arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0709.4043cond-mat.softcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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球体和圆盘撞击颗粒介质的标度和动力学

Scaling and dynamics of sphere and disk impact into granular media

Daniel I Goldman, Paul B. Umbanhowar

摘要:

直接测量球体和圆盘撞击颗粒介质的加速度,揭示了简单的幂律缩放以及复杂的动力学,这些动力学具有流体和固体行为的特征。穿透深度与冲击速度成线性比例,而对于足够大的冲击速度,碰撞持续时间是恒定的。这两个量都表现出幂律依赖于球体直径和密度,以及重力加速度。撞击过程中的加速度有两个跳跃:一个是在初始接触时快速的速度依赖性增加,另一个是在撞击物体静止时类似的急剧的深度依赖性减少。检查在这些功能附近的球体上测得的力导致一个新的实验为基础的颗粒碰撞力模型。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的背景下,最近提出的现象学模型,捕捉定性的动态特性的影响,但失败的定量和无法捕捉显着的加速度波动,发生在穿透过程中,这取决于受影响的材料。

英文摘要:

Direct measurements of the acceleration of spheres and disks impacting granular media reveal simple power law scalings along with complex dynamics which bear the signatures of both fluid and solid behavior. The penetration depth scales linearly with impact velocity while the collision duration is constant for sufficiently large impact velocity. Both quantities exhibit power law dependence on sphere diameter and density, and gravitational acceleration. The acceleration during impact is characterized by two jumps: a rapid, velocity dependent increase upon initial contact and a similarly sharp, depth dependent decrease as the impacting object comes to rest. Examining the measured forces on the sphere in the vicinity of these features leads to a new experimentally based granular force model for collision. We discuss our findings in the context of recently proposed phenomenological models that capture qualitative dynamical features of impact but fail both quantitatively and in their inability to capture significant acceleration fluctuations that occur during penetration and which depend on the impacted material.

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