Given a singular surface X, one can extract information on it by investigating the fundamental group $π_1(X - Sing_X)$. However, calculation of this group is non-trivial, but it can be simplified if a certain invariant of the branch curve of X - called the braid monodromy factorization - is known. This paper shows, taking the Cayley cubic as an example, how this fundamental group can be computed by using braid monodromy techniques and their liftings. This is one of the first examples that uses these techniques to calculate this sort of fundamental group.
All components of complements of discriminant varieties of simple real function singularities are explicitly listed. New invariants of such components (for not necessarily simple singularities) are introduced. A combinatorial algorithm enumerating topological types of morsifications of real function singularities is promoted.
We study the topology of the complements of discriminants of simple real boundary singularities by counting the connected components of these sets and assigning to them certain topological characteristics. Results of this paper serve as a generalization of those recently acquired by Vassiliev arXiv:2109.12287 for ordinary function singularities.
The paper reviews recent developments in the study of Alexander invariants of quasi-projective manifolds using methods of singularity theory. Several results in topology of the complements to singular plane curves and hypersurfaces in projective space extended to the case of curves on simply connected smooth projective surfaces.
We prove the existence of $n$-complements for pairs with DCC coefficients and the ACC for minimal log discrepancies of exceptional singularities. In order to prove these results, we develop the theory of complements for real coefficients. We introduce $(n,Γ_0)$-decomposable $\mathbb{R}$-complements, and show its existence for pairs with DCC coefficients.
We obtain sufficient conditions for the vanishing of higher homotopy groups of the complements to hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb C}^n$ in terms of the behavior at infinity and relate the monodromy of non isolated singularities to the position of singularities in generic plane sections.
For a convenient and Newton non-degenerate singularity, the Milnor number is computed from the complement of its Newton diagram in the first quadrant, so-called Kouchnirenko's formula. In this paper, we consider tropical curves dual to subdivisions of this complement for a plane curve singularity and show the existence of a tropical curve satisfying a certain formula, which looks like a well-known formula for a real morsification due to A'Campo and Gusein-Zade.
For a germ of a variety $\mathcal{V}, 0 \subset \mathbb C^N, 0$, a singularity $\mathcal{V}_0$ of type $\mathcal{V}$, is given by a germ $f_0 : \mathbb C^n, 0 \to \mathbb C^N, 0$ which is transverse to $\mathcal{V}$ in an appropriate sense so that $\mathcal{V}_0 = f_0^{-1}(\mathcal{V})$. For these singularities, we introduce "characteristic cohomology" to capture the contribution of the topology of $\mathcal{V}$ to that of $\mathcal{V}_0$, for the Milnor fiber (for $\mathcal{V}, 0$ a hypersurface), and complement and link of $\mathcal{V}_0$ (in the general case). The characteristic cohomology …
Let $\mathcal{V} \subset M$ denote any of the varieties of singular $m \times m$ complex matrices which may be general, symmetric, or skew-symmetric ($m$ even), or $m \times p$ matrices, in the corresponding space $M$ of such matrices. A "matrix singularity", $\mathcal{V}_0$ of "type $\mathcal{V}$", for any of the $\mathcal{V} \subset M$ is defined as $\mathcal{V}_0 = f_0^{-1}(\mathcal{V})$ by a germ $f_0 : \mathbb C^n, 0 \to M, 0$ (appropriately transverse to $\mathcal{V}$). In part I of this paper we introduced the notion of characteristic cohomology for a singularity $\mathcal{V}_0$ of type…
We introduce braid monodromy for the discriminant hypersurface in versal unfoldings of hypersurface singularities. Our objective is then to compute this invariant for singularities of Brieskorn Pham type: First we consider the unfolding by linear monomials in some detail and relate it to the versal unfolding. Next we present the A_n case in our framework. The two main chapters then provide the result in case of two variables and the inductive step to all higher dimensions. We finish with a presentation of the fundamental group of the discriminant complement.
We prove that a meromorphic map defined on the complement of a compact subset of a three-dimensional Stein manifold M and with values in a compact complex three-fold X extends to the complement of a finite set of points. If X is simply connected, then the map extends to all of M.
We study Kawamata log terminal singularities of full rank, i.e., $n$-dimensional klt singularities containing a large finite abelian group of rank $n$ in its regional fundamental group. The main result of this article is that klt singularities of full rank degenerate to cones over log crepant equivalent toric quotient varieties. To establish the main theorem, we reduce the proof to the study of Fano type varieties with large finite automorphisms of full rank. We prove that such Fano type varieties are log crepant equivalent toric. Furthermore, any such Fano variety of dimension $n$ contains an…
This paper is a complement to the work of the second author on modular quotient singularities in odd characteristic (see arXiv:1210.8006). Here we prove that if $V$ is a three-dimensional vector space over a field of characteristic $2$ and $G<GL(V)$ is a finite subgroup generated by pseudoreflections and possessing a $2$-dimensional invariant subspace $W$ such that the restriction of $G$ to $W$ is isomorphic to the group $SL_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{2^n})$, then the quotient $V/G$ is non-singular. This, together with earlier known results on modular quotient singularities, implies first that a theorem …
We define twisted Alexander polynomials of a complex hypersurface with arbitrary singularities. These generalize the classical Alexander polynomials of high dimensional hypersurfaces and the twisted Alexander polynomial of plane curves. We recover the classical torsionness and divisibility results, which say that, under certain assumptions, the twisted Alexander modules of a complex hypersurface are torsion modules, and that their orders, the twisted Alexander polynomials, divide the product of certain `local polynomials' defined in terms of the topology near singularities.
We show that the Mordell Weil rank of an isotrivial abelian variety with a cyclic holonomy depends only on the fundamental group of the complement to the discriminant provided the discriminant has singularities in the introduced here CM class. This class of singularities includes all unibranched plane curves singularities. As a corollary we give a family of simple Jacobians over field of rational functions in two variable for which the Mordell Weil rank is arbitrary large.
This is an introduction to topology of complement to plane curves and hypersurfaces in the projective space and is based on the lectures given in Lumini in February and in ICTP (Trieste) in August of 2005. We discuss key problems concerning the families of singular curves, the one variable Alexander polynomials and the module over ring of Laurent polynomials structure on the homotopy groups of the complements to hypersurfaces with isolated singularities. We also discuss multivariable generalizations of these invariants and the Hodge theory of infinite abelian covers used in calculations of mul…
We show that the cohomology of a rank 1 local system on the complement of a projective hyperplane arrangement can be calculated by the Aomoto complex in certain cases even if the condition on the sum of the residues of connection due to Esnault et al is not satisfied. For this we have to study the localization of Hodge-logarithmic differential forms which are defined by using an embedded resolution of singularities. As an application we can compute certain monodromy eigenspaces of the first Milnor cohomology group of the defining polynomial of the reflection hyperplane arrangement of type $G_{…
We study singularities obtained by the contraction of the maximal divisor in compact (non kaehlerian) surfaces which contain global spherical shells. These singularities are of genus 1 or 2, may be Q-Gorenstein, numerically Gorenstein or Gorenstein. A family of polynomials depending on the configuration of the curves computes the discriminant of the quadratic forms of these singularities. We introduce a multiplicative branch topological invariant which determines the twisting of a non-vanishing holomorphic 1-form on the complement of the singular point.
An \emph{$\mathbb{R}$-join-type curve} is a curve in $\mathbb{C}^2$ defined by an equation of the form \begin{equation*} a\cdot\prod_{j=1}^\ell (y-β_j)^{ν_j} = b\cdot\prod_{i=1}^m (x-α_i)^{λ_i}, \end{equation*} where the coefficients $a$, $b$, $α_i$ and $β_j$ are \emph{real} numbers. For generic values of $a$ and $b$, the singular locus of the curve consists of the points $(α_i,β_j)$ with $λ_i,ν_j\geq 2$ (so-called \emph{inner} singularities). In the non-generic case, the inner singularities are not the only ones: the curve may also have \emph{`outer'} singularities. The fundamental groups of …
The homotopy group $π_{n-k} ({\bf C}^{n+1}-V)$ where $V$ is a hypersurface with a singular locus of dimension $k$ and good behavior at infinity is described using generic pencils. This is analogous to the van Kampen procedure for finding a fundamental group of a plane curve. In addition we use a certain representation generalizing the Burau representation of the braid group. A divisibility theorem is proven that shows the dependence of this homotopy group on the local type of singularities and behavior at infinity. Examples are given showing that this group depends on certain global data in ad…
We introduce and study the vanishing homology of singular projective hypersurfaces. We prove its concentration in two levels in case of 1-dimensional singular locus $Σ$, and moreover determine the ranks of the nontrivial homology groups. These two groups depend on the monodromy at special points of $Σ$ and on the effect of the monodromy of the local system over its complement.
We study tori attached to the fundamental groups of plane curves with arbitrary singularities. These tori provide complete information about homology of finite abelian covers of the plane branched along the curve. We calculate these tori in terms of certain linear systems determined by the singularities of the curve. In the case of the complements to a union of lines they can be calculated from the lattice of the arrangement and are closely related to the components of the space of Aomoto complexes with prescribed homology.
We prove that the local etale fundamental group of a strongly $F$-regular singularity is finite (and likewise for the étale fundamental group of the complement of a codimension $\geq 2$ set), analogous to results of Xu and Greb-Kebekus-Peternell for KLT singularities in characteristic zero. In fact our result is effective, we show that the reciprocal of the $F$-signature of the singularity gives a bound on the size of this fundamental group. To prove these results and their corollaries, we develop new transformation rules for the $F$-signature under finite etale-in-codimension-one extensions. …
In this work, we study a family of Cremona transformations of weighted projective planes which generalize the standard Cremona transformation of the projective plane. Starting from special plane projective curves we construct families of curves in weighted projective planes with special properties. We explain how to compute the fundamental groups of their complements, using the blow-up-down decompositions of the Cremona transformations, we find examples of Zariski pairs in weighted projective planes (distinguished by the Alexander polynomial). As another application of this machinery we study …
It is known (Stipsicz-Szabó-Wahl) that there are exactly three triply-infinite and seven singly-infinite families of weighted homogeneous normal surface singularities admitting a rational homology disk ($\mathbb{Q}$HD) smoothing, i.e., having a Milnor fibre with Milnor number zero. Some examples are found by an explicit "quotient construction", while others require the "Pinkham method". The fundamental group of the Milnor fibre has been known for all except the three exceptional families $\mathcal B_2^3(p), \mathcal C^3_2(p),$ and $\mathcal C^3_3(p)$. In this paper, we settle these cases. We p…
Normalization is a fundamental ring-theoretic operation; geometrically it resolves singularities in codimension one. Existing algorithmic methods for computing the normalization rely on a common recipe: successively enlarge the given ring in form an endomorphism ring of a certain (fractional) ideal until the process becomes stationary. While Vasconcelos' method uses the dual Jacobian ideal, Grauert-Remmert-type algorithms rely on so-called test ideals. For algebraic varieties, one can apply such normalization algorithms globally, locally, or formal analytically at all points of the variety. In…
This paper's theme is the relation between several classical and well-known objects: triangle Fuchsian groups, quasi-homogeneous singularities of plane curves, torus knot complements in the 3-sphere. Torus knots are the only nontrivial knots whose complements admit transitive Lie group actions. In fact S^3\K_{p,q} is diffeomorphic to a coset space of the universal covering group of PSL_2(R) with respect to a discrete subgroup G contained in the preimage of a (p,q,\infty)-triangle Fuchsian group. The existence of such a diffeomorphism between is known from a general topological classification o…
In 1933, van Kampen described the fundamental groups of the complements of plane complex projective algebraic curves. Recently, Chéniot-Libgober proved an analogue of this result for higher homotopy groups of the complements of complex projective hypersurfaces with isolated singularities. Their description is in terms of some "homotopical variation operators". We generalize here the notion of "homotopical variation" to (singular) quasi-projective varieties. This is a first step for further generalizations of van Kampen's theorem. A conjecture, with a first approach, is stated in the special ca…
