所有大小为$q$的域上秩为$n$的非阿贝尔有限单群，除了可能的Ree群$^2G_2(3^{2e+1})$之外，都具有至多$80 $关系和位长为$O(\log n +\log q)$的表示。此外，$A_n$和$S_n$具有3个生成器$,$ 7关系和位长$O(\log n)$的表示，而$\SL(n,q)$具有7个生成器、$2 5$关系和位长$O(\log n +\log q)$的表示。
英文摘要：
All nonabelian finite simple groups of rank $n$ over a field of size $q$, with the possible exception of the Ree groups $^2G_2(3^{2e+1})$, have presentations with at most $80 $ relations and bit-length $O(\log n +\log q)$. Moreover, $A_n$ and $S_n$ have presentations with 3 generators$,$ 7 relations and bit-length $O(\log n)$, while $\SL(n,q)$ has a presentation with 7 generators, $2 5$ relations and bit-length $O(\log n +\log q)$.
We show that one can naturally describe elements of R. Thompson's finitely presented infinite simple group $V$, known by Thompson to have a presentation with four generators and fourteen relations, as products of permutations analogous to transpositions. This perspective provides an intuitive explanation towards the simplicity of $V$ and also perhaps indicates a reason as to why it was one of the first discovered infinite finitely presented simple groups: it is (in some basic sense) a relative of the finite alternating groups. We find a natural infinite presentation for $V$ as a group generate…
Let K be a number field and let A be its ring of integers. Let G be a connected, noncommutative, absolutely almost simple algebraic K-group. If the K-rank of G equals 2, then G(A[t]) is not finitely presented.
Guralnick, Kantor, Kassabov and Lubotzky (J. Eur. Math. Soc. 13.2, 2011, 391-458) [GKKL] give 3-generator 7-relator presentations of $A_n$ and $S_n$ with bit-length $O(\log n)$ for $n\geq5$. This is the best possible bit-length, since $Ω(\log n)$ bits are required to specify the integer $n$ in the input. However, the generators do not satisfy the relations. This paper considers the relevant arguments given in [GKKL], identifies where the errors occur, and shows how they can be fixed in order to recover this result. The presentations are available in Magma.
We exhibit a new presentation of the (equilateral) Von Dyck groups $D(2,3,n), \ n\ge 3$, in terms of two generators of order $n$ satisfying three relations, one of which is Artin's braid relation. By dropping the relation which fixes the order of the generators we obtain the universal covering groups of the corresponding Von Dyck groups. In the cases $n=3,\, 4,\,5$, these are respectively the double covers of the finite rotational tetrahedral, octahedral and icosahedral groups. When $n\ge 6$ we obtain infinite covers of the corresponding infinite Von Dyck groups. The interesting cases arise fo…
For each family of finite classical groups, and their associated simple quotients, we provide an explicit presentation on a specific generating set of size at most 8. Since there exist efficient algorithms to construct this generating set in any copy of the group, our presentations can be used to verify claimed isomorphisms between representations of the classical group. The presentations are available in Magma.
We give conditions on a presentation of a group, which imply that its Cayley complex is simplicial and the flag complex of the Cayley complex is systolic. We then apply this to Garside groups and Artin groups. We give a classification of the Garside groups whose presentation using the simple elements as generators satisfy our conditions. We then also give a dual presentation for Artin groups and identify in which cases the flag complex of the Cayley complex is systolic.
The higher-dimensional Thompson groups $nV$, for $n \geq 2$, were introduced by Brin in 2005. We provide new presentations for each of these infinite simple groups. The first is an infinite presentation, analogous to the Coxeter presentation for the finite symmetric group, with generating set equal to the set of transpositions in $nV$ and reflecting the self-similar structure of $n$-dimensional Cantor space. We then exploit this infinite presentation to produce further finite presentations that are considerably smaller than those previously known.
We give an infinite presentation for the mapping class group of a non-orientable surface. The generating set consists of all Dehn twists and all crosscap pushing maps along simple loops.
In his papers [2], [3] Brin introduced the higher dimensional Thompson groups nV which are generalizations to the Thompson's group V of self-homeomorphisms of the Cantor set and found a finite set of generators and relations in the case n = 2. We show how to generalize his construction to obtain a finite presentation for every positive integer n. As a corollary, we obtain another proof that the groups nV are simple (first proved by Brin in [4]).
Tits has defined Kac-Moody and Steinberg groups over commutative rings, providing infinite dimensional analogues of the Chevalley-Demazure group schemes. Here we establish simple explicit presentations for all Steinberg and Kac-Moody groups whose Dynkin diagrams are hyperbolic and simply laced. Our presentations are analogues of the Curtis-Tits presentation of the finite groups of Lie type. When the ground ring is finitely generated, we derive the finite presentability of the Steinberg group, and similarly for the Kac-Moody group when the ground ring is a Dedekind domain of arithmetic type. Th…
Consider a group $G$ acting nicely on a simply-connected simplicial complex $X$. Numerous classical methods exist for using this group action to produce a presentation for $G$. For the case that $X/G$ is 2-connected, we give a new method that has the novelty that one does not have to identify a fundamental domain for the action. Indeed, the resulting presentation is canonical in the sense that no arbitrary choices need to be made. It can be viewed as a nonabelian analogue of a simple result in the study of equivariant homology.
The word problem is an old and central problem in (computational) group theory. It is well-known that the word problem is undecidable in general, but decidable for specific types of presentations. Consistent polycyclic presentations are an important class of group presentations with solvable word problem. These presentations play a fundamental role in the algorithmic theory of polycyclic groups. Problems analogous to the word problem arise when computing with other algebraic structures. Various aspects of this topic are considered in the literature. The aim of this paper is to provide a genera…
We describe presentations of braid groups of type ADE and show how these presentations are compatible with mutation of quivers, building on work of Barot and Marsh for Coxeter groups. In types A and D these presentations can be understood geometrically using triangulated surfaces. We then give a categorical interpretation of the presentations, with the new generators acting as spherical twists at simple modules on derived categories of Ginzburg dg-algebras of quivers with potential.
We augment the list of finite universal locally toroidal regular polytopes of type {3,3,4,3,3} due to P.McMullen and E.Schulte, adding as well as removing entries. This disproves a related long-standing conjecture. Our new universal polytope is related to a well-known Y-shaped presentation for the sporadic simple group $Fi_{22}$, and admits $S_4\times O_8^+(2){:}S_3$ as the automorphism group. We also discuss further extensions of its quotients in the context of Y-shaped presentations. As well, we note that two known examples of finite universal polytopes of type {3,3,4,3,3} are related to Y-s…
We develop new computational methods for studying potential counterexamples to the Andrews-Curtis conjecture, in particular, Akbulut-Kurby examples AK(n). We devise a number of algorithms in an attempt to disprove the most interesting counterexample AK(3). To improve metric properties of the search space (which is a set of balanced presentations of the trivial group) we introduce a new transformation (called an ACM-move here) that generalizes the original Andrews-Curtis transformations and discuss details of a practical implementation. To reduce growth of the search space we introduce a strong…
In previous work, the first author established a natural bijection between minimal subshifts and maximal regular J-classes of free profinite semigroups. In this paper, the Schützenberger groups of such J-classes are investigated, in particular in respect to a conjecture proposed by the first author concerning their profinite presentation. The conjecture is established for all non-periodic minimal subshifts associated with substitutions. It entails that it is decidable whether a finite group is a quotient of such a profinite group. As a further application, the Schützenberger group of the J-cla…
We consider presentations that were derived in \cite{BaumeisterNeaimeRees} for the interval groups associated with proper quasi-Coxeter elements of the Coxeter group $W(D_n)$. We use combinatorial methods to derive alternative presentations for the groups, and use these new presentations to show that the interval group associated with a proper quasi-Coxeter element of $W(D_n)$ cannot be isomorphic to the Artin group of type $D_n$. While the specific problems we solve arise from the study of interval groups, their solution provides an illustration of how techniques indicated by computational ob…
The problem of describing the group of units $\mathcal{U}(\mathbb{Z} G)$ of the integral group ring $\mathbb{Z} G$ of a finite group $G$ has attracted a lot of attention and providing presentations for such groups is a fundamental problem. Within the context of orders, a central problem is to describe a presentation of the unit group of an order $\mathcal{O}$ in the simple epimorphic images $A$ of the rational group algebra $\mathbb{Q} G$. Making use of the presentation part of Poincaré's Polyhedron Theorem, Pita, del Río and Ruiz proposed such a method for a large family of finite groups $G$ …
We introduce and study the bounded word problem and the precise word problem for groups given by means of generators and defining relations. For example, for every finitely presented group, the bounded word problem is in NP, i.e., it can be solved in nondeterministic polynomial time, and the precise word problem is in PSPACE. The main technical result of the paper states that, for certain finite presentations of groups, which include the Baumslag-Solitar one-relator groups and free products of cyclic groups, the bounded word problem and the precise word problem can be solved in polylogarithmic…
A conjugation-free geometric presentation of a fundamental group is a presentation with the natural topological generators $x_1, ..., x_n$ and the cyclic relations: $x_{i_k}x_{i_{k-1}} ... x_{i_1} = x_{i_{k-1}} ... x_{i_1} x_{i_k} = ... = x_{i_1} x_{i_k} ... x_{i_2}$ with no conjugations on the generators. We have already proved that if the graph of the arrangement is a disjoint union of cycles, then its fundamental group has a conjugation-free geometric presentation. In this paper, we extend this property to arrangements whose graphs are a disjoint union of cycle-tree graphs. Moreover, we stu…
Several different areas of group theory, topology and geometry have led to the study of the action of Aut(Fn) | the automorphism group of the free group on n generators | on Hom(Fn;G) when G is either finite,compact or simple Lie group. In this survey, we describe these topics and results, with special emphasis on some similarities and with an effort to give a somewhat uniform treatment. This perspective sometimes suggests new questions, conjectures and methods borrowed from one area to another.
An idea to present a classical Lie group of positive dimension by generators and relations sounds dubious, but happens to be fruitful. The isometry groups of classical geometries admit elegant and useful presentations by generators and relations closely related to geometry. They allow to make fast and efficient geometric calculations. In this paper simple presentations of the isometry groups of Euclidean plane, 2-sphere, the real projective plane and groups SO(3), O(n) are introduced.
This expository article revolves around the question to find short presentations of finite simple groups. This subject is one of the most active research areas of group theory in recent times. We bring together several known results on two-generation and $(2,3)$-generation of finite simple groups and how it impacts computational group theory.
We associate a 2-complex to the following data: a presentation of a semigroup $S$ and a transitive action of $S$ on a set $V$ by partial transformations. The automorphism group of the action acts properly discontinuously on this 2-complex. A sufficient condition is given for the 2-complex to be simply connected. As a consequence we obtain simple topological proofs of results on presentations of Schützenberger groups. We also give a geometric proof that a finitely generated regular semigroup with finitely many idempotents has polynomial growth if and only if all its maximal subgroups are virtua…
For any root system and any commutative ring we give a relatively simple presentation of a group related to its Steinberg group St. This includes the case of infinite root systems used in Kac-Moody theory, for which the Steinberg group was defined by Tits and Morita-Rehmann. In most cases our group equals St, giving a presentation with many advantages over the usual presentation of St. This equality holds for all spherical root systems, all irreducible affine root systems of rank>2, and all 3-spherical root systems. When the coefficient ring satisfies a minor condition, the last condition can …
