One of the natural ways to prove that the Hall words (Philip Hall, 1933) consist of a basis of a free Lie algebra is a direct construction: to start with a linear space spanned by Hall words, to define the Lie product of Hall words, and then to check that the product yields the Lie identities (Marshall Hall, 1950). Here we suggest another way using the Composition-Diamond lemma for free anti-commutative (non-associative) algebras (A.I. Shirshov, 1962).
Let $R$ be a ring with identity $1$. Jacobson's lemma states that for any $a,b\in R$, if $1-ab$ is invertible then so is $1-ba$. Jacobson's lemma has suitable analogues for several types of generalized inverses, e.g., Drazin inverse, generalized Drazin inverse, and inner inverse. In this note we give a constructive way via Groebner-Shirshov basis theory to obtain the inverse of $1-ab$ in terms of $(1-ba)^{-1}$, assuming the latter exists.
In this paper, we define the Gröbner-Shirshov basis for a dialgebra. The Composition-Diamond lemma for dialgebras is given then. As results, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the universal enveloping algebra of a Leibniz algebra, the bar extension of a dialgebra, the free product of two dialgebras, and Clifford dialgebra. We obtain some normal forms for algebras mentioned the above.
We establish a universal approach to solution of the word problem in the varieties of di- and tri-algebras. This approach, for example, allows to apply Groebner---Shirshov bases method for Lie algebras to solve the ideal membership problem in free Leibniz algebras (Lie di-algebras). As another application, we prove an analogue of the Poincare---Birkhoff---Witt Theorem for universal enveloping associative tri-algebra of a Lie tri-algebra (CTD^!-algebra).
An algebra $\cal{R}$ is called an extension of the algebra $M$ by $B$ if $M^2=0$, $M$ is an ideal of $\cal{R}$ and $\cal{R}$$/M\cong B$ as algebras. In this paper, by using the Gröbner-Shirshov bases, we characterize completely the extensions of $M$ by $B$. An algorithm to find the conditions of an algebra $A$ to be an extension of $M$ by $B$ is obtained.
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative algebras with multiple linear operators. As applications, we obtain Groebner-Shirshov bases of free Rota-Baxter algebra, $λ$-differential algebra and $λ$-differential Rota-Baxter algebra, respectively. In particular, linear bases of these three free algebras are respectively obtained, which are essentially the same or similar to those obtained by Ebrahimi-Fard and Guo, and Guo and Keigher recently by using other methods.
In this survey article, we report some new results of Groebner-Shirshov bases, including new Composition-Diamond lemmas, applications of some known Composition-Diamond lemmas and content of some expository papers.
Let $A$ be a brace algebra. This structure implies that $A$ is also a pre-Lie algebra. In this paper, we establish Composition-Diamond lemma for brace algebras. Using this Composition-Diamond lemma we prove that each pre-Lie algebra $L$ can be embedded into a brace algebra $A_L$, i.e., $L$ is a pre-Lie subalgebra of $A_L$ up to isomorphism. We also determine an explicit linear basis for the brace algebra $A_{L}$.
We first offer a fast method for calculating the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of a finitely presented commutative algebra by investigating certain finite set. Then we establish a Groebner-Shirshov bases theory for bicommutative algebras, and show that every finitely generated bicommutative algebra has a finite Groebner-Shirshov basis. As an application, we show that the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of a finitely generated bicommutative algebra is a nonnegative integer.
In this paper, we establish Composition-Diamond lemma for tensor product $k< X> \otimes k< Y>$ of two free algebras over a field. As an application, we construct a Groebner-Shirshov basis in $k< X> \otimes k< Y>$ by lifting a Groebner-Shirshov basis in $k[X] \otimes k< Y>$, where $k[X]$ is a commutative algebra.
Chen, Fox, Lyndon 1958 \cite{CFL58} and Shirshov 1958 \cite{Sh58} introduced non-associative Lyndon-Shirshov words and proved that they form a linear basis of a free Lie algebra, independently. In this paper we give another approach to definition of Lyndon-Shirshov basis, i.e., we find an anti-commutative Gröbner-Shirshov basis $S$ of a free Lie algebra such that $Irr(S)$ is the set of all non-associative Lyndon-Shirshov words, where $Irr(S)$ is the set of all monomials of $N(X)$, a basis of the free anti-commutative algebra on $X$, not containing maximal monomials of polynomials from $S$. Fol…
In this paper, the Composition-Diamond lemma for commutative algebras with multiple operators is established. As applications, the Gröbner-Shirshov bases and linear bases of free commutative Rota-Baxter algebra, free commutative $λ$-differential algebra and free commutative $λ$-differential Rota-Baxter algebra are given, respectively. Consequently, these three free algebras are constructed directly by commutative $Ω$-words.
In this paper, by using Composition-Diamond lemma for Lie algebras, we give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis for free partially commutative Lie algebra over a commutative ring with unit. As an application, we obtain a normal form for such a Lie algebra.
We establish Gröbner--Shirshov bases theory for commutative dialgebras. We show that for any ideal $I$ of $Di[X]$, $I$ has a unique reduced Gröbner--Shirshov basis, where $Di[X]$ is the free commutative dialgebra generated by a set $X$, in particular, $I$ has a finite Gröbner--Shirshov basis if $X$ is finite. As applications, we give normal forms of elements of an arbitrary commutative disemigroup, prove that the word problem for finitely presented commutative dialgebras (disemigroups) is solvable, and show that if $X$ is finite, then the problem whether two ideals of $Di[X]$ are identical is …
In this paper we establish a Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for Lie algebras over commutative rings. As applications we give some new examples of special Lie algebras (those embeddable in associative algebras over the same ring) and non-special Lie algebras (following a suggestion of P.M. Cohn (1963) \cite{Conh}). In particular, Cohn's Lie algebras over the characteristic $p$ are non-special when $p=2,\ 3,\ 5$. We present an algorithm that one can check for any $p$, whether Cohn's Lie algebras is non-special. Also we prove that any finitely or countably generated Lie algebra is embeddable in a …
Motivated by the pivotal role played by linear operators, many years ago Rota proposed to determine algebraic operator identities satisfied by linear operators on associative algebras, later called Rota's program on algebraic operators. Recent progresses on this program have been achieved in the contexts of operated algebra, rewriting systems and Groebner-Shirshov bases. These developments also suggest that Rota's insight can be applied to determine operator identities on Lie algebras, and thus to put the various linear operators on Lie algebras in a uniform perspective. This paper carries out…
In this paper, we establish the Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for metabelian Lie algebras. As applications, we find the Gröbner-Shirshov bases for partial commutative metabelian Lie algebras related to circuits, trees and some cubes.
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for free differential algebras. As applications, we give Groebner-Shirshov bases for free Lie-differential algebra and free commutative-differential algebra, respectively.
In the paper, we establish Gröbner-Shirshov bases for semirings and commutative semirings. As applications, we obtain Gröbner-Shirshov bases and A. Blass's (1995) and M. Fiore -T. Leinster's (2004) normal forms of the semirings $\mathbb{N}[x]/(x=1+x+x^2)$ and $\mathbb{N}[x]/(x=1+x^2)$ with one generator $x$ and one defining relation, correspondingly.
With the help of Rota-Baxter operators and the Groebner-Shirshov bases, we prove that any pre-Lie algebra injectively embeds into its universal enveloping preassociative algebra.
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative nonunitary Rota-Baxter algebras with weight $λ$. As applications, we obtain a linear basis of a free commutative Rota-Baxter algebra without unity and show that every countably generated Rota-Baxter algebra with weight 0 can be embedded into a two-generated Rota-Baxter algebra.
In this paper, we construct a canonical linear basis for free commutative integro-differential algebras by applying the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases. We establish the Composition-Diamond Lemma for free commutative differential Rota-Baxter algebras of order $n$. We also obtain a weakly monomial order on these algebras, allowing us to obtain Gröbner-Shirshov bases for free commutative integro-differential algebras on a set. We finally generalize the concept of functional derivations to free differential algebras with arbitrary weight and generating sets from which to construct a canonical li…
We construct a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the Temperley-Lieb algebra $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$ of the complex reflection group $G(d,1,n)$, inducing the standard monomials expressed by the generators $\{E_i\}$ of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$. This result generalizes the one for the Coxeter group of type $B_n$ in \cite{KimSSLeeDI}. We also give a combinatorial interpretation of the standard monomials of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$, relating to the fully commutative elements of the complex reflection group $G(d,1,n)$. In this way, we obtain the dimension formula of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$.
The notion of commutative integro-differential algebra was introduced for the algebraic study of boundary problems for linear ordinary differential equations. Its noncommutative analog achieves a similar purpose for linear systems of such equations. In both cases, free objects are crucial for analyzing the underlying algebraic structures, e.g. of the (matrix) functions. In this paper we apply the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases to construct the free (noncommutative) integro-differential algebra on a set. The construction is from the free Rota-Baxter algebra on the free differential algebra on…
Let $U_q(A_N)$ be the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum group of type $A_N$. In this paper, by using Groebner-Shirshov bases, we give a simple (but not short) proof of the Rosso-Yamane Theorem on PBW basis of $U_q(A_N)$.
In this paper we introduce an algebra embedding $ι:K< X >\to S$ from the free associative algebra $K< X >$ generated by a finite or countable set $X$ into the skew monoid ring $S = P * Σ$ defined by the commutative polynomial ring $P = K[X\times N^*]$ and by the monoid $Σ= < σ>$ generated by a suitable endomorphism $σ:P\to P$. If $P = K[X]$ is any ring of polynomials in a countable set of commuting variables, we present also a general Gröbner bases theory for graded two-sided ideals of the graded algebra $S = \bigoplus_i S_i$ with $S_i = P σ^i$ and $σ:P \to P$ an abstract endomorphism satisfyi…
In this paper, linear bases for the partially commutative Lie algebras are found. The method of the Gröbner--Shirshov bases is used. It easily follows from the structure that the equality problem is algorithmically solvable for the partially commutative Lie algebras.
Developed by Buchberger for commutative polynomial rings, Groebner Bases are frequently applied to solve algorithmic problems, such as the congruence problem for ideals. Until now, these ideas have been transmitted to different in part non-commutative and non-Noetherian algebras. Most of these approaches require an admissible ordering on terms. In this Ph.D.thesis, the concept of Groebner bases is generalized to finitely generated monoid and group rings. Reduction methods are applied to represent monoid and group elements and to describe the right-ideal congruence in the corresponding monoid a…
Let D be a division ring. We say that D is left algebraic over a (not necessarily central) subfield K of D if every x in D satisfies a polynomial equation x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+...+a_0=0 with a_0,...,a_{n-1} in K. We show that if D is a division ring that is left algebraic over a subfield K of bounded degree d then D is at most d^2-dimensional over its center. This generalizes a result of Kaplansky. For the proof we give a new version of the combinatorial theorem of Shirshov that sufficiently long words over a finite alphabet contain either a q-decomposable subword or a high power of a non-triv…
In this survey, we outline two recent constructions of free commutative integro-differential algebras. They are based on the construction of free commutative Rota-Baxter algebras by mixable shuffles. The first is by evaluations. The second is by the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases.
In this paper we give some relationships among the Groebner-Shirshov bases in free associative algebras, free left modules and "double-free" left modules (free modules over a free algebra). We give the Chibrikov's Composition-Diamond lemma for modules and show that Kang-Lee's Composition-Diamond lemma follows from this lemma. As applications, we also deal with highest weight module over the Lie algebra $sl_2$, Verma module over a Kac-Moody algebra, Verma module over Lie algebra of coefficients of a free conformal algebra and the universal enveloping module for a Sabinin algebra.
The theory of Groebner Bases originated in the work of Buchberger and is now considered to be one of the most important and useful areas of symbolic computation. A great deal of effort has been put into improving Buchberger's algorithm for computing a Groebner Basis, and indeed in finding alternative methods of computing Groebner Bases. Two of these methods include the Groebner Walk method and the computation of Involutive Bases. By the mid 1980's, Buchberger's work had been generalised for noncommutative polynomial rings by Bergman and Mora. This thesis provides the corresponding generalisati…
We study associative graded algebras which have a ``complete flag'' of cyclic modules with linear free resolutions, i.e., algebras over which there is a cyclic Koszul module with every admissible number of relations (from zero up to the number of generators of the algebra). Commutative algebras with the same property has been studied in several papers by A. Conca and others. Here we present a non-commutative version. We introduce the concept of Koszul filtration in non-commutative algebras and study its connections with Koszul algebras and algebras with quadratic Groebner bases. Also, here are…
In this paper we introduce a working generalization of the theory of Gröbner bases for algebras of partial difference polynomials with constant coefficients. One obtains symbolic (formal) computation for systems of linear or non-linear partial difference equations arising, for instance, as discrete models or by the discretization of systems of differential equations. From an algebraic viewpoint, the algebras of partial difference polynomials are free objects in the category of commutative algebras endowed with the action by endomorphisms of a monoid isomorphic to $\N^r$. Then, the investigatio…
We consider a Sklyanin algebra S with 3 generators, which is the quadratic algebra over a field k with three generators x,y,z given by three relations pxy+qyx+rzz=0, pyz+qzy+rxx=0 and pzx+qxz+ryy=0, where p,q,r are parameters from the fileld k. This class of algebras enjoyed much of attention, in particular, using tools from algebraic geometry, Feigin & Odesskii, and Artin, Tate & Van den Berg, showed that if at least two of the parameters p, q and r are non-zero and at least two of three numbers p^3,q^3 and r^3 are distinct, then S is Koszul and has the same Hilbert series as the algebra of c…
By the Three Graces we refer, following J.-L. Loday, to the algebraic operads Ass, Com, and Lie, each generated by a single binary operation; algebras over these operads are respectively associative, commutative associative, and Lie. We classify all distributive laws (in the categorical sense of Beck) between these three operads. Some of our results depend on the computer algebra system Maple, especially its packages LinearAlgebra and Groebner.
We prove that the Milnor ring of any (one-dimensional) local or global field K modulo a prime number l is a Koszul algebra over Z/l. Under mild assumptions that are only needed in the case l=2, we also prove various module Koszulity properties of this algebra. This provides evidence in support of Koszulity conjectures that were proposed in our previous papers. The proofs are based on the Class Field Theory and computations with quadratic commutative Groebner bases (commutative PBW-bases).
This paper is a sequel to "Computing diagonal form and Jacobson normal form of a matrix using Groebner bases", J. of Symb. Computation, 46 (5), 2011. We present a new fraction-free algorithm for the computation of a diagonal form of a matrix over a certain non-commutative Euclidean domain over a computable field with the help of Gröbner bases. This algorithm is formulated in a general constructive framework of non-commutative Ore localizations of $G$-algebras (OLGAs). We split the computation of a normal form of a matrix into the diagonalization and the normalization processes. Both of them ca…
