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arXiv 0802.0438quant-phnlin.CD
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时间之箭难题的量子解决方案

A quantum solution to the arrow-of-time dilemma

Lorenzo Maccone

摘要:

时间之箭困境:物理定律对于时间反演是不变的,而我们每天看到的熟悉现象则不是(即熵增加)。我表明,在量子力学框架内,所有留下信息踪迹的现象(因此可以通过物理学研究)都是熵必然增加或保持不变的现象。所有熵减少的现象都不能留下任何关于它们发生过的信息。这种情况与他们根本没有发生完全没有区别。根据这一观察,热力学第二定律被简化为一个简单的同义反复:物理学不能研究那些熵减少的过程,即使它们是常见的。

英文摘要:

The arrow of time dilemma: the laws of physics are invariant for time inversion, whereas the familiar phenomena we see everyday are not (i.e. entropy increases). I show that, within a quantum mechanical framework, all phenomena which leave a trail of information behind (and hence can be studied by physics) are those where entropy necessarily increases or remains constant. All phenomena where the entropy decreases must not leave any information of their having happened. This situation is completely indistinguishable from their not having happened at all. In the light of this observation, the second law of thermodynamics is reduced to a mere tautology: physics cannot study those processes where entropy has decreased, even if they were commonplace.

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