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arXiv 0803.0981hep-thgr-qchep-ph
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非对易量子力学中均匀引力场中的自由降落

Free-fall in a uniform gravitational field in non-commutative quantum mechanics

K. H. C. Castello-Branco, A. G. Martins

摘要:

本文在非对易量子力学(NCQM)的背景下研究量子粒子的自由降落。假设二维位形空间坐标之间的正则型非对易性,我们考虑了一个被困在引力阱中的中性粒子,并精确地求解了能量本征值问题。通过诉诸实验数据从GRANIT实验,其中自由下落的量子超冷中子的第一能级被确定,我们强加了一个上限的非对易性参数。我们还研究了量子粒子在均匀引力场中的飞行时间。这与弱等价原理有关。当我们考虑稳态时,能量本征态,即,在非定域状态下,飞行时间必须由适当耦合到粒子的量子钟测量。通过考虑时钟作为一个小扰动,我们解决了(静态)散射问题,并表明,飞行时间等于经典的结果,当测量远离转折点。这一结果被解释为等价原理的NCQM领域的延伸。

英文摘要:

We study the free-fall of a quantum particle in the context of noncommutative quantum mechanics (NCQM). Assuming noncommutativity of the canonical type between the coordinates of a two-dimensional configuration space, we consider a neutral particle trapped in a gravitational well and exactly solve the energy eigenvalue problem. By resorting to experimental data from the GRANIT experiment, in which the first energy levels of freely falling quantum ultracold neutrons were determined, we impose an upper-bound on the noncommutativity parameter. We also investigate the time of flight of a quantum particle moving in a uniform gravitational field in NCQM. This is related to the weak equivalence principle. As we consider stationary, energy eigenstates, i.e., delocalized states, the time of flight must be measured by a quantum clock, suitably coupled to the particle. By considering the clock as a small perturbation, we solve the (stationary) scattering problem associated and show that the time of flight is equal to the classical result, when the measurement is made far from the turning point. This result is interpreted as an extension of the equivalence principle to the realm of NCQM.

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