arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv quant-ph/9806074quant-phgr-qchep-thmath-phmath.MPphysics.hist-phphysics.pop-ph
收藏

用Reichenbachian的共同原因解决EPR-Bell悖论的尝试

On an attempt to resolve the EPR-Bell paradox via Reichenbachian concept of common cause

Laszlo E. Szabo

摘要:

赖兴巴赫的共同原因原则主张,如果两个事件之间存在相关性,并且没有一个事件直接受到另一个事件的因果影响,那么必须存在第三个事件,作为共同原因,可以解释这种相关性。EPR-贝尔佯谬的问题在于,我们在EPR实验中观察到空间分离事件之间的相关性,而这些实验不容许共因型解释;因此,必然得出这样的结论:与相对论相反,在量子物理学领域中存在着超距离超距作用,或者至少超光速因果传播是可能的;也就是说,要么相对论失败,要么赖兴巴赫的共因原理失败。通过对共因概念的更深入的分析和对EPR实验情景的更精确的重新表述,我将使我们可以从违反贝尔不等式中得出的结论更加尖锐。它将明确地表明,我们在EPR实验中遇到的相关性可能有共同的原因;也就是说,赖兴-巴赫的共同原因原理在量子力学中不会失效。此外,这些共同原因满足通常所需的局部条件。在论文的修订版中,我添加了一个附言,从这个附言中可以看出,与原来的标题相反,这样得到的解决方案是不完整的。这就产生了一个新的问题:某些共因事件的组合确实与测量操作在统计上相关。

英文摘要:

Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle claims that if there is correlation between two events and none of them is directly causally influenced by the other, then there must exist a third event that can, as a common cause, account for the correlation. The EPR-Bell paradox consists in the problem that we observe correlations between spatially separated events in the EPR-experiments, which do not admit common-cause-type explanation; and it must therefore be inevitably concluded, that, contrary to relativity theory, in the realm of quantum physics there exists action at a distance, or at least superluminal causal propagation is possible; that is, either relativity theory or Reichenbach's common cause principle fails. By means of closer analyses of the concept of common cause and a more precise reformulation of the EPR experimental scenario, I will sharpen the conclusion we can draw from the violation of Bell's inequalities. It will be explicitly shown that the correla-tions we encounter in the EPR experiment could have common causes; that is, Reichen-bach's Common Cause Principle does not fail in quantum mechanics. Moreover, these common causes satisfy the locality conditions usually required. In the Revised Version of the paper I added a Postscript from which it turns out that the solution such obtained is, contrary to the original title, incomplete. It turns out that a new problem arises: some combinations of the common cause events do statistically cor-relate with the measurement operations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑