Marc Arnaudon, Anton Thalmaier, Feng-Yu Wang
A new type of gradient estimate is established for diffusion semigroups on non-compact complete Riemannian manifolds. As applications, a global Harnack inequality with power and a heat kernel estimate are derived for diffusion semigroups on arbitrary complete Riemannian manifolds.
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We establish Harnack inequality and shift Harnack inequality for stochastic differential equation driven by $G$-Brownian motion. As applications, the uniqueness of invariant linear expectations and estimates on the $\sup$-kernel are investigated, where the $\sup$-kernel is introduced in this paper for the first time.
In this paper, we prove Hamilton's Harnack inequality and the gradient estimates of the logarithmic heat kernel for the Witten Laplacian on complete Riemainnian manifolds. As applications, we prove the $W$-entropy formula for the Witten Laplacian on complete Riemannian manifolds, and prove a family of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities on complete Riemannian manifolds with natural geometric condition.
We investigate the relationships between the parabolic Harnack inequality, heat kernel estimates, some geometric conditions, and some analytic conditions for random walks with long range jumps. Unlike the case of diffusion processes, the parabolic Harnack inequality does not, in general, imply the corresponding heat kernel estimates.
We characterize those homogeneous translation invariant symmetric non-local operators with positive maximum principle whose harmonic functions satisfy Harnack's inequality. We also estimate the corresponding semigroup and the potential kernel.
We introduce a new functional inequality, which is a modification of log-Harnack inequality established in [20] and [29], and prove that it implies the asymptotically strong Feller property (ASF). This inequality seems to generalize the criterion for ASF in [Proposition 3.12,14]. As a example, we show by an asymptotic coupling that 2D stochastic Navier-Stokes equation driven by highly degenerate but \emph{essentially elliptic} noises satisfies our modified log-Harnack inequality.
By constructing a coupling in two steps and using the Girsanov theorem under a regular conditional probability, the log-Harnack inequality is established for a large class of Gruschin type semigroups whose generator might be both degenerate and non-Lipschitzian.
By constructing successful couplings, the derivative formula, gradient estimates and Harnack inequalities are established for the semigroup associated with a class of degenerate functional stochastic differential equations.
We use a coupling method for functional stochastic differential equations with bounded memory to establish an analogue of Wang's dimension-free Harnack inequality \cite{MR1481127}. The strong Feller property for the corresponding segment process is also obtained.
This note gives three short results concerning the elliptic Harnack inequality (EHI), in the context of random walks on graphs. The first is that the EHI implies polynomial growth of the number of points in balls, and the second that the EHI is equivalent to an annulus type Harnack inequality for Green's functions. The third result uses the lamplighter group to give a counterexample concerning the relation of coupling with the EHI.
The dimension-free Harnack inequality and uniform heat kernel upper/lower bounds are derived for a class of infinite-dimensional GEM processes, which was introduced in \cite{FW} to simulate the two-parameter GEM distributions. In particular, the associated Dirichlet form satisfies the super log-Sobolev inequality which strengthens the log-Sobolev inequality derived in \cite{FW}. To prove the main results, explicit Harnack inequality and super Poincaré inequality are established for the one-dimensional Wright-Fisher diffusion processes. The main tool of the study is the coupling by change of me…
We prove a Harnack inequality for the solutions of a difference equation with non-elliptic balanced i.i.d. coefficients. Along the way we prove a (weak) quantitative homogenisation result, which we believe is of some interest too.
We prove an uniform boundary Harnack inequality for nonnegative functions harmonic with respect to $α$-stable process on the Sierpi{ń}ski triangle, where $α\in (0, 1)$. Our result requires no regularity assumptions on the domain of harmonicity.
We consider a L\' evy process in $\R^d$ $ (d\geq 3)$ with the characteristic exponent \[ Φ(ξ)=\frac{|ξ|^2}{\ln(1+|ξ|^2)}-1. \] The scale invariant Harnack inequality and apriori estimates of harmonic functions in H\" older spaces are proved.
This paper proves the strong parabolic Harnack inequality for local weak solutions to the heat equation associated with time-dependent (nonsymmetric) bilinear forms. The underlying metric measure Dirichlet space is assumed to satisfy the volume doubling condition, the strong Poincaré inequality, and a cutoff Sobolev inequality. The metric is not required to be geodesic. Further results include a weighted Poincaré inequality, as well as upper and lower bounds for non-symmetric heat kernels.
By a new approximate method, dimensional free Harnack inequalities are established for a class of semilinear stochastic differential equations in Hilbert space with multiplicative noise. These inequalities are applied to study the strong Feller property for the semigroup and some properties of invariant measure.
By proving an $L^2$-gradient estimate for the corresponding Galerkin approximations, the log-Harnack inequality is established for the semigroup associated to a class of stochastic Burgers equations. As applications, we derive the strong Feller property of the semigroup, the irreducibility of the solution, the entropy-cost inequality for the adjoint semigroup, and entropy upper bounds of the transition density.
Shift Harnack and integration by part formula are establish for semilinear spde with delay and a class of stochastic semilinear evolution equation which cover the hyperdissipative Naiver-Stokes/Burges equation. For the case of stochastic equation with delay, an extension to path space is given.
By constructing successful couplings for degenerate diffusion processes, explicit derivative formula and Harnack type inequalities are presented for solutions to a class of degenerate Fokker-Planck equations on $\R^m\times\R^{d}$. The main results are also applied to the study of gradient estimate, entropy/transportation-cost inequality and heat kernel inequalities.
We mainly investigate the log-Harnack inequality for the reflected stochastic partial differential equation driven by multiplicative noises based on the gradient estimate of the associated Markov semigroup. To do it, the penalization method and the comparison principle for stochastic partial differential equations are adopted. As its applications, we also establish the entropy-cost inequality and study some important estimates of the transition density relative to its invariant measure.
A new coupling argument is introduced to establish Driver's integration by parts formula and shift Harnack inequality. Unlike known coupling methods where two marginal processes with different starting points are constructed to move together as soon as possible, for the new-type coupling the two marginal processes start from the same point but their difference is aimed to reach a fixed quantity at a given time. Besides the integration by parts formula, the new coupling method is also efficient to imply the shift Harnack inequality. Differently from known Harnack inequalities where the values o…
By using lower bound conditions of the Lévy measure, derivative formulae and Harnack inequalities are derived for linear stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy processes. As applications, explicit gradient estimates and heat kernel inequalities are presented. As byproduct, a new Girsanov theorem for Lévy processes is derived.
Asymptotic log-Harnack inequality for path-distribution dependent SDEs with infinite memory and Dini drift
针对具有无限记忆和Dini漂移的路径分布依赖随机微分方程，建立了渐近对数哈纳克不等式，该结果在分布无关情形下同样新颖。
In this paper, we consider a large class of subordinate random walks $X$ on integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$ via subordinators with Laplace exponents which are complete Bernstein functions satisfying a certain lower scaling condition at zero. We establish estimates for one-step transition probabilities, the Green function and the Green function of a ball, and prove the Harnack inequality for non-negative harmonic functions.
In this work, we consider the two and three dimensional stochastic convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (SCBF) equations and examine some asymptotic behaviors of its strong solution. We establish the asymptotic log-Harnack inequality for the transition semigroup associated with the SCBF equations driven by additive as well as multiplicative degenerate noise via the asymptotic coupling method. As applications of the asymptotic log-Harnack inequality, we derive the gradient estimate, asymptotic irreducibility, asymptotic strong Feller property, asymptotic heat kernel estimate and ergodicity. Whenever…
In this paper we consider weak Harnack inequality and Hölder regularity estimates for symmetric $α$-stable Lévy process in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $α\in (0,2)$, $d\geq 2$. We consider a symmetric $α$-stable Lévy process $X$ for which a spherical part $μ$ of the Lévy measure is a spectral measure. In addition, we assume that $μ$ is absolutely continuous with respect to the uniform measure $σ$ on the sphere and impose certain bounds on the corresponding density. Eventually, we show that the weak Harnack inequality holds, which we apply to prove Hölder regularity results.
The asymptotic log-Harnack inequality is established for several different models of stochastic differential systems with infinite memory: non-degenerate SDEs, Neutral SDEs, semi-linear SPDEs, and stochastic Hamiltonian systems. As applications, the following properties are derived for the associated segment Markov semigroups: asymptotic heat kernel estimate; uniqueness of the invariant probability measure; asymptotic gradient estimate and hence, asymptotically strong Feller property; and asymptotic irreducibilty.
The existence and uniqueness of the mild solution for a class of functional SPDEs with multiplicative noise and a locally Dini continuous drift are proved. In addition, under a reasonable condition the solution is non-explosive. Moreover, Harnack inequalities are derived for the associated semigroup under certain global conditions, which is new even in the case without delay.
Harnack inequality for weakly coupled nonlocal systems
针对兼具扩散与跳跃机制的弱耦合非局部系统，该研究借助双侧尺度不变 Green 函数估计建立 Harnack 不等式，并在切换率矩阵严格不可约时得到满秩结果。
Due to technical reasons, existing results concerning Harnack type inequalities for SPDEs with multiplicative noise apply only to the case where the coefficient in the noise term is an Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation of a fixed bounded operator. In this paper we investigate a class of semi-linear SPDEs with strongly multiplicative noise whose coefficient is even allowed to be unbounded which is thus no way to be Hilbert-Schmidt. Gradient estimates, log-Harnack inequality and applications are derived. Applications to stochastic reaction-diffusion equations driven by space-time white noise are pres…
The dimension free Harnack inequality is established for the distribution dependent stochastic Hamiltonian system, where the drift is Lipschitz continuous in the measure variable under the distance induced by the Hölder-Dini continuous functions, which are $β(β>\frac{2}{3})$-Hölder continuous on the degenerate component and square root of Dini continuous on the non-degenerate one. The results extend the existing ones in which the drift is Lipschitz continuous in the measure variable under $L^2$-Wasserstein distance.
In this paper, Wang's log-Harnack inequality and exponential ergodicity are derived for two types of distribution dependent SDEs: one is the CKLS model, where the diffusion coefficient is a power function of order $θ$ with $θ\in[\frac{1}{2},1)$; the other one is Vasicek model, where the diffusion coefficient only depends on distribution. Both models in the distribution independent case can be used to characterize the interest rate in mathematical finance.
The well-posedness and regularity estimates in initial distributions are derived for singular McKean-Vlasov SDEs, where the drift contains a locally standard integrable term and a superlinear term in the spatial variable, and is Lipchitz continuous in the distribution variable with respect to a weighted variation distance. When the superlinear term is strengthened to be Lipschitz continuous, Wangs Harnack inequality is established. These results are new also for the classical Ito SDEs where the coefficients are distribution independent.
Under general conditions we show an a priori probabilistic Harnack inequality for the non-negative solution of a stochastic partial differential equation of the following form d_tu = div (A\nabla u) + f (t, x, u;w) + g_i(t, x, u;w)\dot{w}^i_t. We will also show that the solution of the above equation will be almost surely strictly positive if the initial condition is non-negative and not identically vanishing.
In the paper, Harnack inequalities are established for stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H<1/2$. As applications, strong Feller property, log-Harnack inequality and entropy-cost inequality are given.
In this paper, the Harnack inequalities for $G$-SDEs with degenerate noise are derived by method of coupling by change of measure. Moreover, the gradient estimate for the associated nonlinear semigroup $\bar{P}_t$ $$|\nabla \bar{P}_t f|\leq c(p,t)(\bar{P}_t |f|^p)^{\frac{1}{p}}, \ \ p>1, t>0$$ is also obtained for bounded and continuous function $f$. As an application of Harnack inequality, we prove the weak existence of degenerate $G$-SDEs under some integrable conditions. Finally, an example is presented. All of the above results extends the existed results in the linear expectation setting.
Asymptotic Log-Harnack Inequality for Monotone SPDE with Multiplicative Noise
本研究利用测度变换的渐近耦合方法，推导了带退化乘性噪声的非线性单调SPDE的渐近对数-Harnack不等式，证明了对应马尔可夫半群的相关性质与唯一遍历不变测度的存在性，可应用于高度退化的扩散过程。
By using coupling and Girsanov transformations, the dimension-free Harnack inequality and the strong Feller property are proved for transition semigroups of solutions to a class of stochastic generalized porous media equations. As applications, explicit upper bounds of the $L^p$-norm of the density as well as hypercontractivity, ultracontractivity and compactness of the corresponding semigroup are derived.
We prove that for recurrent, reversible graphs, the following conditions are equivalent: (a) existence and uniqueness of the potential kernel, (b) existence and uniqueness of harmonic measure from infinity, (c) a new anchored Harnack inequality, and (d) one-endedness of the wired Uniform Spanning Tree. In particular this gives a proof of the anchored (and in fact also elliptic) Harnack inequality on the UIPT. This also complements and strengthens some results of Benjamini, Lyons, Peres and Schramm. Furthermore, we make progress towards a conjecture of Aldous and Lyons by proving that these con…
Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities are derived for a class of subordinate semigroups. In particular, for a diffusion satisfying the Bakry-Emery curvature condition, the subordinate semigroup with power $α$ satisfies a dimension-free Harnack inequality provided $α\in(1/2, 1)$, and it satisfies the log-Harnack inequality for all $α\in (0,1).$ Some infinite-dimensional examples are also presented.
Asymptotic Log-Harnack Inequality for Degenerate SPDEs with Reflection
本文研究了退化随机偏微分方程的渐近对数Harnack不等式，揭示了其在热核估计、不变测度唯一性及渐近强Feller性质等方面的应用。
The log-Harnack inequality and Harnack inequality with powers for semigroups associated to SDEs with non-degenerate diffusion coefficient and non-regular time-dependent drift coefficient are established, based on the recent papers \cite{Flandoli, Zhang11}. We consider two cases in this work: (1) the drift fulfills the LPS-type integrability, and (2) the drift is uniformly Hölder continuous with respect to the spatial variable. Finally, by using explicit heat kernel estimates for the stable process with drift, the Harnack inequality for the stochastic differential equation driven by symmetric s…
Path-Distribution Dependent SDEs: Well-Posedness and Asymptotic Log-Harnack Inequality
本文研究了系数依赖历史路径与分布的随机微分方程，在局部可积条件下证明了适定性与初始值的Lipschitz连续性，并在单调条件下建立了渐近对数-Harnack不等式，推广了分布无关情形的已有结果。
We prove the scale invariant Harnack inequality and regularity properties for harmonic functions with respect to an isotropic unimodal Lévy process with the characteristic exponent $ψ$ satisfying some scaling condition. We show sharp estimates of the potential measure and capacity of balls, and further, under the assumption of that $ψ$ satisfies the lower scaling condition, sharp estimates of the potential kernel of the underlying process. This allow us to establish the Krylov-Safonov type estimate, which is the key ingredient in the approach of Bass and Levin, that we follow.
We prove a scale-invariant boundary Harnack principle for inner uniform domains over a large family of Dirichlet spaces. A novel feature of our work is that our assumptions are robust to time changes of the corresponding diffusions. In particular, we do not assume volume doubling property for the symmetric measure.
In the context of a metric measure Dirichlet space satisfying volume doubling and Poincaré inequality, we prove the parabolic Harnack inequality for weak solutions of the heat equation associated with local nonsymmetric bilinear forms. In particular, we show that these weak solutions are locally bounded.
We prove that the parabolic Harnack inequality implies the existence of jump kernel for symmetric pure jump process. This allows us to remove a technical assumption on the jumping measure in the recent characterization of the parabolic Harnack inequality for pure jump processes by Chen, Kumagai and Wang. The key ingredients of our proof are the Lévy system formula and a near-diagonal heat kernel lower bound.
The Harnack inequality fails for nonlocal kinetic equations
本研究证明非局部动力学方程的Harnack不等式不成立，以分数阶Kolmogorov方程为反例，指出这是纯粹非局部现象，补充了非局部亚椭圆方程理论的相关结论。
A logarithmic type Harnack inequality is established for the semigroup of solutions to a stochastic differential equation in Hilbert spaces with non-additive noise. As applications, the strong Feller property as well as the entropy-cost inequality for the semigroup are derived with respect to the corresponding distance (cost function).
We consider the random walk on supercritical percolation clusters in the d-dimensional Euclidean lattice. Previous papers have obtained Gaussian heat kernel bounds, and a.s. invariance principles for this process. We show how this information leads to a parabolic Harnack inequality, a local limit theorem and estimates on the Green's function.
We prove a stability theorem for the elliptic Harnack inequality: if two weighted graphs are equivalent, then the elliptic Harnack inequality holds for harmonic functions with respect to one of the graphs if and only if it holds for harmonic functions with respect to the other graph. As part of the proof, we give a characterization of the elliptic Harnack inequality.
We give a proof of Lipschitz continuity of p-harmonious functions, that are tug-of-war game analogies of ordinary p-harmonic functions. This result is used to obtain a new proof of Harnack's inequality for p-harmonic functions in the case $p>2$ that avoids classical techniques like Moser iteration, but instead relies on suitable choices of strategies for the stochastic tug-of-war game.
We consider the Harnack inequality for harmonic functions with respect to three types of infinite dimensional operators. For the infinite dimensional Laplacian, we show no Harnack inequality is possible. We also show that the Harnack inequality fails for a large class of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, although functions that are harmonic with respect to these processes do satisfy an a priori modulus of continuity. Many of these processes also have a coupling property. The third type of operator considered is the infinite dimensional analog of operators in Hörmander's form. In this case a Harnac…
By using a coupling method, an explicit log-Harnack inequality with local geometry quantities is established for (sub-Markovian) diffusion semigroups on a Riemannian manifold (possibly with boundary). This inequality as well as the consequent $L^2$-gradient inequality, are proved to be equivalent to the pointwise curvature lower bound condition together with the convexity or absence of the boundary. Some applications of the log-Harnack inequality are also introduced.
The Harnack inequality established in [13] for generalized Mehler semigroup is improved and generalized. As applications, the log-Harnack inequality, the strong Feller property, the hyper-bounded property, and some heat kernel inequalities are presented for a class of O-U type semigroups with jump. These inequalities and semigroup properties are indeed equivalent, and thus sharp, for the Gaussian case. As an application of the log-Harnack inequality, the HWI inequality is established for the Gaussian case. Perturbations with linear growth are also investigated.
Aim of this short note is to show that a dimension-free Harnack inequality on an infinitesimally Hilbertian metric measure space where the heat semigroup admits an integral representation in terms of a kernel is suffcient to deduce a sharp upper Gaussian estimate for such kernel. As intermediate step, we prove the local logarithmic Sobolev inequality (known to be equivalent to a lower bound on the Ricci curvature tensor in smooth Riemannian manifolds). Both results are new also in the more regular framework of $RCD(K,\infty)$ spaces.
The parabolic Harnack inequality for nonlocal equations
本文在变分框架下证明具有界可测系数的线性抛物非局部方程弱解的抛物 Harnack 不等式与 Hölder 估计，核心在于精细分析非局部尾项。
We consider stochastic partial differential equations under minimal assumptions: the coefficients are merely bounded and measurable and satisfy the stochastic parabolicity condition. In particular, the diffusion term is allowed to be scaling-critical. We derive local supremum estimates with a stochastic adaptation of De Giorgi's iteration and establish a weak Harnack inequality for the solutions. The latter is then used to obtain pointwise almost sure continuity.
We prove the scale invariant Elliptic Harnack Inequality (EHI) for non-negative harmonic functions on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$. The purpose of this note is to provide a simplified self-contained probabilistic proof of EHI in ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ that is accessible at the undergraduate level. We use the Local Central Limit Theorem for simple symmetric random walks on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ to establish Gaussian bounds for the $n$-step probability function. The uniform Green inequality and the classical Balayage formula then imply the EHI.
We prove that the elliptic Harnack inequality (on a manifold, graph, or suitably regular metric measure space) is stable under bounded perturbations, as well as rough isometries.
This paper presents analogous results for stochastic fast-diffusion equations. Since the fast-diffusion equation possesses weaker dissipativity than the porous medium one does, some technical difficulties appear in the study. As a compensation to the weaker dissipativity condition, a Sobolev-Nash inequality is assumed for the underlying self-adjoint operator in applications. Some concrete examples are constructed to illustrate the main results.
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