It is generally accepted that the disturbance interpretation cannot explain Heisenberg's uncertainty relation DxDp=h. In this paper a clear distinction will be made between the notions of state preparation and measurement, noting that the disturbance that is referred to in Heisenberg's disturbance interpretation is usually caused by the measurement. The main goal of this paper is to examine and discuss to what extent disturbance during the state preparation plays a role in the interpretation of Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. This examination will be done in the context of a single-slit experiment. To conclude this paper a novel single-slit experiment will be proposed and discussed with which a clearer insight could be gained into the exact role of disturbance when a quantum system passes a single-slit.
Although Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is represented by a rigorously proven relation about intrinsic indeterminacy in quantum states, Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation (EDR) has been commonly believed as another aspect of the principle. However, recent developments of quantum measurement theory made Heisenberg's EDR testable to observe its violations. Here, we study the EDR for Stern-Gerlach measurements. In a previous report [arXiv:1910.07929], it has been pointed out that their EDR is close to the theoretical optimal. The present note reports that even the original Stern-Gerlach …
Although Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is represented by a rigorously proven relation about intrinsic uncertainties in quantum states, Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation (EDR) has been commonly believed to be another aspect of the principle. Based on the recent development of universally valid reformulations of Heisenberg's EDR, we study the error and disturbance of Stern-Gerlach measurements of a spin-1/2 particle. We determine the range of the possible values of the error and disturbance for arbitrary Stern-Gerlach apparatuses with the orbital degree prepared in an arbitrary Gaussi…
Measuring measurement--disturbance relationships with weak values
使用测量精度ε和扰动(测量反作用)η的形式定义,Ozawa [Phys. Rev. A 67,042105(2003)]已经表明海森堡声称的这些量之间的关系一般是错误的。在这里,我们表明,小泽介绍的数量可以通过实验确定,使用没有先验知识的测量调查-这两个数量对应的根均方差由弱值概率分布。我们提出了一个简单的三量子比特实验,这将说明海森堡的测量-扰动关系的失败,和小泽提出的替代关系的有效性。
Experimental test of entropic noise-disturbance uncertainty relations for spin-1/2 measurements
量子测量中噪声和干扰的信息论定义在Phys. Rev. Lett. 112,050401(2014),并且获得了与状态无关的噪声-扰动不确定性关系。在这里,我们推导出一个紧密的噪声干扰的互补量子比特可观测量的不确定性关系,并进行了实验测试。对中子自旋为1/2的系统进行了连续的投影测量,并进行了减少干扰的校正。我们的实验结果饱和时,应用最佳的校正程序的量子比特的紧噪声干扰不确定性关系。
Uncertainty-disturbance relations and applications
University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心);School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学物理学院);Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学量子技术中心);MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit(马普-南锡-新国大-南科大国际联合研究实验室);National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学国立教育学院);Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学物理系);Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学广东省量子科学与工程重点实验室);Hefei National Laboratory(合肥国家实验室)
In quantum theory, measuring process is an important physical process; it is a quantum description of the interaction between the system of interest and the measuring device. Error and disturbance are used to quantitatively check the performance of the measurement, and are defined by using measuring process. Uncertainty relations are a general term for relations that provide constraints on them, and actively studied. However, the true error-disturbance bound for position measurements is not known yet. Here we concretely construct linear position measurements with minimum error-disturbance in e…
Information-theoretic uncertainty relations formulate the joint immeasurability of two non-commuting observables in terms of information entropies. The trade-off of the accuracy in the outcome of two successive measurements manifests in entropic noise-disturbance uncertainty relations. Recent theoretical analysis predicts that projective measurements are not optimal, with respect to the noise-disturbance trade-offs. Therefore the results in our previous letter [PRL 115, 030401 (2015)] are outperformed by general quantum measurements. Here, we experimentally test a tight information-theoretic m…
We examine error-disturbance relations in the quantum measurement of spin systems using an atom-light interface scheme. We model a single spin-1/2 system that interacts with a polarized light meter via a Faraday interaction. We formulate the error and disturbance of the model and examine the uncertainty relations. We found that for the coherent light meter in pure polarization, both the error and disturbance behave the cyclic oscillations due to the Faraday rotation in both the light and spin polarizations. We also examine a class of polarization squeezed light meter, where we apply the phase-…
This work completes the program started in \cite{bb1,bb2,bb3} to derive the Heisenberg uncertainty relation for relativistic particles. Sharp uncertainty relations for massive relativistic particles with spin 0 and spin 1 are derived. The main conclusion is that the uncertainty relations for relativistic bosons are markedly different from those for relativistic fermions. The uncertainty relations for bosons are based on the energy density. It is shown that the uncertainty relations based on the time-component of the four-current, as was have done in \cite{bb3} for electrons, are untenable beca…