arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv quant-ph/0609185quant-ph
收藏

海森堡的不确定原理

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

P. Busch, T. Heinonen, P. Lahti

摘要:

海森伯的不确定原理通常被用来表达由量子力学施加的操作可能性的限制。在这里,我们证明,这一原则的全部内容还包括其积极的作用,作为一个条件,确保相互排斥的实验选项可以调和,如果一个适当的权衡被接受。不确定原理以不确定关系的形式表现为三种形式:任何量子态中位置和动量分布的宽度;这些量的任何联合测量的不准确性;以及其中一个量的测量不准确性和随之而来的另一个量分布的扰动。虽然概念上不同,这三种不确定性关系被证明是密切相关的正式。最后,我们综述了位置和动量联合测量的模型和实验实现,并简要评论了不确定原理的实验检验状况。

英文摘要:

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is usually taken to express a limitation of operational possibilities imposed by quantum mechanics. Here we demonstrate that the full content of this principle also includes its positive role as a condition ensuring that mutually exclusive experimental options can be reconciled if an appropriate trade-off is accepted. The uncertainty principle is shown to appear in three manifestations, in the form of uncertainty relations: for the widths of the position and momentum distributions in any quantum state; for the inaccuracies of any joint measurement of these quantities; and for the inaccuracy of a measurement of one of the quantities and the ensuing disturbance in the distribution of the other quantity. Whilst conceptually distinct, these three kinds of uncertainty relations are shown to be closely related formally. Finally, we survey models and experimental implementations of joint measurements of position and momentum and comment briefly on the status of experimental tests of the uncertainty principle.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑