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arXiv quant-ph/0601111quant-ph
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六态m方与n方量子秘密共享

Quantum secret sharing between m-party and n-party with six states

Ting Gao, Feng-Li Yan, You-Cheng Li

摘要:

提出了一个基于三个共轭基(即六个状态)的$m$ -方和$n$ -方量子秘密共享方案.在量子秘密共享过程中,一个单光子序列被直接用于编码经典信息,每个单光子都是在六个状态中的一个状态中制备的。在该方案中,组1中的所有$m$成员各自独立地随机选择自己的密钥,然后通过幺正运算直接将各自的秘密信息编码到单光子的态上,最后一个成员(组1中的第$m$成员)将得到的量子比特中的$1/n$发送给组2中的每个成员。通过测量他们各自的量子位,组2中的所有成员共享组1中所有成员共享的秘密信息。由组1和组2共享的秘密消息,使得每个组的子集或组1的子集和组2的子集的并集都不能提取秘密消息,但是每个整个组(每个组的所有成员)可以。该方案是渐近100%的效率。它使多光子信号特洛伊木马攻击、EPR对伪信号攻击、单光子攻击和不可见光子攻击无效。我们证明了它是安全的,并且比基于两个共轭基的方案具有优势。我们还给出了任意两粒子纠缠态下利用伪信号攻击的不诚实代理窃听加密的平均成功概率的上界。该方案在目前的技术条件下是可行的。

英文摘要:

We propose a quantum secret sharing scheme between $m$-party and $n$-party using three conjugate bases, i.e. six states. A sequence of single photons, each of which is prepared in one of the six states, is used directly to encode classical information in the quantum secret sharing process. In this scheme, each of all $m$ members in group 1 choose randomly their own secret key individually and independently, and then directly encode their respective secret information on the states of single photons via unitary operations, then the last one (the $m$th member of group 1) sends $1/n$ of the resulting qubits to each of group 2. By measuring their respective qubits, all members in group 2 share the secret information shared by all members in group 1. The secret message shared by group 1 and group 2 in such a way that neither subset of each group nor the union of a subset of group 1 and a subset of group 2 can extract the secret message, but each whole group (all the members of each group) can. The scheme is asymptotically 100% in efficiency. It makes the Trojan horse attack with a multi-photon signal, the fake-signal attack with EPR pairs, the attack with single photons, and the attack with invisible photons to be nullification. We show that it is secure and has an advantage over the one based on two conjugate bases. We also give the upper bounds of the average success probabilities for dishonest agent eavesdropping encryption using the fake-signal attack with any two-particle entangled states. This protocol is feasible with present-day technique.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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