-1)^i\binom{m-1-i}i [n-2i,r-i]_m=2^{n-m+1}.$$ We also apply such results to investigate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. Our approach depends heavily on an identity established by the author [Integers 2(2002)].
This work presents a study of perturbations of symmetric Boolean functions. In particular, it establishes a connection between exponential sums of these perturbations and Diophantine equations of the form $$ \sum_{l=0}^n \binom{n}{l} x_l=0,$$ where $x_j$ belongs to some fixed bounded subset $Γ$ of $\mathbb{Z}$. The concepts of trivially balanced symmetric Boolean function and sporadic balanced Boolean function are extended to this type of perturbations. An observation made by Canteaut and Videau for symmetric Boolean functions of fixed degree is extended. To be specific, it is proved that, exc…
New Polynomial Identities and Some Consequences
本文借助 Euler Beta 函数与二项式定理推导两个多项式恒等式，推广已知结果，并由此得到及推广 Frisch、Klamkin 组合恒等式，还给出一类恒等式的推导方案。
A Fixed-Point Worpitzky Identity and a Positive Binomial Transform for Type $B$ Involutions
本文推导B型对合的不动点细化Worpitzky恒等式，经变量替换得到正二项变换，证明固定循环型层γ正性，对应经典定理并给出低循环层显式公式。
Motivated by recent works of Sun and Tauraso, we prove some variations on the Green-Krammer identity involving central q-binomial coefficients, such as $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^kq^{-{k+1\choose 2}}{2k\brack k}_q \equiv (\frac{n}{5}) q^{-\lfloor n^4/5\rfloor} \pmod{Φ_n(q)}, $$ where $\big(\frac{n}{p}\big)$ is the Legendre symbol and $Φ_n(q)$ is the $n$th cyclotomic polynomial. As consequences, we deduce that $$ \sum_{k=0}^{3^a m-1} q^{k}{2k\brack k}_q &\equiv 0 \pmod{(1-q^{3^a})/(1-q)}, \sum_{k=0}^{5^a m-1}(-1)^kq^{-{k+1\choose 2}}{2k\brack k}_q &\equiv 0 \pmod{(1-q^{5^a})/(1-q)}, $$ for $a,m\ge…
Shifted-Binomial Expansions of Dilated Binomial Polynomials: Multinomial Decimation, Reflection Symmetry, and Universal Divisibility
研究多项式\\(g_{p,r}(n)=\binom{pn}{p+r}\\)在移位二项式基下的展开，通过生成函数等得到系数公式，刻画其回文性及相关性质，证明\\(p\\)整除系数，还发现与多项式三角形选定行一致，揭示了二项式系数展开的一些规律。
We survey the applications of an elementary identity used by Euler in one of his proofs of the Pentagonal Number Theorem. Using a suitably reformulated version of this identity that we call Euler's Telescoping Lemma, we give alternate proofs of all the key summation theorems for terminating Hypergeometric Series and Basic Hypergeometric Series, including the terminating Binomial Theorem, the Chu--Vandermonde sum, the Pfaff--Saalch\" utz sum, and their $q$-analogues. We also give a proof of Jackson's $q$-analog of Dougall's sum, the sum of a terminating, balanced, very-well-poised $_8ϕ_7$ sum. …
The focus of this paper is the study of generalized Fibonacci polynomials and Fibonomial coefficients. The former are polynomials {n} in variables s and t given by {0} = 0, {1} = 1, and {n} = s{n-1}+t{n-2} for n ge 2. The latter are defined by {n choose k} = {n}!/({k}!{n-k}!) where {n}! = {1}{2}...{n}. These quotients are also polynomials in s and t, and specializations give the ordinary binomial coefficients, the Fibonomial coefficients, and the q-binomial coefficients. We present some of their fundamental properties, including a more general recursion for {n}, an analogue of the binomial the…
Integral representations of Catalan numbers using Touchard-like identities
本文利用 Touchard 恒等式及其 Callan 变体，结合已知积分表示与二项式定理，构造了 Catalan 数的新积分表示，并指出该方法可推广到其他形式合适的积分表示。
The integral representation of the Hadamard product of two functions is used to prove several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain three binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the Laguerre polynomials. We also evaluate in a closed form certain power series with harmonic numbers
A New Proof of Fine's Identity using Wildberger's Polynomial Formula
本文通过将Wildberger和Rubine的subdigons推广为tubdigons，并对其给定类型进行双重计数，比较对应项后为Fine恒等式提供了一个新证明。
Some q-Identities derived by the ordinary derivative operator
本文用普通导数算子替代 q-导数算子研究 q-级数，得到多个与经典公式相关的新求和与变换公式，并给出 Rogers-Ramanujan 恒等式的有限形式及 Eisenstein 定理的简短推导。
Generalized $n$-series and de Rham complexes
本文研究了交换环上广义$n$-级数的代数与组合性质，证明了经典组合恒等式的$s$-类似物，并定义了导数的$s$-类似物以证明仿射直线上的Poincaré引理与Cartier同构。
Andrews--Gordon and Stanton type identities: bijective and Bailey lemma approaches
本文利用双射方法、Bailey 引理和 Bailey 格为 Stanton 提出的 Andrews--Gordon 与 Bressoud 恒等式的两类推广给出新证明，并由此自然导出若干经典恒等式的新 Stanton 型推广。
Touchard's identity and a detailed determination of the radius of convergence of the Catalan series
本文通过触德递推关系证明了卡特兰级数收敛半径为1/4，并结合经典下界得出精确结果。
A bijective proof of an identity of Berkovich and Uncu
针对Fu和Tang提出的需为Berkovich与Uncu的分拆生成函数恒等式找直接组合证明的问题，本文沿Vandervelde、Fu和Tang的思路给出了该恒等式的双射证明。
A divisor generating q-series identity and its applications to probability theory and random graphs
本文系统研究Uchimura除数生成q-级数恒等式的各类推广，建立统一理论，并将其应用于概率论中堆和随机无环有向图的分析。
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