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arXiv 0709.4111cond-mat.supr-concond-mat.mes-hall
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超导回路的h/e周期性

h/e-Periodicity in Superconducting Loops

F. Loder, A. P. Kampf, T. Kopp, J. Mannhart, C. W. Schneider, Yu. S. Barash

摘要:

超导回路的磁通量周期性以及磁通量量子化本身是具有深远意义的宏观量子现象的表现。它们为理解超导体的许多基本性质提供了关键,并且是这些材料的大多数批量和设备应用的基础。在超导环中,已知电流以周期性$\bm{h/2e}$周期性地响应磁通量。在这里,普朗克常数和元电荷的比率定义了磁通量量子$\bm{h/e}$。众所周知的$\bm{h/2e}$周期性被认为是超导体中电子配对的标志,并被认为是库珀对存在的证据。在这里,我们表明,在这种长期的信念相反,环的许多超导体承担$\bm{h/e}$周期性。这些超导体包括高$\bm{T_c}$铜氧化物、Sr $_2$ RuO $_4$、重费米子超导体,以及所有其他在能隙函数中具有节点的非常规超导体,以及在能隙中具有小能隙或状态的s波超导体。正如我们所表明的,50年前的Barnel-Cooper-Schrieffer超导理论意味着,对于这种超导体的多个连接路径,基态能量以及因此产生的超电流一般都是$\bm{h/e}$周期性的。这种周期性的起源是磁场驱动的冷凝物的重建和伴随的多普勒频移能谱。磁通诱导的凝聚态重构将是理解介观非常规超导体磁性的一个重要方面。

英文摘要:

The magnetic flux periodicity of superconducting loops as well as flux quantization itself are a manifestation of macroscopic quantum phenomena with far reaching implications. They provide the key to the understanding of many fundamental properties of superconductors and are the basis for most bulk and device applications of these materials. In superconducting rings the electrical current has been known to periodically respond to a magnetic flux with a periodicity of $\bm{h/2e}$. Here, the ratio of Planck's constant and the elementary charge defines the magnetic flux quantum $\bm{h/e}$. The well-known $\bm{h/2e}$ periodicity is viewed to be a hallmark for electronic pairing in superconductors and is considered evidence for the existence of Cooper pairs. Here we show that in contrast to this long-term belief, rings of many superconductor bear an $\bm{h/e}$ periodicity. These superconductors include the high-$\bm{T_c}$ cuprates, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, the heavy-fermion superconductors, as well as all other unconventional superconductors with nodes in the energy gap functions, and s-wave superconductors with small gaps or states in the gap. As we show, the 50-year-old Bardeen--Cooper--Schrieffer theory of superconductivity implies that for multiply connected paths of such superconductors the ground-state energies and consequently also the supercurrents are generically $\bm{h/e}$ periodic. The origin of this periodicity is a magnetic-field driven reconstruction of the condensate and a concomitant Doppler-shifted energy spectrum. The robust, flux induced reconstruction of the condensate will be an important aspect to understand the magnetic properties of mesoscopic unconventional superconductors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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