Given a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ over a field of characteristic zero $k$, let $μ(\mathfrak{g})=\min\{\dim π: π\text{is a faithful representation of}\mathfrak{g}\}$. Let $\mathfrak{h}_{m}$ be the Heisenberg Lie algebra of dimension $2m+1$ over $k$ and let $k[t]$ be the polynomial algebra in one variable. Given $m\in\mathbb{N}$ and $p\in k[t]$, let $\mathfrak{h}_{m,p}=\mathfrak{h}_m\otimes k[t]/(p)$ be the current Lie algebra associated to $\mathfrak{h}_m$ and $k[t]/(p)$, where $(p)$ is the principal ideal in $k[t]$ generated by $p$. In this paper we prove that $ mu(\mathfrak{h}_{m,p}) = m °p + \left \lceil 2\sqrt{°p} \right\rceil$.
This paper aims to characterize the minimal dimensions and super-dimensions of faithful representations for the Heisenberg Lie superalgebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
For a finite dimensional Lie algebra $\g$ over a field $\k$ of characteristic zero, the $μ$-function (respectively $μ_{nil}$-function) is defined to be the minimal dimension of $V$ such that $\g$ admits a faithful representation (respectively a faithful nilrepresentation) on $V$. Let $\h_m$ be the Heisenberg Lie algebra of dimension $2m + 1$ and let $\mathfrak{a}_n$ be the abelian Lie algebra of dimension $n$. The aim of this paper is to compute $μ(\h_m \oplus \mathfrak{a}_n)$ and $μ_{nil}(\h_m \oplus \mathfrak{a}_n)$ for all $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$.
The faithful representations of real Lie algebras g with dimensions $n\leq 4$ acting on the dual space of the universal covering algebra of an ideal s of g, are calculated. With the help of left and right translations of the Lie group, we define the homogeneous manifolds of dimension n and we calculate the Killing fields (generators of left translations), the invariant fields (generators of right translations) and the left invariant 1-forms.
The Adler Kostant Symes [A-K-S] scheme is used to describe mechanical systems for quadratic Hamiltonians of $\mathbb R^{2n}$ on coadjoint orbits of the Heisenberg Lie group. The coadjoint orbits are realized in a solvable Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ that admits an ad-invariant metric. Its quadratic induces the Hamiltonian on the orbits, whose Hamiltonian system is equivalent to that one on $\mathbb R^{2n}$. This system is a Lax pair equation whose solution can be computed with help of the Adjoint representation. For a certain class of functions, the Poisson commutativity on the coadjoint orbits …
Let $F$ be be an arbitrary field and let $h(n)$ be the Heisenberg algebra of dimension $2n+1$ over $F$. It was shown by Burde that if $F$ has characteristic 0 then the minimum dimension of a faithful $h(n)$-module is $n+2$. We show here that his result remains valid in prime characteristic $p$, as long as $(p,n)\neq (2,1)$. We construct, as well, various families of faithful irreducible $h(n)$-modules if $F$ has prime characteristic, and classify these when $F$ is algebraically closed. Applications to matrix theory are given.
We describe a new method to determine faithful representations of small dimension for a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra. We give various applications of this method. In particular we find a new upper bound on the minimal dimension of a faithful module for the Lie algebras being counter examples to a well known conjecture of J. Milnor.
We prove an explicit formula for the invariant $μ(\Lg)$ for finite-dimensional semisimple, and reductive Lie algebras $\Lg$ over $\C$. Here $μ(\Lg)$ is the minimal dimension of a faithful linear representation of $\Lg$. The result can be used to study Dynkin's classification of maximal reductive subalgebras of semisimple Lie algebras.
For locally convex, nilpotent Lie algebras we construct faithful representations by nilpotent operators on a suitable locally convex space. In the special case of nilpotent Banach-Lie algebras we get norm continuous representations by bounded operators on Banach spaces.
We describe three methods to determine a faithful representation of small dimension for a finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra over an arbitrary field. We apply our methods in finding bounds for the smallest dimension $μ(\Lg)$ of a faithful $\Lg$-module for some nilpotent Lie algebras $\Lg$. In particular, we describe an infinite family of filiform nilpotent Lie algebras $\Lf_n$ of dimension $n$ over $\Q$ and conjecture that $μ(\Lf_n) > n+1$. Experiments with our algorithms suggest that $μ(\Lf_n)$ is polynomial in $n$.
The main goal of this paper is to compute $μ(\g)$ and $μ_{nil}(\g)$ for each nilpotent Lie algebra $\g$ of dimension 6 over a field of characteristic zero $\k$. Here $μ(\g)$ and $μ_{nil}(\g)$ is the minimal dimension of a faithful representation of $\g$ and the minimal dimension of a faithful nilrepresentation of $\g$, respectively. We also give a minimal faithful representation and nilrepresentation for each nilpotent Lie algebra of dimension $\leq 6$.
We study $\mathbb Z$-graded modules of nonzero level with arbitrary weight multiplicities over Heisenberg Lie algebras and the associated generalized loop modules over affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. We construct new families of such irreducible modules over Heisenberg Lie algebras. Our main result establishes the irreducibility of the corresponding generalized loop modules providing an explicit construction of many new examples of irreducible modules for affine Lie algebras. In particular, to any function $ϕ:\mathbb N\rightarrow \{\pm\}$ we associate a $ϕ$-highest weight module over the Heisen…
A well-known result on Lie Theory states that every finite-dimensional complex solvable Lie algebra can be represented as a matrix Lie algebra, with upper-triangular square matrices as elements. However, this result does not specify which is the minimal order of the matrices involved in such representations. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to revisit and implement a method to compute both that minimal order and a matrix representative for a given solvable Lie algebra. As application of this procedure, we compute representatives for each solvable Lie algebra with dimension less than $6$.
In this paper we present a lower bound for the minimal dimension $μ(\mathfrak{n})$ of a faithful representation of a finite dimensional $p$-step nilpotent Lie algebra $\mathfrak{n}$ over a field of characteristic zero. Our bound is given as the minimum of a quadratically constrained linear optimization problem, it works for arbitrary $p$ and takes into account a given filtration of $\mathfrak{n}$. We present some estimates of this minimum which leads to a very explicit lower bound for $μ(\mathfrak{n})$ that involves the dimensions of $\mathfrak{n}$ and its center. This bound allows us to obtai…
We classify connected Lie groups which are locally isomorphic to generalized Heisenberg groups. For a given generalized Heisenberg group $N$, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the set of isomorphism classes of connected Lie groups which are locally isomorphic to $N$ and a union of certain quotients of noncompact Riemannian symmetric spaces.
Let L be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of non-zero characteristic. By a theorem of Jacobson, L has a finite-dimensional faithful module which is completely reducible. We show that if the field is not algebraically closed, then L has an irreducible such module. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of non-zero characteristic to have a faithful irreducible module.
We define a Fourier transform and a convolution product for functions and distributions on Heisenberg--Clifford Lie supergroups. The Fourier transform exchanges the convolution and a pointwise product, and is an intertwining operator for the left regular representation. We generalize various classical theorems, including the Paley--Wiener--Schwartz theorem, and define a convolution Banach algebra.
We juxtapose two approaches to the representations of the super-Heisenberg group. Physical one, sometimes called concrete approach, based on the super-wave functions depending on the anti-commuting variables, yielding the harmonic superanalysis and recently developed strict theory of unitary representations of the nilpotent super Lie groups covering the unitary representations of the super-Heisenberg group.
Let $G$ be an irreducible Hermitian Lie group and $D=G/K$ its bounded symmetric domain in $\mathbb C^d$ of rank $r$. Each $γ$ of the Harish-Chandra strongly orthogonal roots $\{γ_1, \cdots, γ_r\}$ defines a Heisenberg parabolic subgroup $P=MAN$ of $G$. We study the principal series representations $\Ind_P^G(1\otimes e^ν\otimes 1)$ of $G$ induced from $P$. We find the complementary series, reduction points, and unitary subrepresentations in this family of representations.
We introduce and study a new class of algebras, which we name \textit{quantum generalized Heisenberg algebras} and denote by $\mathcal{H}_q (f,g)$, related to generalized Heisenberg algebras, but allowing more parameters of freedom, so as to encompass a wider range of applications and include previously studied algebras, such as (generalized) down-up algebras. In particular, our class now includes the enveloping algebra of the $3$-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra and its $q$-deformation, neither of which can be realized as a generalized Heisenberg algebra. This paper focuses mostly on the cl…
We define a faithful linear monoidal functor from the partition category, and hence from Deligne's category $\mathrm{\underline{Re}p}(S_t)$, to the Heisenberg category. We show that the induced map on Grothendieck rings is injective and corresponds to the Kronecker coproduct on symmetric functions.
Given a finite dimensional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, let $\mathfrak{z}(\mathfrak{g})$ denote the center of $\mathfrak{g}$ and let $μ(\mathfrak{g})$ be the minimal possible dimension for a faithful representation of $\mathfrak{g}$. In this paper we obtain $μ(\mathcal{L}_{r,2})$, where $\mathcal{L}_{r,k}$ is the free $k$-step nilpotent Lie algebra of rank $r$. In particular we prove that $μ(\mathcal{L}_{r,2})= \left\lceil \sqrt{2r(r-1)} \right\rceil + 2$ for $r \geq 4$. It turns out that $μ(\mathcal{L}_{r,2}) \simμ\big(\mathfrak{z}(\mathcal{L}_{r,2})\big) \sim 2\sqrt{\dim\mathcal{L}_{r,2}} $ (…
For a group $G$, we denote by $m_{faithful}(G)$, the smallest dimension of a faithful complex representation of $G$. Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field with the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}$ and the maximal ideal $\mathfrak{p}$. In this paper, we compute the precise value of $m_{faithful}(G)$ when $G$ is the Heisenberg group over $\mathcal{O}/\mathfrak{p}^n$. We then use the Weil representation to compute the minimal dimension of faithful representations of the group of unitriangular matrices over $\mathcal{O}/\mathfrak{p}^n$ and many of its subgroups. By a theorem of Karpenko and Merku…
2-local derivation is a generalized derivation for a Lie algebra, which plays an important role to the study of local properties of the structure of the Lie algebra. In this paper, we prove that every 2-local derivation on the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra is a derivation.
The existence of nondegenerate invariant bilinear forms is one of the most important tools in the study of Kac-Moody Lie algebras and extended affine Lie algebras. In practice, these forms are created, or shown to exist, either by assumption or in an ad hoc basis. The purpose of this work is to describe the nature of the space of invariant bilinear forms of certain algebras given by faithfully flat descent (which includes the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras, as well as Azumaya algebras and multiloop algebras) within a functorial framework. This will allow us to conclude the existence, uniqueness…
We describe several different representations of nilpotent step two Lie groups in spaces of monogenic Clifford valued functions. We are inspired by the classic representation of the Heisenberg group in the Segal-Bargmann space of holomorphic functions. Connections with quantum mechanics are described. Keywords: Segal-Bargmann space, Heisenberg group, coherent states, wavelet transform, reproducing kernel, nilpotent Lie group, monogenic functions, Dirac operator, Clifford algebra, (second) quantization, quantum field theory.
We study non-trivial deformations of the natural imbedding of the Lie algebra $\fh_1$ of lower triangular matrices (the Heisenberg Lie algebra) into $gl(3,\mathbb{K})$, where $\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}$ or $|mathbb{C}$. Our first result is the calculation of the first cohomology space $H^1(\fh_1;gl(3,\mathbb{K}))$. We prove that there are no obstructions for integrability of infinitesemal deformation and, furthermore, give an explicit formula for the most general deformation.
Let $H$ be a compact $p$-adic analytic group without torsion element, whose Lie algebra is split semisimple and $\mathfrak{N}_H(G)$ be the full subcategory of the category of finitely generated modules over the Iwasawa algebra $Λ_G$ that are also finitely generated as $Λ_H$-modules, where $G = \mathbb{Z}_{p} \times H$. We show that if the class of a module $N$ in the Grothendieck group of $\mathfrak{N}_H(G)$ equals to the class of a completely faithful module, then $q(N)$ is also completely faithful, where $q(N)$ denotes the image of $N$ via the quotient functor modulo the full subcategory of …
We establish the faithfulness of Verma modules for rational Iwasawa algebras of split semisimple compact $L$-analytic groups. We also prove the algebraic independence of Arens-Michael envelopes over Iwasawa algebras and compute the centre of affinoid enveloping algebras of semisimple $p$-adic Lie algebras.
We calculate the homology of three families of 2-step nilpotent Lie (super)algebras associated with the symplectic, orthogonal, and general linear groups. The symplectic case was considered by Getzler and the main motivation for this work was to complete the calculations started by him. In all three cases, these algebras can be realized as the nilpotent radical of a parabolic subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra, and our first approach relies on a theorem of Kostant, but is otherwise elementary and involves combinatorics of Weyl groups and partitions which may be of independent interest. Our sec…
We prove a refinement of Ado's theorem for Lie algebras over an algebraically-closed field of characteristic zero. We first define what it means for a Lie algebra $L$ to be approximated with a nilpotent ideal, and we then use such an approximation to construct a faithful representation of $L$. The better the approximation, the smaller the degree of the representation will be. We obtain, in particular, explicit and combinatorial upper bounds for the minimal degree of a faithful $L$-representation. The proofs use the universal enveloping algebra of Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt and the almost-algebraic…
We prove that in a locally finite dimensional Lie algebra L, any maximal, locally solvable subalgebra (Borel subalgebra) is the stabilizer of a maximal, generalized flag in an integrable, faithful module over L.
We introduce nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras including analogues of Heisenberg Lie algebras and free nilpotent Lie algebras. We study homology of k-ary nilpotent Lie algebras by using a modification of Chevalley-Eilenberg complex. For some classes of nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras and in particular Heisenberg k-ary Lie algebras we give explicit formulas for Betti numbers. Representation stability of free nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras is proven and lower bounds for Betti numbers are described by Schur modules. We also verify that toral rank conjecture holds for the classes we studied. Moreover, for 2…
We construct a faithful categorical action of the type $B$ braid group on the bounded homotopy category of finitely generated projective modules over a finite dimensional algebra which we call the type $B$ zigzag algebra. This categorical action is closely related to the action of the type $B$ braid group on curves on the disc. Thus, our exposition can be seen as a type $B$ analogue of the work of Khovanov-Seidel in arXiv:math/0006056. Moreover, we relate our topological (respectively categorical) action of the type $B$ Artin braid group to their topological (respectively categorical) action o…
We determine the groups of automorphisms and their orbits for nilpotent Lie algebras of class 2 and small dimension, over arbitrary fields (including the characteristic 2 case).
We describe the structure of the irreducible highest weight modules for the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro Lie algebra at level zero. We prove that such a module is either isomorphic to a Verma module or to a quotient of two Verma modules.
Let $U$ be the enveloping algebra of a finite dimensional nonabelian Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ over a field of characteristic zero. We show that there is an open nonempty open subset $X$ of $U_1 = \mathfrak{g}\oplus K$ such that $U/Ux$ is faithful for all $x \in X$. We prove similar results for homogenized enveloping algebras and for the three dimensional Sklyanin algebras at points of infinite order. It would be interesting to know if there is a common generalization of these results.
We give some examples of non-complete invariant affine connections on nilpotent and filiform Lie groups. This permits to describe non-nilpotent faithful representations on the model of filiform n-dimensional Lie algebras and, in particular, on the 3 dimensional Heisenberg algebra.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite dimensional complex Lie algebra and let $A$ be a finite dimensional complex, associative and commutative algebra with unit. We describe the structure of the derivation Lie algebra of the current Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_A= \mathfrak{g} \otimes A$, denoted by $\operatorname{Der}(\mathfrak{g}_A)$. Furthermore, we obtain the Levi decomposition of $\operatorname{Der}(\mathfrak{g}_A)$. As a consequence of the last result, if $\mathfrak{h}_m$ is the Heisenberg Lie algebra of dimension $2 m + 1$, we obtain a faithful representation of $\operatorname{Der}(\mathfrak{h}_{…
Given a finite group $\mathrm{G}$ and a field $K$, the faithful dimension of $\mathrm{G}$ over $K$ is defined to be the smallest integer $n$ such that $\mathrm{G}$ embeds into $\mathrm{GL}_n(K)$. In this paper we address the problem of determining the faithful dimension of a $p$-group of the form $\mathscr{G}_q:=\exp(\mathfrak{g} \otimes_\mathbb{Z}\mathbb{F}_q)$ associated to $\mathfrak{g}_q:=\mathfrak{g} \otimes_\mathbb{Z}\mathbb{F}_q$ in the Lazard correspondence, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a nilpotent $\mathbb{Z}$-Lie algebra which is finitely generated as an abelian group. We show that in gen…
We prove an analog of the Ado theorem - the existence of a finite-dimensional faithful representation - for a certain kind of finite-dimensional nilpotent Hom-Lie algebras.
