In the normal presentation of the EPR problem a comparison is made between the (weak) Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics which seems to suggest that at times action at a distance may take place, and the hidden parameter interpretation which must satisfy Bell's inequality, in contradiction to the predictions of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we consider a relativistic approach to the paradox. However, the frame of reference under consideration is not the usual Lorenz frame but rather the spin frame of reference which is invariant with respect to the SU(2) group.
In 1935, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen ('EPR') reported on a thought experiment that they believed showed that quantum theory provided an incomplete description of reality. Today we know that quantum theory is a complete and correct description of Nature (in flat space-time). The EPR thought experiment is predicted by quantum theory and has since been experimentally confirmed. However, EPR experiments have no physical pictorial explanation, and are considered part of a "paradox". Here I resolve the "paradox". I show independently of any interpretation of quantum theory that…
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox was enunciated in 1935 and since then it has made a lot of ink flow. Being a subtle result, it has also been largely misunderstood. Indeed, if questioned about its solution, many physicists will still affirm today that the paradox has been solved by the Bell-test experimental results, which have shown that entangled states are real. However, this remains a wrong view, as the validity of the EPR ex-absurdum reasoning is independent from the Bell-test experiments, and the possible structural shortcomings it evidenced cannot be eliminated. These were corr…
局域实在论已经被基于贝尔定理的纠缠粒子实验所推翻。Bell，Physics（Long Island City，N.Y.）1，195（1964））。然而，关于问题是局部性还是现实性的争论一直在继续。在这项工作中，我们分析了爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森思想实验玻姆的版本，用信息论和热力学。从EPR实验中推断非定域性将违背量子力学的非实在性原理。因此，有关量子纠缠的实验不能提供任何证据来指责局域性。
In the paper, the EPR paradox is explored by the approach of quantum supervaluationism that leads to a "gappy" semantics with the propositions giving rise to truth-value gaps. Within this approach, the statement, which asserts that in the singlet state the system of two (i.e., A and B) spin-1/2 particles possesses the a priori property "spin A is up and spin B is down along the same axis" or "spin A is down and spin B is up along the same axis", does not have the truth-value at all. Consequently, after the verification of, say, the proposition "spin A is up along the z-axis", the statistical p…
We give a conceptually simple proof of nonlocality using only the perfect correlations between results of measurements on distant systems discussed by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen---correlations that EPR thought proved the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. Our argument relies on an extension of EPR by Schrödinger.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is one of the milestones in quantum foundations, arising from the lack of local realistic description of quantum mechanics. The EPR paradox has stimulated an important concept of "quantum nonlocality", which manifests itself by three different types: quantum entanglement, quantum steering, and Bell nonlocality. Although Bell nonlocality is more often used to show the "quantum nonlocality", the original EPR paradox is essentially a steering paradox. In this work, we formulate the original EPR steering paradox into a contradiction equality,thus making it…
In an empirical logic, an experimentally verifiable proposition P relating to a quantum system is assigned the value of either true of false if the system is in the pure state that belongs or, respectively, does not belong to the Hilbert subspace that represents P. Determined in such a way truth or falsity of P can be termed a factual truth-value of P. In the present paper, it is proposed to consider a counter-factual truth-value of P, i.e., either of the values, true or false, that would have been taken by P if the system had been in a pure state belonging to a Hilbert subspace that does not …
Formulas for calculating the joint probability of outcomes of measurements performed on mutually non-interacting component systems of a combined system prepared in an entangled state are presented. The formulas are based on non-relativistic quantum mechanics. An interpretation of the joint probability which conforms to the principle of local causality is proposed. The joint probability of outcomes of spin measurements performed on the well-known system of two spatially separated spin-1/2 particles prepared initially in the singlet state is used to illustrate the proposed interpretation of theo…
