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arXiv 0802.2604astro-ph
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Seyfert星系团簇的三维辐射转移模型

Three-dimensional radiative transfer models of clumpy tori in Seyfert galaxies

M. Schartmann, K. Meisenheimer, M. Camenzind, S. Wolf, K. R. W. Tristram, Th. Henning

摘要:

活动星系核的环面是由冷热气体和尘埃的混合物组成的。为了保护尘埃颗粒不被热气体和吸积盘的高能辐射破坏,通常假定尘埃分布在云中。在我们新的活动星系核尘埃环的三维模型中,通过考虑相应连续模型的尘埃密度分布,将环模拟为楔形盘,其中尘埃云随机分布。我们特别集中在clusified和连续模型之间的差异,在温度分布,表面亮度分布和干涉vibrations,以及光谱能量分布。为此,我们采用辐射转移计算的帮助下,三维蒙特卡罗代码MC 3D。在第二步中,从模拟的表面亮度分布计算出干涉测量的亮度,这可以直接与使用干涉测量仪器的观测结果进行比较。团簇模型的径向温度分布具有显着增强的分散性相比,连续的情况下。即使在很远的地方,云也能被中心的吸积盘直接加热。硅酸盐10微米特征在吸收或发射中的存在敏感地取决于圆环最内部的云的分布、大小和光学深度,这是由于那里的云的阴影效应。这就解释了clujetori以前的建模工作的失败和成功。在我们的clusius标准模型的参数适应的情况下,Seyfert 2 Circinus星系,它可以定性地解释最近的中红外干涉观测进行的ESTA,以及高分辨率的光谱数据。

英文摘要:

Tori of Active Galactic Nuclei are made up of a mixture of hot and cold gas, as well as dust. In order to protect the dust grains from destruction by the hot gas as well as by the energetic radiation of the accretion disk, the dust is often assumed to be distributed in clouds. In our new 3D model of AGN dust tori, the torus is modelled as a wedge-shaped disk in which dusty clouds are randomly distributed, by taking the dust density distribution of the corresponding continuous model into account. We especially concentrate on the differences between clumpy and continuous models in terms of the temperature distributions, the surface brightness distributions and interferometric visibilities, as well as spectral energy distributions. To this end, we employ radiative transfer calculations with the help of the 3D Monte Carlo code MC3D. In a second step, interferometric visibilities are calculated from the simulated surface brightness distributions, which can be directly compared to observations with the MIDI instrument. The radial temperature distributions of clumpy models possess significantly enhanced scatter compared to the continuous cases. Even at large distances, clouds can be heated directly by the central accretion disk. The existence of the silicate 10 micron-feature in absorption or in emission depends sensitively on the distribution, the size and optical depth of clouds in the innermost part of the torus, due to shadowing effects of clouds there. This explains failure and success of previous modelling efforts of clumpy tori. After adapting the parameters of our clumpy standard model to the circumstances of the Seyfert 2 Circinus galaxy, it can qualitatively explain recent mid-infrared interferometric observations performed with MIDI, as well as high resolution spectral data.

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